I. Kingdom of Loulan
1980, archaeologists found a well-preserved female corpse, the famous "Loulan Beauty", in Tiepan River, Lop Nur. This is a beautiful woman who lived thousands of years ago. When she was unearthed, her skin was reddish brown and slightly elastic. After image processing, she appeared vividly in front of people. The ancient country of Loulan was founded around 176 BC, but suddenly disappeared mysteriously in 630 AD, with a history of more than 800 years.
According to Biography of Dawan in Historical Records and Biography of Western Regions in Hanshu, Loulan was a famous "walled country" in the western regions before the 2nd century A.D.. It is located in the west of Lop Nur, the ancient Silk Road, and is the hub leading to the western regions. The scope of the kingdom starts from Guyangguan in the east, the ancient city of Niya in the west, Altun Mountain in the south and Hami in the north. It is recorded in the History of Han Fa Xian's Biography of the Western Regions and Xuanzang's Record, which is closely related to the Han Dynasty around A.D. According to the Biography of Historical Records of Dawan, Loulan was founded on the edge of Yanze with battlements. "Yanze" here refers to Lop Nur. By the time the historian Ban Gu of Han Dynasty wrote Han Shu, there were 1570 families in Loulan Kingdom, with a population of * * * 14 1000. The national title is "mud", and the ecological environment of Loulan is also introduced.
The west bank of Lop Nur, Xinjiang is now one of the most desolate areas in Xinjiang. The fables here are fascinating. It mysteriously disappeared on the earth and unexpectedly appeared, which aroused many people's interest. How did Loulan civilization lose? So far, no one can give a clear answer. During the period of 1979, Xinjiang Institute of Archaeology conducted an investigation and investigation on the Loulan ancient road and found a large number of ancient tombs. Several of the tombs have strange and spectacular shapes: the tombs are surrounded by seven layers of thin and thick logs, and rows of trees spread radially in all directions outside the circle. The whole shape is like a big sun, which makes people have all kinds of mysterious associations. What does it mean? It's still an unsolved mystery.
Second, Yelang Kingdom
There is an idiom called "arrogance". It is said that the king of Yelang country and his men visited the border and said, "Which country is the largest here?" The subordinate said: "Of course, it is the largest Yelang country!" The king looked at the mountain ahead and asked, "Is there a higher mountain under the sun?" These people replied, "There is nothing higher than this mountain." Later, the Han Dynasty sent messengers to Yelang. Because he didn't know that the country he ruled was only about the size of a county in the Han Dynasty, the arrogant and ignorant king didn't even know how big it was, so he asked the special envoy, "Which is bigger, the Han Dynasty or my country?"
Yelang Kingdom began in the Warring States Period, and it lasted for about 500 years since the Western Han Dynasty became the Emperor of Peace, and then the ancient Yelang Kingdom disappeared mysteriously. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han Dynasty, Yelang fought against the small countries in the south and did not obey the court's mediation. Chen Li, the leader of the Han Dynasty, went deep into the hinterland of Yelang and killed the last king named Xing. Since then, this ancient country has disappeared, and it is also a fog in the historical records of the Central Plains.
Now there is a place called Yelang Town in Tongzi County, Guizhou Province, which probably came down from Yelang Kingdom. The place name of Yelang has not changed so far, and Li Bai passed by here in the Tang Dynasty. There are many physical and chemical relics related to Li Bai in Yelang ancient town, such as Taibai Tomb, Taibai Spring, Taibai Tingyingchu, Taibai Moon Observatory and Baibeitai. Archaeology here surprised a large number of mysterious castle communities, and more than ten ancient garrison camps were found on the surrounding peaks, forming an arch moon with them.
Third, the ancient kingdom of Yunnan.
According to documents and archaeological findings, the ancient Dian kingdom existed for about 500 years in history, which appeared in the early Warring States period and disappeared in the early Western Han Dynasty. The ancient Dian kingdom is located in the central and eastern Yunnan, with Dianchi Lake as the center, connecting Yangzonghai, Fuxian Lake, Xingyun Lake and Qilu Lake. When Qin Shihuang defeated Yunnan, he opened the Wuchi Road to the local area. However, after the demise of the Qin Dynasty, the traffic was interrupted and Yunnan regained its independence until Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. There is a country called "Dian" in Yunnan recorded in Historical Records, and it is also recorded in Historical Records Biography of Southwest Yi. After the Han people discovered Yunnan, there were not many teenagers, and this ancient country disappeared. According to Records of the Historian, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to attack Yunnan. The king of Dian was attached to the whole country, and Emperor Wu of Han officially recognized the country of Dian, giving Wang Yin with the words "Wang Yin in Dian" engraved on it. The case of Niuhutong in the picture below is a cultural relic from the ancient kingdom of Yunnan, and it is the treasure of the Yunnan Provincial Museum.