2. It is concluded that vinegar nail tablets are processed products of pangolin, and the method is sand frying and vinegar quenching, and most of its raw products are not directly used as medicine [1]. Pangolin was processed in the Tang Dynasty, see Thousand Women's Wings, etc. Pangolin is the scale of pangolin [1]. Pangolin is salty and slightly cold, belonging to the liver and stomach meridian. It has the effects of promoting blood circulation, eliminating symptoms, dredging collaterals, promoting lactation, reducing swelling and expelling pus, and expelling wind and dredging collaterals. Can be used for amenorrhea, galactorrhea, carbuncle, sore, rheumatism, apoplexy paralysis, numbness and contracture. Pangolin is hard, difficult to fry and break, and has a foul smell [1]. Sand-frying with vinegar or sand-frying becomes brittle and easy to crush, and effective components are decocted to correct its fishy smell [1]. Vinegar nail tablets are swollen and curly, yellow, crisp and crisp, with vinegar taste and strong milk power during menstruation, and can be used for amenorrhea without milk retention [1].
3 Processing methods of vinegar nail tablets There are many processing methods of pangolin in ancient times, but they are all useless [1].
In the Tang Dynasty, there were the methods of burning ashes (Fang Yi) and frying yellow (the secret recipe of the immortal healing) [1].
In the Song Dynasty, there were yellow roast, infantile excrement bubble (too square), scorched burn (on the general disease of typhoid fever), vinegar-soaked decoction (collection of maternal and infant education), clam powder decoction (Puji skill prescription), clam powder decoction (Taiping Huimin Heji prescription) and wine-made decoction (collection of Leiyi prescriptions).
In the Yuan Dynasty, there were lime decoction (the prescription for effective treatment by world famous doctors), crisp-making (the experienced prescription of Ruizhutang) and artillery (the book of health preservation) [1].
In the Ming Dynasty, methods such as mulberry ash processing, hot ash baking, corn awn ash frying, vinegar frying, bran frying (Puji recipe), Gleditsia sinensis ash processing (odd recipe), frying (Compendium of Materia Medica) and sand frying (omitted from Shu Ren) were added [1].
In the Qing Dynasty, the processing methods of milk (Depei Herbal Medicine), Arnebia euchroma Bunge and Jiangsu Wood (Chuanya Internal Compilation) were put forward [1]. The purpose of processing is comprehensively expounded: "the tip thickness of tail scale is stronger than that of triangle [1]". Or roast, or roast or crisp, roast with vinegar, roast with children's excrement or fry, fry with earth, and fry with clam powder, according to this formula [1] respectively. If malaria is not cold, stir-fry with dried dates; Stir-fried diarrhea with clam powder; Women are naked and fried in the sand; Stir-fried acne blackened clam powder; At the beginning of poison expansion, it was shot at Gumang [1] hot ash. Poisonous carbuncle, baked with vinegar; The scrofula is broken and the soil is fried; Earache, fried with local dogs, tinnitus and deafness, fried with clam powder; Curling trichiasis, applying sheep kidney fat to nail-frying, repairing with viscera of various syndromes, and so on. Nobody uses it "(Compendium of Materia Medica Hook Yuan) [1].
At present, the main processing methods are sand frying, sand frying and vinegar quenching [1].
Preparation method of clean pangolin: take raw materials, remove impurities, clean and dry [1].
The processing method of vinegar nail board is: put the sand in a hot pot, heat it to a flexible state with strong fire, add clean pangolin pieces of the same size, stir-fry until it bulges, take it out when it is golden yellow, sieve the sand, pour it into vinegar while it is hot, soak it a little, take it out and dry it [1].
Use 30kg vinegar per 100kg pangolin [1].
4 The characteristics of vinegar nail tablets Pangolin is fan-shaped, triangular or shield-shaped, with different sizes, thicker center and thinner edge [1]. The appearance is blue-black, with several vertical lines and several horizontal lines at the bottom [1]. The inner surface is bright and smooth, with an arched transverse ridge line [1] in the middle. Horny, slightly transparent, tough and elastic, not easy to break [1]. The breath is slightly fishy and salty [1].
The whole piece of vinegar nail is curly, yellow, crisp and has vinegar taste [1].
The sexual taste of pangolin belongs to People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia (version 20 10): pangolin tastes salty and slightly cold. Entering the liver and stomach meridians.
A dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine: pangolin tastes salty and cool. Entering the liver and stomach meridians.
"Bielu": "Slightly cold."
"Theory of Medicinal Properties": "There is great poison."
Southern Yunnan herbs: "cold in nature and salty in taste."
Compendium of Materia Medica: "Entering Jueyin and Yangming Meridian."
Materia Medica Yan Hui: "Entering the Taiyin and Jueyin meridians."
6 Efficacy and Indications of Pangolin "China People's Pharmacopoeia" (20 10 edition): Pangolin has the effects of promoting blood circulation, eliminating symptoms, dredging menstruation, promoting lactation, reducing swelling and expelling pus, expelling wind and dredging collaterals. Used for amenorrhea, galactorrhea, carbuncle, swelling, sores, rheumatism, paralysis due to apoplexy, numbness and contracture.
Dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine: pangolin has the effects of detumescence and ulceration, expelling wind and activating collaterals, dredging menstruation and promoting lactation. Treat carbuncle, wind-cold-dampness arthralgia, amenorrhea and galactorrhea. Local hemostasis.
Chinese medicine: Pangolin has the effects of promoting blood circulation and resolving hard mass, dredging menstruation and promoting lactation, and eliminating carbuncle and resolving hard mass. Main blood stasis amenorrhea, abdominal mass, rheumatalgia, galactorrhea, carbuncle and scrofula.
Pangolin is good at detumescence, expelling pus, searching wind and dredging collaterals, and is used for carbuncle, swelling, toxin and rheumatic arthralgia [1]. For example, at the beginning of the treatment of carbuncle, the swelling and pain will not die before living ("surgical play"); Topiramate antispasmodic decoction for treating rheumatism, arthralgia and tendon contracture (analogy method) [1].
Vinegar nail tablets have strong lactation ability after menstruation and can be used for amenorrhea and galactorrhea [1]. For example, pangolin powder ("Gynecology Encyclopedia") and Yongquan Powder ("Health Care Bao"), which cannot treat menstruation; It can also be used to treat traumatic injury and blood stasis swelling and pain, such as Fuyuan Huoxue Decoction (medical invention) [1].
"Records of Famous Doctors": "The five evils are frightened and shouted, burned to ashes, and the ant fistula is treated with wine or water and a square knife."
Tao Hongjing: "Treat sores."
Theory of medicinal properties: "Treating mountain malaria. If you have a bad sore, burn it. "
"Rihuazi Materia Medica": "Treating infantile convulsions, hemorrhoids, malignant sores and scabies."
Materia Medica of South Yunnan: "Treat scabies, furuncles and carbuncles, break qi and promote blood circulation, and treat bladder hernia pain."
Compendium of Materia Medica: "Eliminating phlegm, treating malaria, cold and heat, wind arthralgia, stiff pain, dredging meridians, lactating juice, eliminating carbuncle and swelling, expelling pus and blood, dredging orifices and killing insects."
Continuation of Materia Medica: "Search for wind and remove dampness, clear away heat and detoxify."
7 Processing efficacy of vinegar nail tablets Pangolin is hard in texture, difficult to fry and break, and has a foul smell [1]. Most of them are not directly used as medicine [1].
Sand-frying with vinegar or sand-frying becomes brittle and easy to crush, and effective components are decocted to correct its fishy smell [1].
Vinegar nail tablets have strong lactation ability after menstruation and can be used for amenorrhea and galactorrhea [1]. For example, pangolin powder ("Gynecology Encyclopedia") and Yongquan Powder ("Health Care Bao"), which cannot treat menstruation; It can also be used to treat traumatic injury and blood stasis swelling and pain, such as Fuyuan Huoxue Decoction (medical invention) [1].
8 Study on the Processing of Pangolin Pangolin mainly contains protein and calcium, as well as essential amino acids and trace elements [1]. According to research reports, seven compounds have been isolated from pangolin, among which L- serine L- tyrosine dipeptide and D- serine L- tyrosine dipeptide are diastereomers, which were obtained from natural products for the first time and proved to have certain physiological activities [1]. Pangolin also contains 18 trace elements, and its aqueous solution contains 16 free amino acids [1].
8. Effect of 1 on chemical composition (1) The chemical composition of pangolin before and after processing is basically the same, but the contents of L- tyrosine dipeptide and D- tyrosine dipeptide after processing are significantly increased, which shows that processing has certain significance for enhancing drug efficacy [1].
(2) With protein as the index, the content of protein in processed pangolin decoction was significantly higher than that of raw pangolin [1]. This shows that pangolin is not only easy to be crushed after processing, but also the amount of decoction and dissolution in vitro are obviously increased, so the processed pangolin is reasonable for medicine [1].
(3) The decoctions of raw pangolin and different processed products were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of total extract, total protein and calcium were all vinegar-quenched products. Sand fried products > raw products [1]. Therefore, it is considered that the quality of vinegar-quenched products is the best, followed by sand-fried products, and raw products are not suitable for direct medicine [1].
8.2 Technological research (1) The experimental research shows that the fried pangolin pieces are uniform, the volume expansion is increased, the texture is more crisp, and the curative effect is improved [1]. The water-soluble extract in the decoction of processed products is obviously higher than that of sand scalding method, but the content of heavy metals is not higher than that of sand scalding method [1].
(2) Pangolin is processed by horizontal frying, and the temperature in the pan is about 120℃, which only takes 8 ~ 12 minutes, which can also meet the quality requirements of processed products [1].
(3) The sand temperature when processing pangolin is considered to be 230℃ ~ 250℃ by some experiments. The appearance of pangolin processed in this temperature range is good, and the decoction rate and protein content are high, but the protein content of vinegar nail tablets is slightly lower than that of Tangshan nail [1].
9 storage method of vinegar nail tablets