2 overview of burdock
Dali Zi is the name of traditional Chinese medicine, published as Yi Jian Health Prescription. It is an alias of burdock recorded in materia medica [1]. Popeye is the dried and mature fruit of Arctium lappa L. [2]. It is obovate, slightly flat, slightly curved, 5 ~ 7 mm long and 2 ~ 3 mm wide, with grayish brown surface, purple-black spots and several longitudinal edges, and usually the middle 1 ~ 2 is obvious. The top is blunt and round, slightly wide, with a ring at the top and a bit of style residue in the middle; The foundation is slightly narrow, and the face born is pale. The pericarp is hard, with 2 cotyledons, yellow-white, oily. Breathing is mild, bitter, slightly spicy, and the tongue is light and numb. Stir-fried burdock is slightly drum, dark gray, slightly shiny and slightly fragrant [2].
Popeye tastes hard and is cold [2][3]. Into the lung and stomach meridians [2][3]. It has the functions of dispelling wind and heat, dispersing lung qi and penetrating rash, removing toxic substances and relieving sore throat. Can be used for treating wind-heat common cold, cough with excessive phlegm, measles, rubella, urticaria, astringent rash, sore throat, parotitis, erysipelas and carbuncle. Raw Arctium lappa L. is good at dispersing wind and heat, detoxifying and resolving hard mass, and can be used for early onset of wind and temperature, swelling and pain of parotitis, swelling and ulceration of carbuncle [2]. Stir-fried burdock can relieve the cold and slippery nature, so as to avoid injury, and it is more fragrant and has better expectorant effect. He is good at detoxifying, penetrating rash, relieving sore throat and phlegm, and relieving cough. Used for measles, sore throat, wind-heat cough and asthma [2].
Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China (PRC) (20 10 edition) records the pharmacopoeia standard of this Chinese medicine.
3 Barley's aliases are Ershi, Burdock, Cattle Seed and Rat Paste [3].
The formula of Fructus Arctii is Fructus Arctii, malt, fried Fructus Arctii and fried malt [2].
The source of barley is the dried and mature fruit of Arctium lappa L. [2].
6 Popeye's origin Popeye is mainly produced in the northeast of China and Hebei and Zhejiang [3].
Chestnuts are mainly produced in Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang and Zhejiang.
The original plant of Popeye is a biennial herb with a height of 1 ~ 2m. The stem is erect, purplish, and the upper part is multi-branched. Basal leaves are clustered with large and long stalks; The stems and leaves are broadly ovoid or heart-shaped, 40 ~ 50 cm long and 30 ~ 40 ~ 50 cm wide, with microwave-like or fine teeth at the edge, heart-shaped at the base and densely white pubescent at the lower part. The heads are numerous and arranged in an umbrella shape; Involucre spherical, involucre lanceolate, with short hook at the apex; Flowers are red, and they are all tubular. Achenes are oval, angular, grayish brown, and the crown hairs are short bristles. The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruiting period is from July to August.
Born on the edge of ravines and forests, born on barren hills and grasslands; Well-bred.
8 Harvesting and primary processing of barley The fruit is harvested in autumn, dried, placed, impurities removed and then dried [2].
9. The pharmacognostical characteristics of highland barley are long obovate, slightly flat and slightly curved, 5 ~ 7 mm long and 2 ~ 3 mm wide ... The surface is grayish brown with purple-black spots and several longitudinal edges, usually 1 ~ 2 in the middle is more obvious. The top is blunt and round, slightly wide, with a ring at the top and a bit of style residue in the middle; The foundation is slightly narrow, and the face born is pale. The pericarp is hard, with 2 cotyledons, yellow-white, oily. Breathing is mild, bitter, slightly spicy, and the tongue is light and numb. (People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia (20 10 Edition))
The processing of 10 burdock is notorious in Shennong Herbal Classic [2].
Its processing was first seen in Lei Gong's "On Baking", "No matter what you do, you should pick it clean, don't get mixed, then steam it with wine, wipe it with cloth, then dry it, and don't pound it into powder" [2].
Stir-fry in the Tang Dynasty (Herbal Medicine for Dietotherapy) [2].
In the Song Dynasty, baking and wine steaming were added (Taiping Huimin and Hejiju Fang) [2].
During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there was a burning nature ("Confucianism and Taoism were similar") [2].
There are many processing methods in the Ming Dynasty, such as degreasing, baking (Puji recipe), boiling in water, drying in the sun, incense (criteria of syndrome differentiation and treatment), crisp frying (Jessica Hester Hsuan of surgery), steaming (Complete Works of Jingyue) and wine frying (required reading for doctors) [2].
The laws of the Qing Dynasty were basically the same as those of the previous dynasties [2].
Now the main processing methods are fried yellow and so on [2].
10. 1 processing method of fructus Arctii10.1./barley takes the original medicinal materials, and screens off the ash and impurities [2]. Mash it with time [2].
10.10.2 Stir-fry highland barley Take clean highland barley, put it in a stir-fry container, heat it with slow fire, stir-fry until it bulges, crackles, the cut surface is light yellow, and when a little aroma escapes, take it out [2]. Mash it with time [2].
10.2 the finished product is characterized by long inverted oval, slightly flat and slightly curved [2]. The surface is grayish brown with purple-black spots and several longitudinal edges [2]. The peel is hard and oily [2]. Bitter and slightly spicy but slightly numb [2].
Fried barley is slightly bulging, dark gray, slightly shiny and slightly fragrant [2].
The quality requirement of 10.3 is that the content of arctiin (C27H34O 1 1) in barley should not be less than 5.0%[2].
10.4 the processing efficacy of raw products is good at dispelling wind and clearing heat, detoxifying and dispersing stagnation [2]. Can be used for early onset of wind and temperature, parotitis swelling and pain, carbuncle swelling and ulceration [2]. Yinqiao powder, for example, began at the beginning of treating febrile diseases (syndrome differentiation of febrile diseases); Puji Disinfection Drink (Dongyuan Trial Prescription) for treating swelling and pain of mumps; Schizonepeta burdock decoction (a medical record) is used to treat sores, breast carbuncle with cold and heat symptoms [2].
After decoction, it can relieve the cold and slippery nature, so as to avoid injury, and it is more fragrant, with stronger expectorant effect, good at detoxifying, penetrating rash, relieving sore throat, resolving phlegm and relieving cough [2]. Used for measles, sore throat, wind-heat cough and asthma [2]. For example, Du Xuan published "Medical Zong Jin Jian" to treat measles soup with poor penetration; After frying, it can also kill enzymes and protect glycosides, which is beneficial to frying [2].
Storage method: 10.5 stored in a dry container, sealed in a ventilated and dry place [2]. Mothproof.
1 1 The sexual taste of barley belongs to meridians. The taste of barley is spicy, bitter and cold. Into the lung and stomach meridians [2][3].
12 efficacy and indications Barley has the functions of dispersing wind and heat, dispersing lung and penetrating rash, detoxifying and relieving sore throat [2].
Dali can dispel wind and penetrate rash, relieve sore throat and reduce swelling [3].
Dalizi treats wind-heat cold, cough, rash, sore throat, urticaria, mumps and carbuncle [3].
Morinda officinalis is used for wind-heat cold, cough with excessive phlegm, measles, rubella, sore throat, parotitis, erysipelas and carbuncle (China Pharmacopoeia (20 10 edition)).
Raw highland barley, good at dispersing wind and heat, detoxifying and resolving stagnation [2]. Can be used for early onset of wind and temperature, parotitis swelling and pain, carbuncle swelling and ulceration [2]. Yinqiao powder, for example, began at the beginning of treating febrile diseases (syndrome differentiation of febrile diseases); Puji Disinfection Drink (Dongyuan Trial Prescription) for treating swelling and pain of mumps; Schizonepeta burdock decoction (a medical record) is used to treat sores, breast carbuncle with cold and heat symptoms [2].
Stir-fried highland barley can relieve the cold and slippery nature, so as to avoid injury, and it is more fragrant, with stronger expectorant effect, good at detoxifying, penetrating rash, relieving sore throat, resolving phlegm and relieving cough [2]. Used for measles, sore throat, wind-heat cough and asthma [2]. For example, Du Xuan published "Medical Zong Jin Jian" to treat measles soup with poor penetration; After frying, it can also kill enzymes and protect glycosides, which is beneficial to frying [2].
Burdock stem and leaf soup is used as tea to treat breast carbuncle [3].
13 The chemical constituents of mangosteen fruit are arctiin, isoarctiin, Lappaol)A, B, C, D, E, etc. [3].
14 zhuru decoction has inhibitory effect on staphylococcus aureus in vitro [3].
Water immersion agent has inhibitory effect on many pathogenic fungi [3].
The extract can reduce blood sugar in rats [3].
Arctiin can cause vasodilation and blood pressure drop; Lead to animal convulsion and respiratory failure; Paralysis of motor nerves and skeletal muscles [3].
Usage and dosage of 15 barley: 4.5 ~ 9g [3].
16 Pharmacopoeia standard barley 16. 1 is called burdock.
Niubangzi
burdock
16.2 Source This product is the dried and mature fruit of Arctium lappa L. of Compositae. When the fruit is ripe in autumn, collect the fruit sequence, dry it, put the fruit, remove impurities and dry it again.
16.3 Features This product is long obovate, slightly flat and slightly curved, with a length of 5 ~ 7 mm and a width of 2 ~ 3 mm. The surface is grayish brown, with purple-black spots and several longitudinal edges, usually the middle 1 ~ 2 is more obvious. The top is blunt and round, slightly wide, with a ring at the top and a bit of style residue in the middle; The foundation is slightly narrow, and the face born is pale. The pericarp is hard, with 2 cotyledons, yellow-white, oily. Breathing is mild, bitter, slightly spicy, and the tongue is light and numb.
16.4 Identification (1) This product is taupe powder. The endocarp stone cell is slightly flat, with a pointed spindle, oblong or oval surface, 70-224 microns in length,13-70 microns in width, about 20μm microns in wall thickness, lignified and with transverse pits. Seen from the side, it looks like a rectangle or a strip, and it bends to the side. The cross section of reticular cells in mesocarp is polygonal, and the longitudinal wall is thickened with fine points. In the longitudinal section, the cells are elongated, and there are fine cross-reticular textures on the walls. The square crystals of calcium oxalate are 3 ~ 9 microns in diameter, and exist in the thin-walled cells of yellow mesocarp in sheet form, and the boundaries of crystal-containing cells are unclear. Cotyledon cells are full of aleurone particles, and some aleurone particles contain fine clusters and fat oil droplets.
(2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 20ml of ethanol, perform ultrasonic treatment for 30min, filter, evaporate the filtrate, and dissolve the residue with 2ml of ethanol as the test solution. In addition, 0.5g of Fructus Arctii was taken as the control medicinal material, and the control medicinal material solution was prepared by the same method. Then take arctiin reference substance and add ethanol to make a solution containing 5mg per kloc-0/ml as reference substance solution. According to the thin-layer chromatography test, take 3μl of test solution, 3 μ l of control medicinal material solution and 5μl of control medicinal material solution, respectively, and spot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, with chloroform-methanol-water (40: 8: 1) as developing agent, unfold, take out, dry, spray 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, spray/spray. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatograms of the reference medicinal materials and the reference substance.
16.5 Check that the moisture content of 16.5. 1 shall not exceed 9.0% (appendix ⅸ H first method).
16.5.2 the total ash content shall not exceed 7.0% (appendix ⅸ k).
Determination of 16.6 by HPLC.
16.6. 1 chromatographic conditions and system applicability test: octadecylsilane bonded silica gel is used as filler; The mobile phase is methanol-water (1: 1. 1). The detection wavelength is 280 nm. The theoretical plate number should be no less than 1500 according to the arctiin peak.
16.6.2 preparation of reference substance solution: take a proper amount of arctiin reference substance, weigh it accurately, and add methanol to make a solution containing 0.5mg per 1ml.
16.6.3 preparation of test solution take about 0.5g of this product powder (pass through No.3 sieve), weigh it accurately, put it in a 50ml volumetric flask, add about 45m 1 methanol, perform ultrasonic treatment (power 150W, frequency 20khz) for 20min, let it cool, add methanol to the scale, and shake well.
16.6.4 determination method accurately absorb 10μl control solution and test solution respectively, inject them into liquid chromatograph, and determine.
This product contains arctiin (C27H340 1 1) not less than 5.0%.
16.7 burdock pieces 16.7. 1 processing 16.7. 1 burdock to remove impurities, clean and dry. Mash it with time.
16.7. 1. 1 characteristics, identification, inspection and content determination are the same as those of the medicinal materials.
16.7. 1.2 Stir-fry Fructus Arctii, wash Fructus Arctii, and stir-fry according to the frying method (Appendix II D) until it is slightly swollen and fragrant. Mash it with time.
This product is shaped like burdock, dark in color and slightly raised. Slightly fragrant.
16.7.1.2.1Check moisture? The same medicinal material shall not exceed 7.0%.
16.7. 1.2.2 Identification and inspection (total ash) are the same as those of the medicinal materials.
The content determination of 16.7. 1.2.3 is the same as that of medicinal materials.
16.7.2 Sexual taste and meridian tropism: bitter, bitter and cold. Enter the lung and stomach meridians.
16.7.3 Functions and indications: expelling wind and clearing heat, dispersing lung qi and penetrating rash, removing toxic substances and relieving sore throat. Used for wind-heat cold, cough with excessive phlegm, measles, rubella, sore throat, parotitis, erysipelas and carbuncle.
16.7.4 Usage and dosage 6 ~ 12g.
16.7.5 stored in a ventilated and dry place.
16.8 Source