1. The fetal bones of porcelain from the Xianfeng to Xuantong dynasties are basically similar, and their fetal quality is not as good as that of the Jiayuan and Daoist dynasties. At this time, the fetal texture becomes more and more loose, and the fetal bones become thicker accordingly.
2. Starting from the Xianfeng period, the porcelain glaze gradually became thicker, and the porcelain glaze and the fetal bone were not tightly combined. As a result, the phenomena of "wavy glaze" and "orange peel glaze" were more serious than those in the Jiayuan and Daoist periods.
3. Bubbles and deglazing often appear on the glaze of porcelain. The white glaze is not as white as Jia and Daoshi, and gradually turns into white with a hint of gray.
4. The kiln turned to red glaze, and there were major changes at this time. The blue and purple spots on the glaze become less and less, while the area of ??red color becomes more and more, and some even become almost completely red, and the blue and purple spots are almost invisible. By the time of Guangxu and Xuantong, another kiln-changing red glaze composed of red and black appeared. The evolution process of kiln red glaze is: Yongzheng period was more blue than red; during Qianlong period, it was less blue than red; during Jia and Dao period, it was more red than blue; after Xianfeng period, it became basically all red; to Guangxu and Xuantong periods It is composed of two colors: red and black.
5. The color of blue and white has only 1 to 2 levels. At the end of Tongzhi, a kind of blue and purple blue and white appeared. After Tongzhi, there were fewer piles of pink and blue flowers. At this time, the pile of pink under the blue and white was extremely thin and light in color.
6. During the period from Xianfeng to Xuantong, pastels underwent significant changes. The material of pastel changes from fine to rough, and the color of pastel changes from rich to light.
①During the Xianfeng and Tongzhi periods, the content of pastel was relatively high and the color powder was thicker. Moreover, fine pastel objects were often painted with gold color, so the pastel was very gorgeous at this time;
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②During the Guangxu and Xuantong periods, the powder content of pastels was reduced and the powder was very light.
7. Ruancai appeared in the late Tongzhi period. It became more popular during the Guangxu and Xuantong periods. Soft-color utensils are only found in folk kilns, and soft-color utensils have not yet been seen in palace kilns.
8. Watercolor appeared in the late Guangxu period. This color does not contain powder, has the characteristics of thin color material and light color. It is a color used on Xuantong porcelain in the late Guangxu period.
9. The decorations are mainly paintings, but the paintings are becoming more and more sloppy, lack of organization, and are not very vivid or exquisite. The painted figures are relatively dull and lifeless. Paintings of flowers, birds, and animals lack life and liveliness.
10. Most of the decorations in official kilns are meticulous paintings and regular pattern paintings; most of the decorations in folk kilns are freehand paintings. Soft color freehand painting was popular in the late Tongzhi and Guangxu periods, and the drawings were from famous painters such as Shen Shitian, Tang Liuru, Xinluo Shanren, and Bada Shanren in the Ming and Qing dynasties, but the paintings were very different.
11. At this time, the decorations also included the Five Lun Pictures, the Twenty-Four Filial Piety Pictures, Sima Guang's jar, Zhu Xi's motto on family governance, five sons passing the imperial examination, number one scholar and his younger brother, immediate title, three-star people, fortune, wealth and longevity, etc.
12. The themes of paintings include: figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, butterflies, lions, animals, cloud bats, dragon clouds, dragons and phoenixes, cabbage, three fruits, eight treasures, eight trigrams, Bogu, bells and tripods, and nine peaches. , twining lotus, twining peony, crotch flower, happiness, longevity, etc.
13. The word "happiness" in the decoration was extremely popular in the Wei Feng, Tongzhi and Guangxu periods. This characteristic of the blue and white double happiness character was expressed in different ways in several periods.
①In the Xianfeng period, the font of the character Double Happiness was written more neatly and the strokes were thinner
②In the Tongzhi period, the font of the character Double Happiness was not neatly written and the strokes were thin. The road gradually became wider;
③During the Guangxu period, the writing of Double Happiness was extremely irregular. Not only did the strokes become wider, but the font also became blurred.
14. The earrings of this period mainly include: lion ears, animal ears, elephant ears, tiger ears, etc.
15. Colored ground paintings, colored ground consecrations, colored ground rolling tracks and patterns such as green lining and green background are not very popular anymore.
16. During the Xianfeng and Tongzhi periods, iron flower decoration was particularly popular on Ge porcelain, but was less popular during the Guangxu period.
17. During the Guangxu and Tongzhi periods, the pattern decoration of Xiaoji and Xiaobogu was more popular.
18. The golden characters "xi" and "double happiness" were more popular during the Tongzhi period.
19. During the Guangxu and Xuantong periods, flowers arranged by Dabogu, bells and tripods, school flowers, wealthy whiteheads, and goddesses scattered flowers were more common.
20. From Xianfeng to Xuantong, except for a small part of the porcelain that was more finely made, most of the utensils became thicker than those of the previous dynasties, and were not as detailed as those of Yongzheng and Qianlong. The shapes of the utensils during this period were also different from those before. Various types of furnishings such as bottles and statues are reduced, and most of the utensils are practical items for daily life, such as bile bottles, celestial sphere bottles, string bottles, general jars, porridge jars, bird food jars, incense burners, fish tanks, flower pots, Narcissus basin, wash basin, first-class pot, holding joint, joint joint, oil joint, tie bucket, kettle, seal joint, pen washer, pen holder, hat holder, teapot, tea bowl, tea can, wine warmer, wine cup, plate, saucer , buckle bowls, soup spoons, tobacco bottles, porcelain pillows, embroidered piers, hanging screens, as well as three-star people, eight immortals, Guanyin people, etc. By the Tongzhi, Guangxu, and Xuantong periods, utensils such as gall bottles, tea cans, hat tubes, teapots, tea bowls, and sets of plates and bowls were more popular. There are not only 150 pieces, 300 pieces, 500 pieces of bile bottles, but also 1000 pieces of earth bottles.
21. After the middle period of Guangxu, it became popular to imitate various shapes of utensils from the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong periods, including blue and white, multicolored, pastel and one-glazed utensils. However, the imitations are not as good as the genuine ones. resemblance.
22. During the Wei Feng period, most of the artifacts in official and private kilns were blue and white or red in color, mainly in regular script, without borders, and with six characters of "Xianfeng Year of the Qing Dynasty" Two lines of regular script inscriptions with regular fonts, seal script inscriptions are extremely rare. Most of the folk kiln wares are without models.