This entry refers to China Chess. For chess or general chess in other places, please refer to chess (disambiguation). Chess is a traditional two-player chess game in China. Others are similar to chess and general chess. To distinguish it from chess, it is also called China Chess, which is mainly popular in China and the Asia-Pacific region. The origin of historical chess has not been verified. The following are several sayings: chess developed from Liubo, introduced to India, developed into Chaturanga, and merged with chess to develop into today's chess and chess. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the late Emperor Wu of the Zhou Dynasty created the "Xiang Jing" with the image of the sun, the moon and the stars, hence the name of chess. Legend has it that ancient chess pieces were mostly made of ivory, so they were called chess. Chess is named after elephants, and Indian elephants were introduced to China because it is said that chess was invented in India. The Yellow Emperor fought against Chiyou, driving away animals and thinking about the array; Elephant is the hero of beasts, and elephant war is the battle of military strategists. Among them, the view that the name of chess originated from Liu Boqi's plays is most recognized by the Chinese people: "Chu Ci evokes the soul" has: "There are six treasures in chess; Go hand in hand with Cao, forcing each other; Ask for it as a owl and call it five whites. " In Shuo Yuan, Zi Zhou said, "One step is Wang Qian, and Yan Dou Qi dances Zheng Nv. According to the above, Liu Boqi had spread among the nobles during the Warring States Period, and began to call Liu Boqi as chess. However, from Liu Bo to chess, only ancient books mentioned it from beginning to end, and there is no substantial archaeological evidence to prove this. As for the birthplace, at present, China and Indian versions are more credible, and the two versions are quite different. The first reason is that the ancient communication between China and the West (or between China and neighboring countries) is rarely studied by historical materials. Another reason is that many people in China are eager that chess was invented by China, so they all look for favorable evidence based on this view. (Todo: Qin, Han, Sui and Tang chess? The form of modern chess began to take shape at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, with 32 pieces, a chessboard with a river boundary, and the generals stayed in Jiugong. After that, chess became more popular, and many literati loved it, and chess players became a profession. However, the closest thing to modern China chess was the early Ming Dynasty, when the size of the chessboard was set at nine vertical and ten horizontal. The chess board consists of nine straight lines and ten horizontal lines. Chess pieces are placed at the intersection of lines and move on the lines. The line in the middle of the chessboard, without drawing a straight line, is called "river boundary" and is usually marked with the words "Chu River and Han boundary", which originates from the gap between Chu and Han. At present, the Chinese recording method is: nine straight lines, the red edge is represented by Chinese characters "1" to "9" from right to left, and the black edge is represented by numbers "1" to "9" from right to left. In other words, the red line "1" is the black line "9" and so on. The fourth straight line (or the sixth straight line) and the sixth straight line (or the fourth straight line) are referred to as "two ribs" and "two rib lines" for short. On the chessboard, diagonal lines cross to form a "meter"-shaped square, one on each side, referred to as "Nine Palace Square", which is the activity area for generals/commanders and soldiers. Win or lose in general chess, as long as one side is "dying" or "trapped" or gives up voluntarily, the other side can win. The definition of death and trapped death is: one side's chess pieces attack the other side's generals, ready to be eaten next, called or generals, or Jiang for short. The party attacked by the general must move the general or other chess pieces to solve it. What do you mean immortal? One side has no children to go, and the general is eaten as soon as he moves. This is called being trapped to death. In addition to the above general situation, there are other ways to decide the outcome of the game, such as overtime, foul and so on. TODO symbol of chess rules The coordinates on the China symbol board are 1, 2, …, 9 straight lines from right to left for each player. China notation generally uses four words to record the movement of chess pieces. The word 1 is the name of the chess piece. Such as "horse" or "car". The second word is a number indicating the straight line (road) where the chess piece is located. The red side uses China numbers, and the black side uses * * * numbers. When there are two similar pieces on the same road, use "front" and "back" to distinguish them. See note 1. See Note 2 for the difference between more than three "soldiers" or "pawns" on the same road. The third word indicates the moving direction of the chess piece: horizontal, forward and backward. Sometimes you can use "up" and "down" instead of "forward" and "backward". The fourth word is the number of the straight line (road) where the chess piece ends when it is horizontal or inclined; Or the number of steps taken when going straight forward and backward. (For example, "gun two leveled five" means that the red gun moves horizontally from the second road to the fifth road; " Horse 8 into 7 "means that the dark horse advances from 8 to 7." Note 1: When one side has two cars, horses, artillery and soldiers on the same line, it should be distinguished by "front" or "rear". At this time, the second word will be changed to the name of the chess piece: for example, "the front horse retreats to six" (indicating that the red horse in front retreats to six in a straight line) and "the rear gun is flat four" (indicating that the black gun in the back moves to four in a straight line). There is no need to judge before and after, because even in the same straight line, they can know which one to move by the third word (advance and retreat). Note 2: As for the situation that three identical pieces are on the same line (only rank is possible), it is called "middle", for example, "the middle soldier equals three". When many soldiers and soldiers are in a straight line, this symbol has its shortcomings. (See Tan Annotation's comments on traditional annotations). However, because the situation of four or five soldiers on one line is unique in actual combat (except for the arrangement of troops), few people regard it as a formal discussion. If the notation only includes the middle game or the end game, and it is the black side's turn to go at the beginning, then the red side will be marked with ellipsis. China notation is an example. The following is a relatively complete example, which records the first three steps of China cannon Feng Ping Ma against Sanbuhu: the number of steps is red and black, 1. The cannon is two-stage, five horses, eight in, eight in, three guns, eight in, seven cars, nine in and eight in. Western symbols convert Chinese symbols into English letters and numbers. The names of various pieces are Wang Shuai,
Instead, they are A (aiding the evil), E (elephant-elephant), H (horse-horse), R (car-car), C (cannon-cannon) and P (pawn-soldier). Replace "Ping" with "=" or "; "Advance", "retreat", "front" and "back" are replaced by "+"and "-"respectively. An example of western notation: Ma 2 into 3(H2+3): Ma Xiangqian on the second straight line turns left again and goes to the third straight line (R 1+ 1): the red square on the first straight line (that is, the rightmost one) takes a step forward and then draws a flat 4 (c-=).
Mongolian chess has the same roots as the popular chess, and it has a strong flavor of Mongolian national life. Now, this grassland cultural treasure that has been passed down for thousands of years is in urgent need of protection and development, and should be declared as a national intangible cultural heritage as soon as possible. On August 25th, researcher Shen Changwei, who has been engaged in Mongolian chess research for many years, told the reporter. According to Shen Changwei, the prototype of Mongolian chess is the "Chatulanga" four-person game in ancient India, which has a history of more than 2,000 years. /kloc-It was brought to the northern grassland of China by the ancient Persians in the 3rd century and evolved into Mongolian chess. By the middle of the13rd century, Mongolian chess was listed as an important competition in Nadam Congress, and Genghis Khan often played chess with his soldiers in his spare time. In the 6th century,15-/kloc-0, "Chatulanga" was translated into "Chastelain" and introduced to Europe, becoming a popular chess game in the world. Until today, there are many similarities between Mongolian chess and chess in the placement and release of chess pieces. Mongolian chess blends into the flavor of grassland life. For example, carve the "king" into the image of a Mongolian prince or shepherd riding a horse, and replace the "elephant" with a camel. Shen Changwei believes that Mongolian chess is the only China chess with western characteristics and distinctive Mongolian cultural characteristics, but its development prospect is not optimistic at present. There is no monograph at the autonomous region level, and there are fewer and fewer teenagers learning Mongolian chess, and there are fewer outstanding young players.
Reference: Discussion/Archiver/? tid-2206868
Chess has a long history in China. Chu Ci, a cultural masterpiece in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. "Evocation" has: "There are six things in chess.