Yunnan Huo Mongolian people 2008-10-03 20:11 The main distribution areas of the Mongolian people in Yunnan are Tonghai, Xichou, Malipo, Maguan, Xianshan, Wenshan and Anning counties. The surnames are "Huo", "Huo", "Yu", "Ma" and others. Among them, there are 101 Huo households with about 700 people, concentrated in Xisa in Xichou, Tiechang and Babu in Malipo, Dulong in Maguan, Wenshan County and its vicinity. Before liberation, due to the ethnic oppression policies implemented by the ruling authorities, the Mongolian people in Yunnan were also bullied and went through many hardships. They did not even dare to truthfully express their ethnic identity, so they had to change their name to Han. After liberation, the glory of the party's ethnic policies shone brightly across the land of the motherland. All ethnic minorities across the country enjoyed ethnic equality, and the state respected the freedom of ethnic minority members to correctly express their ethnic identity. With the care and help of the party and the government, the Mongolian people in Yunnan have finally restored their ethnic identity, and the Mongolians are no exception.
The Huo surname in southern Yunnan is a surname among the Mongolian people. In 1984, the People's Government of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture officially approved the restoration of the ethnic identity of 101 households in the prefecture from Han to Mongolian. When the news came, men, women, old and young were all overjoyed and celebrated with brows and hands.
According to the inscriptions on the tombstones of many Mongolians with the surname Huo in Xishun County and Yanshan County, Wenshan Prefecture and the records in the county annals of these two counties, the ancestors of the Mongolians with the surname Huo did not follow the army of Kublai Khan and Ji Liang. Came to Yunnan. They entered Yunnan much later, already after Zhu Yuanzhang's demise in Yuen Long, more than a hundred years after Kublai Khan and Chun Liang joined forces to conquer Yunnan.
In 1279, exactly twenty-six years after the Mongolian troops pacified Yunnan, Kublai Khan destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty, established the Yuan Dynasty, and proclaimed himself the emperor and ascended the throne as the founder of the Yuan Dynasty. Among the generals who accompanied Kublai Khan on his southern expedition, there were members of the Hu surname from Wuwei County. They were originally from Tatanli, Mongolia (in today's Qinghai Province). Among the descendants of the generals named Dianhu at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there was a man named Hudu Songmuer, who lived in Zhuzi Lane, Shuiximen, Nanjing. In 1368, after Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed the Yuan Dynasty and established the Ming Dynasty regime, he vigorously purged the old Yuan Dynasty tribes and implemented retaliatory and Han chauvinist oppressive policies against the Mongolian people. Fortunately, Timur and his family in Hudu escaped from the disaster because his grandfather An was an official in the central government of Qingming Dynasty and he vigorously guaranteed the purchase. Although Timur, the capital of tigers, was not clarified and suppressed, and was even retained by the central government of the Ming Dynasty, he was troubled by the feudal superstition of the Ming Dynasty rulers, who believed that tigers would eat pigs. "Pig" has the same pronunciation as "Zhu", and it was disrespectful to the Ming Dynasty to reuse Timur in the tiger capital. Therefore, he was still politically discriminated against and it was difficult for him to continue to serve as an official in the court. In the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), Timur, the tiger capital, was forced to leave Nanjing with Taiwei Shenbao and 300 people, including big and small leaders, and went to the Zhou capital of Datong, Shanxi to command the general banner of the Datong avant-garde and the Tongwei village. But he and his family still cannot escape the fate of being discriminated against and attacked. Afterwards, after An Mou interceded with the emperor many times, the Ming court ordered the continued reuse of Timur in the tiger capital, but the prerequisites were: 1. He must be loyal to the court and must not participate in the anti-Lang activities of the remaining forces of Yuanrong. 2. From this point on, When a family changes their surname, they are no longer allowed to have the surname "Hu". Tamerlane, the capital of Hu, was overjoyed and was grateful to the Emperor of Tomorrow. He readily accepted any future. Speaking of loyalty to the Ming court, from the tiger capital Timur himself to his queen, he was indeed loyal and dedicated to the Zhu dynasty. As for changing the surname, there is no problem. After repeated discussions with the whole family, the surname "Tiger" was changed to the surname "Huo". In order to repay the kindness of his grandfather An for rescuing him many times, Nianmu'er, the capital of Hudu, said that in addition to the surname "Huo", the family also had the surname "An". This is the reason why the Huosheng Mongols in Yunnan today also have the surname An.
In the fourteenth year of Hongwu (1381), the Ming army marched into Yunnan. At that time, the person who unified central Yunnan was the King of Liang. Before setting off, it was considered that the enemy was mainly the Mongolian army. The Ming army did not understand the Mongolian language and customs of the Mongols, so they considered reusing those old Yuan and Mongolian generals who had sincerely surrendered, so that they could fully play their role in recruiting rebels and disintegrating the Yuan army. Timur, the capital of fire, was the most ideal candidate for the Ming court. That year, Zhu Yuanqiong sent three generals, Fu Youde, Lan Yu and Chengying, to lead an army of 300,000 into Liang and appointed Tie Shui'er from Huodu to accompany the army to Yunnan. This is the historical background of Timur's entry into the capital of fire. According to historical facts, there are very clear written records on the tombstones of the Mongolian people in five counties, including Malipo, Wenshan Prefecture. According to the records of Huo Renjia of the Five Counties, after the pacification of Yunnan, the Ming court specially appointed Pamu'er as the guard of Lin'an in southern Yunnan in view of his meritorious service in helping to pacify Yunnan. Soon after, he was transferred to Tonghai as the guard. The family then settled down to the sea. In the nineteenth year of Hongwu (1386), the Ming court restored the hereditary hundred-household ministry of Timur in the Fire Capital. In the 23rd year of Hongwu (1405), he was promoted to the hereditary Zhaoxin school captain in charge of thousands of military households. In the sixth year of Yongle (1409), he died of illness while he was in office in Tonghai. The tombstone and genealogy of Huo's surname are also recorded in the county annals of Xiling and Yanshan counties. So far, no Mongolians with the Huo surname have been found in Yunnan before Huodu Timur entered Yunnan. Therefore, it is reasonable to say that Huodu Timur is the first generation ancestor of the Mongolians in Yunnan.
Since then, generations of Mongolians with the surname Huo have been officials in the local government of Yunnan in the Ming Dynasty, and all official positions are hereditary. They were all loyal to the Ming Dynasty and contributed greatly to the Ming Dynasty's rule of Yunnan. Among them, the eighth generation ancestor Huo Dingding died on the battlefield in the ninth year of Chongji (1636). He was praised by the Ming court and his surviving relatives were favorably compensated by the Ming court.
However, after the fall of the Ming Dynasty in 164d, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty who took over China had no good impression of the Mongolians with the surname Huo who had been loyal to the Ming court for generations, and the Mongols with the surname Huo were unwilling to serve in the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, throughout the two hundred years of Qing rule, the Mongols with the surname Huo never received the kind of political privileges they had received during the Ming rule, and they basically relied on farming as their occupation. This can be clearly seen from the family surname Chui. In the 39th year of Qianlong's reign (1774), Huo Chengnan, the younger brother of Huo Tianya, the thirteenth ancestor, moved from Tonghai to Tanke in Yanshan Mountain. He added the word "fire" next to people and officially changed "fire" to "huo". According to According to family language, this was to make his surname more elegant, and the surname "Huo" is still used today. , Shi, Wen, Tian, ??Chao. Wan, Xin, Fu, Guo, An, Bang, Ding, Tai, Ping. "Most of the current Huo surname members are from the Fu, Guo, and An generations. Those members of the Huo surname in Tonghai who did not follow Huo Tianchang and the Huo Chengnan brothers lived alone in Yanshan, Tudai still lived in Tonghai Huojiaying until Today, they have kept their original surname "Huo" and have not changed it to "Huo". According to reports, there are also several Mongolian families with the surname Huo living in Nanjing, who are descendants of Timur and Tonghai. The Mongolians with the surname Huo and the Mongolians with the surname Huo in Xiangwen Shanzhou should be from the same family.
In the late years of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty, Huo Shiming, the 15th generation ancestor, moved his relatives from Yanshan Tanke to Malipo Iron Factory and Babu. Later, some of his descendants lived in Xichou and Xisha from this area. During the Republic of China, some members of the gang moved from the above places to Dulong and Wenshan counties in Maguan, which is today's Wenshan Prefecture. The reason why Mongolians with the surname Huo are all used in the five counties is recorded in detail in the genealogy of Huo.
It is understood that the population distribution of Huo is: Malipo Iron Works, Guangao. , 38 households with 241 people; Maliponaden, 2 households with 13 people; Xichou Xisa, 48 households with 391 people; Maguandulong, 7 households with 36 people; Wenshan County and its surroundings, 5 households with 17 people .
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