Regarding the extinction and migration of Chu, Historical Records of Chu Family has been lost. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics (Volume 35) said: "The river flows to the east of Yanzhou County, so it is in the south of the city, and Chu Xuanwang destroyed it, so it moved here, so it is called Yanzhou." Almost all the chronicles and papers handed down to this day by later generations follow the theory of Li and Zhu, arguing that Chu Xuanwang (who died in 340 BC) died and emigrated! It is too late to say that this is from the mouth of the Northern Wei Dynasty. In particular, the so-called Chu Xuanwang's theory of annihilating Xinjiang is inconsistent with the description of Chu's history of expanding Xinjiang in Historical Records and Warring States Policy, and also with those statements that cite ancient historical materials from pre-Qin to Jin and Song Dynasties to exterminate Xinjiang and emigrate, so many historians have refused to accept it since ancient times. In fact, Chu Xuanwang's Eradicating the Grass is not the original text of Li Daoyuan in the Northern Wei Dynasty, but it is probably a misinformation copied by later generations. Because the northern Wei Dynasty's "Lizhu" had not appeared when it was published, and the book was not a Confucian classic, it has been circulated in manuscripts for a long time, and there were no rare copies in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Therefore, the author pointed out in front that the word "Xuan" in Song's annotation "Chu Xuanwang was destroyed" is actually a word [2]! However, it does not mean that Chu Xuanwang's theory of the destruction of Chu is only seen in official history. For example, the Zouxian article in Hanshu Geography says that "the 29th century was destroyed by Chu"; The inscription of Mencius by Zhao Qi, a native of the Han Dynasty, said: "Zou, the country of Zhuizi in the Spring and Autumn Period ... was merged by Chu." There are also records of Chu extinction in Wang Fu's On Hidden Husband and Ying Shao's Custom Pass. Du Yu (222-285), a native of the Three Kingdoms to the early Jin Dynasty, was also called Zhu in the genealogy of Spring and Autumn Annals. The above five schools are not far from ancient times, and there must be evidence of Chu's extinction, such as historical materials of the pre-Qin period, such as world books and spy books. In the Qing Dynasty, Qin Jiamo sorted out the Poems of the Pre-Qin period from Guang Yun of the Song Dynasty, in which it was recorded that "Zhu Shuli's essays were later sealed in Zhu and destroyed by Chu" [1] is evidence.
As for the migration of Chu, it was first seen in the historical records of the Western Jin Dynasty. For example, the Jin Tai Ji said that "Chu destroyed Zhu and moved people to the south of the Yangtze River (public press: the ancients called Huai River the south of the Yangtze River), because of the famous county." (See Historical Records and Biography of Emperor Gaozu) People quoted the Book of Jin as saying, "Chu destroyed Zhu and moved to this city." Coupled with the Northern Wei Dynasty's Notes on Water Classics, from the Western Jin Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, all four local chronicles advocated the theory of Chu migration.
2. When did Chu move to Shandong and Zhu?
Mr. He Quanzhai in our city once publicly questioned the theory of destroying Zhu from a historical perspective: Wei called the "Fengze Conference" to attend the meeting. "This is the first 344 years of four years after death, which proves that Zhu has not been destroyed" [3]! Unfortunately, Mr. He made a common-sense mistake when calculating BC: Chu Xuanwang died in 340, and the Huize Meeting was held four years before Chu Xuanwang's death, not four years after his death. Of course, the possibility that Chu Xuanwang will be wiped out in the last four years cannot be ruled out! Mr. He also proved that "according to Records of the Historian Tian's Family, the fifteenth year of the King (the first 286 years)" was due to the invasion of Chu and Huai in the south and the invasion of Sanjin in the west, which led to the fact that "the ministers, merchants, and princes all belonged to", to prove that the State of Qi still existed in the first 286 years [3]. However, Tian He in Historical Records and Chronology of Six Kingdoms clearly set this hegemony in the thirty-eighth year of King Qi Zhuo, not 15. Modern scholars believe that due to the lack of historical materials of the Warring States, Historical Records made mistakes against warring states for many years, especially those of Wei Hetian. Although there are many modifications, there are great differences. There is even a saying that the King of Qi reigned for only six years. It seems that after the demise of the Song Dynasty, "the ruler of Zou Lu became a vassal" was a year's event, which needs further study, so it is advisable not to mention it for the time being. In fact, the year clearly recorded in Historical Records of Chu Family is the eighteenth year of Chu Emperor, which is the first 28 1 year (five years later than the first 286 years he wanted to prove). When the Chu people talked about the twelve princes in Four, they especially mentioned four small countries: Four, Flying, Brave and Pi. In the same year, an emissary from Zhou Nanwang suggested that the King of Chu mention the representatives of twelve vassal states in Si. It has been nearly 60 years since Chu Xuanwang died. Note: In ancient books, Zhu in the ancient kingdom is often written as Zou, or Zhu Note 2. If you advocate changing Zhu to Zou or Zhu, it is not Zhu, which goes against common sense and is not worth mentioning!
When did Chu perish? Because Zhu Ben's small country had little influence after entering the Warring States Period, not only the Records of Chu Family was lost, but also the Chronicle of Six Kingdoms did not reflect it, while the major events of Lu State were still recorded in the Chu column of the Chronicle of Six Kingdoms. In view of the fact that Guo was a vassal state of Lu from Xizhi to the early Spring and Autumn Period, which was intertwined with the territory of Lu, many people today infer the year of Lu's demise. Mr. He Hao, in the national examination, Chu was destroyed: Lu was destroyed in the seventh year of King Kao Lie of Chu (the first 256 years), and Zhu was destroyed in the second year of King Kao Lie of Chu (the first 26 1-256 years) [4]P 12- 13, He Haojiang. Mr. He believes that "the extinction of Chu should be between 26 1 and 12 in the first 249 years" [3], but he did not explain the reasons for the upper and lower limits of the extinction period. In fact, the upper limit of He Wen's extinction is the same as that of He Hao, and the lower limit seems to have been broken in the year when Chu Lujun died. Neither of them has set a specific time limit for destroying Lu. However, according to the Chronicle of Six Kingdoms, Chu Gaolie took Lu in eight years, and Lu Jun was sealed in Ju. ... fourteen years after Chu destroyed Lu, he moved to Bian as his home and sacrificed it. That is to say, King Gao Lie of Chu experienced two forms of destroying Lu: ① occupying the country and driving the king: in the first 255 years, Wang "captured Lu" and took the whole territory of Lu, moving the Lu army to the giant; (2) Sacrificing lujun: Six years later, in the first 249 years, Lu Qing, who was sealed in Cheng Ju, was demoted to Shu Ren (the so-called family). Most of the ancient historical materials show that the former was the year when Lu destroyed the country, but some of the latter was also the year when Lu destroyed the country. For example, "History of Han Dynasty" said that Wang Xiang of Qin Zhuang "destroyed Lu in the first year, and Qing Gong became his home". The first year of Xiang Wang in Qinzhuang was 14, which was 249 years before Lu Jun was abolished as Shu Ren. The author thinks that when Chu destroyed Lu, that is, the whole territory of Lu fell into Chu. In the first 249 years, it only cancelled the title of Lu Qing's official moving to the emperor as the monarch, which has nothing to do with the actual survival of Lu, and has nothing to do with the removal! Historical Records Chronicle of Six Kingdoms and Biography of Spring both recorded that Huang Xie was the prime minister in the first year of Chu Kaoliae, and the latter also said that "Spring was in the eighth year of Chu, which was the year of Chu's northern expedition to destroy Lu", which means that Chu Kaoliae's northern expedition destroyed Lu in the eighth year, that is, Lu was taken from the Chronicle of Six Kingdoms as the year of Chu's destruction of Lu! Zhou Ji is a mirror of Zizhi, also known as "Chu people moved to seize the land, and noted the death of Lu". It can be seen that the time of Chu's destruction of Lu does not need to be expressed by the annual interval, but can be specific to the first 255 years.
A large area of land in Shandong and even Huaibei was occupied by Chu, and Guo's death was caused by the geopolitical situation of the war. First, from the border between Lu and Lu, it is said that in the Spring and Autumn Period, the public was lost, and the legend left that "Lu attacked and heard Zou". Then it is inevitable that King Chukauli will destroy Lu and the country he has heard of in eight years. Secondly, judging from the fact that Chu occupied the land north of Huai River and Huai River, Qi State and Ju State in the eastern boundary of Zhu and Lu were destroyed by Chu's peace. Its southern and southwestern borders were once occupied by Song and Qi, and the land of Surabaya in Huaibei (including Teng, Xue and Cao, who were closely related to Lu) was divided by Chu when the Song died and Qi destroyed Yan. Even the neighboring countries closest to Shu, namely Guo Fei in the east, Xiaoguo in the south and Guo in the southwest, were destroyed during the seven years of Chu Gaolie's reign.
In addition, during the Western Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the four local chronicles said that Chu destroyed Zhu and moved to Han County, which is exactly the same as the way that Chu Gaolie moved from Lu to Lu Jun to Ju in eight years. Therefore, on this basis, combined with the geographical situation of Chu's northern expedition, it can be reasonably inferred that Zhu and Lu destroyed Chu in the same year and migrated in the same year.
3. When were Zhucheng built? Probably, the capital was destroyed by the state of Chu.
As for Zhucheng, was it built after Zhu Jun moved here, or is there an ancient city? Some local scholars claimed that there used to be a city here, but Li Jun didn't move to it. Who is the earliest predecessor of Huangzhou City? Worth studying. Since the seal of moving Chu is an example of imitating the seal of moving Chu to seal Lu Jun in Jucheng, it should also be moved to an abandoned ancient city instead of being placed in the wilderness. However, before Li Jun moved, what was the name of the city? There is no clear statement about the historical materials of the Warring States period. The author speculates that it is probably the city of string countries destroyed by Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period! Can be investigated from the following three aspects:
1. Moved from Chu to seal Lu Jun in Ju, which is the capital of Ju, and Ju was destroyed by Chu, so Chu moved to seal Lu Jun's city should also be the capital of a ruined country. Zhucheng site is on the bank of Jiangbei, and Chu Guo Xian is on the bank of Jiangbei. Therefore, Li Jun probably moved to the capital city of Yuanxian.
3. From the point of view that the time when Zhucheng was destroyed in Guo Xian and Guo Xian coincides with the time when Chu culture appeared in the archaeological excavation in eastern Hubei. The author once verified that the border of Heizi in the Spring and Autumn Period was on both sides of the middle and lower reaches of Bahe River in Huanggang City [6], and Chu moved west less than 40 miles from Bahe River, in the original string country. According to archaeological excavations, many archaeologists and Chu history experts agree that in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Jiangbei and eastern Hubei were dominated by Yue culture and influenced by Central Plains culture, but there was no Chu culture. After the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, Chu culture gradually occupied a dominant position in northeastern Hubei. In the second half of the early spring and autumn period, Chu destroyed the string country, which just opened the door to the development of Chu culture in Jiangbei and eastern Hubei, which coincided with the age of Chu tombs excavated in eastern Hubei.
3. After the destruction of the country, it is all the string cities of Chu, and the general direction is consistent with Zhucheng. More than 40 years after Chu destroyed the country of Chu1year ago, Zuo Gong 3 1 year ago, that is, 5 1 1 year ago, it was recorded that Wu Jun invaded Chu first, then "Wu surrounded the city of Chu", and even the Chu army "saved the string and Wu returned it". It can be seen that the capital of yi county after its demise is Xian Yi of Chu, which is located in the area of Zhang Yu, not far from the buried hill (Huoshan) and Liu Yi. Sixth, the country was destroyed by Chu as a city in Lu' an county today; Second, the route of Wu's invasion of Chu this year is obvious: Wu invaded Chu from Huaishui, not far from Huaikou-Huailing arrived, and then crossed Dabie Mountain to Xiancheng. Combined with the four years of Zuo Zhuan, it is said that Wu and others attacked Chu "leaving the boat in Huai, from Chu", and Du pre-noted it as "the east name of Hanshui". It can be seen that the ancient Zhang Yu area is still in Jiangbei, and the west is not too far from Hanshui River and its estuary. Generally, it includes eastern Hubei and western Anhui, that is, the county north of Hanjiang River in Jiangxia County and the land north of Huainan River in Lujiang County in the geography of Hanshu. Its northeast may reach the northern foot of Dabie Mountain, and its southwest must be bordered by great rivers. Xian Yi is by the river in the southwest, which happens to be the later Chuncheng, which is now the location of Yuwangcheng! As for Zhang Yu, since the Qin and Han Dynasties, he was moved to the other side of the Southeast River. Before the destruction and relocation of the country, ancient historical materials had never heard of building a new city or establishing a new monarch here. Therefore, it is reasonable that Xiancheng later became the place where Chu moved to seal the throne.
Many Chu tombs in the north of Huangzhou have been excavated, but so far there is no formal archaeological excavation of Yuwangcheng! Is this a new city after I moved here? Or was the capital of the Spring and Autumn Period merged into Xiancheng by Chu State, and the city was built for Chu State in the late Warring States Period? This needs to be confirmed or denied by the official archaeological excavation report of Zhucheng.