About 2400 years ago, a complex ethnic group, Ailao Yi, rose in the middle and lower reaches of Nujiang River with Baoshan as the center. It is an important part of the ancient "Southwest Yi", which not only created the emirate mourning country that existed for hundreds of years, but also created a unique "mourning culture". During the Han Dynasty, with the expansion of the territory of the Central Plains Dynasty and its operation to the southwest, the appearance of mourning king Liu was "surrounded", Yongchang County was established, and the Central Plains culture was rapidly injected, and the once prosperous "mourning culture" was gradually diluted until it was lost in the long river of history, so that future generations often could only see the customs of that mysterious ancient country through a few words about mourning and mourning in some ancient books.
Ailao country has a long history, vast territory, developed culture, rich products and numerous nationalities. It is one of the ancient civilizations in Yunnan history. The King of Kai was Kowloon, which lasted for more than 400 years and was formed in the middle and early Warring States period. In 69 AD, it was annexed by the Eastern Han Dynasty, where Yongchang County was established. At its peak, Ailao Kingdom had a vast territory, which was claimed to be 3,000 miles from east to west and 4,600 miles from north to south, with a territory of about 1.38 million square miles. Most of its scope is basically the same as Yongchang County, the second largest county in China established in the Eastern Han Dynasty, that is, Ailao Mountain in the east, Jin Min Mountain in the north of Myanmar in the west, Xishuangbanna in the south, and the southern foot of the Himalayas in the north.
According to historical research, Baoshan, the center of Ailao country, is one of the important origins of human beings in Yunnan. It is warm in winter and cool in summer, and the four seasons are like spring. Known as "Baoshan with the best climate in the world", it is a paradise for human survival and reproduction. A complete ape mandible fossil was unearthed in a coal mine in this area. It has been identified that the shape of mandibular fossils has obvious characteristics of transformation from apes to humans and from dental arch to teeth for about 400-800 million years. In addition, archaeologists also excavated the Paleolithic site of Pupiaotangzigou and discovered the earliest ancestor of Ailao-Pupiao people. Pupiao people are about 8000 years ago and belong to early Homo sapiens in Yunnan.
Ailao Kingdom was developed from the original Ailao tribe. With the formation and continuous expansion of Ailao Kingdom, there are many nationalities living in it, so Ailao people no longer refer only to the original Ailao tribe, but all the "nationals" including Ailao tribe. According to research, Ailao people live in two big families: Bianqiang and Baiyue. After the sinicization, the Han people in the Central Plains moved into Ailao, where they lived together with the indigenous peoples and blended with each other's cultures, making Ailao a multi-ethnic historical country dominated by indigenous peoples and supplemented by foreign Han people. At its peak, the population of Ailao reached 54,660 households with 57 1.370 people, which was indeed a very large population at that time.
Fertile land, abundant water, pleasant climate, rich minerals, lush trees and a wide variety of animals and plants provide unique conditions for the lives of mourners. According to the Records of Huayang Country and the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, there are many rare commodities such as gold, pearls, amber, jade, crystal, agate, peacock, rhinoceros, elephant, beetle, iron-eating raccoon and so on. In addition, there is the Big Puzhu, which is "three feet apart and three feet around, and is popular". The most famous craft specialty here is Tonghua cloth and Gan Lan fine cloth, which is high-quality ramie fine cloth and beautiful as colorful brocade in silk fabric; Tonghua cloth is a white pollution-free cloth woven from wood and cotton. These two kinds of cloth were produced in Ailao and were mistakenly called "Shubu" by Zhang Qian after being trafficked by Shujia. During the Qin and Han dynasties, it was exported to South Asia and the Middle East, and was called "a must in the East".
Because of its long history, Ailao ancient country has already lost all its ground cultural relics. Only some related place names, landscapes and scenic spots built by later generations according to legends vaguely reveal some information about ancient times. Legend has it that Huayao Dai in red river valley is a descendant of Pu people in Ailao country. After Ailao returned to Han, he still adhered to his own tradition, resisted the powerful Han culture after "attachment", still maintained the traditions and customs of the ancient Ailao country, and believed in primitive religion. Hinayana Buddhism, which is widely popular in other Dai areas, has never entered Huayao Dai in red river valley. Huayaodai has a completely different evaluation of "mourning for Han" from our history books, and the view on this historical event is that "Liu seems to have lost his country." In the historical narrative of Huayao Dai, Liu is a traitor.
Whether it is stone culture, bronze culture, farming culture, clothing culture, food culture, wedding and funeral culture, music, dance and other national and folk cultures, Ailao countries are very rich and unique, but there are few records in ancient books, only the Records of Huayang Countries and the Book of the Later Han Dynasty are slightly described. At present, the study of Ailao culture has made a major breakthrough, and some monographs and monographs have come out one after another. Ailao culture, as the historical and cultural source of Ailao hometown centered on Baoshan, shows its ancient glory in the sinking sand of the years. [Edit this paragraph] Ailao was built in the Han Dynasty, Liumao in Yongchang County was established, and the ancient Ailao kingdom was inherited by the King of Kowloon. He was located in the middle of A.D. 1 century and was a key figure in a critical period in Baoshan history. In the 12th year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 69), Liu Mao led 77 governors, more than 50,000 households and more than 550,000 people to join the ranks of the Chinese nation, thus making the ancient Baoshan enter the threshold of feudalism from a slave society. The Han Dynasty took this opportunity to upgrade the county administration to a total funeral land of "3,000 miles from east to west and 4,600 miles from north to south" and set Yongchang County as a unified jurisdiction. In order to show Liu Rongmao's merits, he was awarded a "Mourning for Wang Yin" with the same nature and font as that given by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and a grand palace celebration was held.
"Mourning Sui Dynasty for Prosperity" is a great event in the history of China, and Liu's appearance conforms to the historical trend and contributes a lot. [Edit this paragraph] Judging from the historical records related to the Han Dynasty, the era of "Ailao Country" Ailao (Ailao Country) is equivalent to the Han Dynasty. Therefore, the relationship between the relevant historical records of Han Dynasty and Ailao (Ailao Country) is very important-the study of Ailao (Ailao Country) can not be separated from the relevant historical records of Han Dynasty, and it can only be relied on, avoided and denied. [Edit this paragraph] 1. There is no "mourning country" in Hanshu Shiji. In historical records, there is no "mourning country" or "mourning prison". In western Yunnan and northern Myanmar, there are place names recorded in historical books-there is the elephant country "Yunnan and Vietnam", there is "Tong Tong Division" to the east of "Yunnan and Vietnam" and there are "Zhang" and "Kun" to the east of "Tongshi Division". In the above-mentioned place names, "Dianyue" refers to Dehong, Tengchong, Longling and neighboring Myanmar to the west of Nujiang River, "Tongshi" refers to Baoshan, Changning and Shidian to the east of Nujiang River, "Zhang" refers to Yongping and Yunlong, "Kun" refers to Xiaguan, Weishan and other places near Erhai Lake.
Even the Historical Records mentioned the Yelang Kingdom. Why is there no word "Ailao Kingdom" or "Ailao Kingdom"? Sima Qian has been to central Yunnan. According to common sense, as long as the Ailao exists objectively, he can't be unaware of it, so there is only one possibility: the Ailao at that time was derogatory, so it was not suitable to write a book, and the Ailao people didn't establish a real national system, which was inferior to Yelang and Dianyue countries, so they didn't mention it, and only recorded the place where the Ailao people lived as a place name.
What does "prison mourning" mean? According to the author's research, it means "hard liquor", which is similar to the meaning of "drunken bag" today. "Ailao" is homophonic for "Love Lao", which means love wine; Descendants of Ailao people, such as Kara, who lives in present-day Myanmar, call water "Ye" and wine "Aye", among which "A" is alcohol, which is still not far from "Ai" nearly two thousand years ago, and the inheritance relationship is very obvious; In addition, after the old neighbor of Ailao people "Yue people"-Dai people now call wine "prison" and wine "Ailao". Therefore, any place with strong wine flavor can be called "Ailao Mountain", so "Ailao Mountain" can be located in central and southern Yunnan instead of western Yunnan. [Edit this paragraph] 2. There is a "mourning country" in the Book of Continued Han Dynasty in the Western Jin Dynasty. The Book of Continued Han Dynasty was compiled by Sima Biao in the Western Jin Dynasty, among which the County Records Yongchang County Records said: "Yongchang County, eight cities, with 231,897 households and a population of 1,897,344. If you don't take iron, you will get Tang, Su Bi, Jade, Evil Dragon, Yunnan, Ailao (Yongping Zhongdi, so Ailao Country), Bonan (Yongping Zhongdi) and the gold in the south. "
The "Ailao Kingdom" appears in the interpretation, and it is only the interpretation of Ailao as a city. Therefore, it can only be concluded that before Ailao County was set up, Ailao King lived there, that is, the first city, and was the leader of the tribal alliance. [Edit this paragraph] III. Huayang Annals of the Eastern Jin Dynasty mistook "Ailao" for Huayang Great Country Annals compiled by Chang Qu, a native of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and said a lot about "Ailao" and "Ailao Country".
The legend of "Jiulong", the attack of "deer" in the south, the return of virtuous chestnuts to Han and the return of willow appearance to Han are systematically described in the Annals of Yongchang County in Nanzhong.
"Nanzhongzhi Yongchang County" said: "Yongchang County is a country of ancient prisoners." Another said: "Mourning is a prison, and the mountain is also named." The relationship between today's "Ailao Mountain" and the ancient "Ailao Country" is somewhat complicated, and today's researchers can only explain it forcefully, but it is difficult to convince people.
Yongchang county in Nanzhong annals clearly states that people who "mourn in prison" are "species", that is, a race; Its national system is not perfect, "divide and rule the little king", such as tribal leaders. Therefore, Wang is the first to belong to Han, and Liu Wei, who belongs to Han, is also the king. However, the population of Liu Weizhi is only over 10,000, and there are "seventy-seven kings" with a population of "553,711", which is obviously the "king" (the tribe after Liu returned to his hometown, "Xian Zong set up two counties of mourning and Bonan". According to the principle that the land of one country must be connected, Ailao County is in the land of Yunlong today and Bonan County is in the land of Yongping today.
"Nanzhongzhi Yongchang County" said that during the period of filial piety, the Lancang River (Lancang River) was used as the funeral ground, and two counties, Tang and Buwei, were established, which led to the decline of funeral industry. In addition, Liu Rongmao returned to Han, and there were two counties of mourning and Bonan. The whole picture of "mourning the country": there were four counties on the mourning ground.
There is a saying in Yongchang County in the south: "Its land is 3,000 miles from east to west and 4,600 miles from north to south." It seems to be a great funeral, but compared with the four counties, this statement is not credible. Because Nanzhongzhi Yongchang County only said that the funeral prison belonged to the Han Dynasty, it did not mean that the funeral prison was anti-Han, not serious and could not be taken seriously. This mileage report needs to be demonstrated. [Edit this paragraph] IV. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and The Book of the Later Han Dynasty were compiled by Ye Fan, a poet of the Song Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The legend of Ailao in the book also includes the legend of "Nine dragons", the attack of deer in the south, the return of virtuous chestnuts to Han, and the return of willow appearance to Han. And it is recorded that Liu Mao returned to Han for seven years, and Wang Ailao was imprisoned, which is more comprehensive and objective. However, the biography of Ailao in the later Han Dynasty did not share the mileage theory with Huayang National Records, which made the mileage theory in Huayang National Records an isolated statement. If we contact the one-sided idea that the mourning prison in Huayang Guozhi belongs to the Han Dynasty rather than the anti-Han Dynasty, we can conclude that the statement that "things are 3,000 miles, and the north and south are 4,600 miles" is a myth-such a big thing will not be recorded in history books.
The Biography of Ailao in the Later Han Dynasty gives Ailao a complete look: Ailao people live in Baoshan, Changning, Shidian, Yongping, Yunlong and other places today, and there is no perfect national system. All tribal leaders are kings, and tribal alliance leaders are also called kings. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (BC 109), Baojianshan, Changning, Shidian and other places were set up in the hall and were not afraid of the two counties, so they were injured and lost their vitality, so they declined; In the 12th year of Yongping (AD 69), Liu Mao, the king of Ailao, returned to Han, and Xian Zong set Ailao and Bonan counties with his land. In the first year of the founding of the People's Republic of China (AD 76), Wang Lei was imprisoned against Korea; In the second year (AD 77), it was even. [Edit this paragraph] V. Conclusion 1. There is no "Ailao Country" in history books because Ailao people did not establish a national system at that time; There is no word "Ailao" in history books, because "Ailao" was derogatory at that time and should not be written into history books.
The place names of Ailao people's residence recorded in historical books are "General History" and "Zhang";
2. The Book of Continued Han Dynasty has the saying of "Ailao Country", which notes Ailao County, and the word Ailao is no longer derogatory, or the word Ailao is not derogatory;
3. There was a comprehensive description of "Ailao Country" in Huayang Guozhi, but it was only mentioned in the Han Dynasty, but it was not mentioned in Anti-Han, which made its solitary theory of "3,000 miles from east to west and 4,600 miles from north to south" questioned;
4. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty not only said that Ailao belonged to the Han Dynasty, but also said that Ailao was against the Han Dynasty (seven years after the restoration of the Han Dynasty), which was more true;
At the same time, The History of the Later Han Dynasty does not support the statement of Huayang Guozhi that it is "3,000 miles from east to west and 4,600 miles from north to south", which makes it an unconvincing isolated statement.
—— Based on the principle that current events in the Han Dynasty are demonstrated by Historical Records of the Han Dynasty, it can be concluded that Ailao is derogatory, Ailao country is not a country, Ailao country is a small country, and Ailao belongs to the Han Dynasty for seven years, which leads to its extremely limited historical significance. [Edit this paragraph] The Kowloon myth originated from the ancient Ailao country, that is, the Ailao Mountain area today. This myth says: A woman named Shahu got pregnant and gave birth to ten sons because she went fishing by the river and touched the submerged water. After turning heavy wood into dragons, people asked, "Where is my son?" ? Jiuzi was scared to leave, and the only youngest son didn't go, so he sat with his back against the dragon, so he was named Jiulong. When Kowloon grew up, it was promoted to be king. At that time, there was a woman named Nubo Xi, who also had ten daughters. The Kowloon brothers are married, and their children are scattered in the valley. After the death of Kowloon, Xiao Wang was separated one after another. In the early Tang Dynasty, Xi Nuluo's father took refuge in Mengshechuan from the mourning prison and plowed the fields at the foot of Weishan. The local white king married his daughter to Xi Nuluo and gave way to him. This is a founding myth circulating among the people. According to legend, Huayao Dai, who stayed in Ailao Mountain, is one of the Kowloon brothers.