2 English reference pistache [2 1 Century Bilingual Dictionary of Science and Technology]
Pistacia vera [2 1 century bilingual dictionary of science and technology]
3. Overview Pistacia vera is the fruit of Pistacia vera. The fruit is ovoid or broadly ovoid, slightly flat, with a length of 65438 0.32.2 cm and a width of about 1cm. It is brownish yellow to purplish red, with a sharp apex, a truncated base, vestiges of the fruit stalk, slightly twisted edges, intermittent punctate protrusions on the surface, and the peel is easy to crack. The stone is 1.22cm long, ovoid or ovoid, sharp, smooth, grayish white, hard shell, and about 1mm thick. The seed epidermis is grayish brown or purplish red, and the umbilical cord at the base is rectangular, with a length of about 3mm and a green to light green inside. Slight breath, slightly sweet taste.
Pistacia vera is pungent and warm, and has the effect of warming kidney and strengthening spleen. It is mainly used for treating kidney deficiency, lumbago, impotence, spleen deficiency and cold dysentery.
4 Pinyin name ā yuhun z ǐ
5 Hunzi Ayue is also known as Hu Bangzi and Wumingzi. (Chinese materia medica)
6 The origin of pistachio was first seen in Materia Medica, and the cloud said: "pistachio ... was born in the western countries, and the cloud is the same as Hu Xunzi. He is a stick at the age of one and an asshole at the age of two. " Compendium of Materia Medica is also recorded, quoting the cloud of Haiyao Materia Medica: "According to Xu Biao's Nan Zhou Ji, the nameless wood was born in Lingnan Valley. In fact, it looks like a hazelnut, and the Persian people call it pistachio. " Compendium of Materia Medica is also recorded. (Chinese materia medica)
7 pistachio pistachio pistachio is the fruit of pistachio pistachio (Chinese Medicine)
8 Harvesting and primary processing of pistachio fruit The pistachio fruit is harvested in July and August and dried for later use. (Chinese materia medica)
The original plant form of pistachio pistachio is a deciduous small tree with a height of 57 m. Branchlets stout, cylindrical, striped and lenticels, puberulent or subglabrous; Young branches are usually hairy. Odd pinnate compound leaves alternate, usually 3 leaflets, sparse 5 leaflets; Petiole is flat, wingless or narrowly winged above; Leaflets sessile or subsessile, leaves oval or broadly elliptic, 4 10cm long and 2.56.5cm wide. The terminal leaflet is large, the tip is blunt or sharp, and small. Lateral leaflets are generally wedge-shaped, round or truncated, often asymmetrical, entire, hairless on the upper surface, sparsely puberulent and leathery under the leaves. Flowers dioecious; The panicle is 4 10cm long, the inflorescence axis and branches are hairy and striped, and the male inflorescence is wide and dense; Male perianth 35, rectangular, unequal in size, stamens 56; Female perianth 35, rectangular, membranous, with curly eyelashes at the edge; Ovary sessile, rectangular, about 1 mm long, style about 0.5 mm long. Drupe is ovoid or oblong, the stalk is about 3cm long, the fruit is larger, about 2cm long and about 1cm wide, the apex is acute and thin, and it is yellow-green to pink when mature. The flowering period is 35 months and the fruiting period is 78 months. (Chinese materia medica)
Origin of Pistachio nuts 10 Pistachio nuts are produced in Syria, Iraq, Iran, the southwest of the former Soviet Union and southern Europe, and cultivated in Xinjiang, China. (Chinese materia medica)
Cultivation of pistachio 1 1 pistachio pistachio is a perennial deciduous fruit tree and small tree of Pistaceae. pistacia vera
Wild species originated in the mountainous areas of Central Asia and West Asia, and were first cultivated in West Asia (3500), Central Asia (2000) and Europe (1500). At present, the main producers in the world are Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Greece, Syria and other countries.
Pistacia vera in Tang Dynasty in China was introduced from Persia (Iran) and cultivated for about 1300 years. Xinjiang Kashi area has cultivation.
This tree is 36 meters high. This tree is open, and its crown is 36 meters in diameter. The bark is dark gray and rough. Branchlets smooth, reddish brown. Odd pinnate compound leaves with 35 leaflets; Leaflets ovate, 5 10cm long, thick, entire, hairless, dioecious; Male flowers have 12 sepals and 35 stamens; Female flower ovary has 25 sepals, 1 ovule, nuts are ovoid or oblong, seeds are light green or milky yellow, oily, and are edible parts.
The taproot is 4m below the soil layer, and the horizontal root often exceeds the crown. There is an obvious trunk, no trunk, and it is very happy to do it. Divided into main branches, lateral branches and fruit trees. Longevity, Iran has a 700-year-old tree, which can live for 350,400 years.
In Kashgar, Xinjiang, it germinates in early April, blooms in mid-April and matures in early August. It takes about 1 10 days for early-maturing varieties and 130 days for late-maturing varieties. The growth period is about 1802 10 days.
Pistacia vera is an arid subtropical tree species, which can grow well in areas with annual precipitation of 200400mm and air relative humidity of 50%. The growth period requires an average temperature of 2426℃, which can withstand the high temperature of 43.8℃. In winter, it can tolerate the low temperature of 30℃, and the Mediterranean group has weak cold tolerance, and freezing injury occurs at 9℃. It has strong adaptability and likes light, and is suitable for growing in Xiangyang mountain area at an altitude of 600 1200m. Its roots are not resistant to moisture, afraid of water accumulation, and resistant to 0.2% soil salt.
There are about 30 species of pistachio, and 2 species originated in China, namely pistachio and pistachio, which can be used as rootstocks of pistachio. There are only 1 species of edible pistachios. There are two main types of pistachios in Xinjiang. ① Round fruit type, ② Long fruit type.
Pistacia vera is not easy to survive after transplanting, so it is planted by direct seeding or seedling raising in nutrient pots. Before sowing, seeds need to be soaked and layered, and the treatment temperature is 4℃, which takes 6 weeks. After deep ploughing and leveling, the planting garden will be ridged with a ridge spacing of 45m and a ridge height of 30cm. Dig holes on the ridge slope for sowing with a hole spacing of 3m, and sow 23 seeds in each hole, and cover the soil with 5cm. It can be grafted and propagated. In addition to Pistacia chinensis and Liquidambar formosana, the rootstock can also have the fragrance of Pistacia chinensis and Pleurotus eryngii, which is more resistant to nematodes, but this rootstock is not resistant to nematodes.
To rationally allocate male and female trees, the appropriate ratio is 10: 1. After flowering and fruiting, the redundant male plants are grafted and replaced with plants in proportion. There are two grafting methods: spring grafting and summer T-bud grafting.
Pistachio grows many lateral branches from seedling stage, which extend laterally to form low bushes. Plastic surgery starts from young trees, and branches in different directions around the trunk are selected as main branches, and twigs and bent branches are cut short to fill the gap between main branches. Retraction and pruning are carried out in the full fruit period.
Pistacia vera seed contains 54.68% oil, and its unsaturated fatty acids are as high as 90%, carbohydrates are 965.438+03%, protein is 20.25%, inorganic salts are 2.53%, vitamins A and B, etc. Nuts can be eaten fresh, fried and sweetened, and are also excellent ingredients for making cakes and refreshing drinks. Peels and seeds can be used as medicine.
12 pharmacognosy identification of pistachio 12. 1 The fruit is ovoid or broadly ovoid, slightly flat, long 1.32.2cm, wide 1cm, brownish yellow to purplish red, with sharp tip, flat base and residual fruit stalk. The stone is 1.22cm long, ovoid or ovoid, sharp, smooth, grayish white, hard shell, and about 1mm thick. The seed epidermis is grayish brown or purplish red, and the umbilical cord at the base is rectangular, with a length of about 3mm and a green to light green inside. Slight breath, slightly sweet taste. (Chinese materia medica)
12.2 microscopic identification of cross-section of seeds: 1 ovulates seed coat cells, which are elongated tangentially and rectangular; At the bottom is 12 rows of giant cells; Decadent parenchyma cells are often scattered in threaded ducts, with a diameter of about 65438 00 μ m, and cotyledon cells are polygonal, with oil droplets and aleurone particles. (Chinese materia medica)
13 pistachio is pungent; Sexual temperature. (Chinese materia medica)
Efficacy and indications of pistachios 14 Pistachios have the effect of warming kidney and strengthening spleen. Treat kidney deficiency, lumbago, impotence, spleen deficiency and cold dysentery. (Chinese materia medica)
Pistachio nuts 15 Administration and dosage Oral: decocted, 9 ~ 15g. (Chinese materia medica)
"Compendium of Materia Medica: [Part 30, Part 2] Extract of Pistachio nuts" and "Wumingzi" in ancient books. Zang Qi said: Hunzi Ayue was born in the west. He is one year old and Ayue is two years old, just like Hazelnut Tree Hu. ...
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