After Zhuge Liang recovered Wu and pacified South China, he prepared for the Northern Expedition of Cao Wei. In the spring of 228, the first Northern Expedition made Zhao Yun and others suspect soldiers, pretending to attack Tancheng (now Meixian County, Shaanxi Province) from Gu Jie (now Meixian County, Shaanxi Province) to attract Wei Jun. I led the main attack on Qishan (now Qishan Fort, Xihe County, Gansu Province), and the three counties of Longyou Tianshui, Nan 'an and Anding successively rebelled against Wei and surrendered to Shu. Reasons for failure: Ma Su violated Zhuge Liang's deployment, was defeated by Zhang He, and fell into the street pavilion; Zhao Yun and other troops were also unfavorable, so Zhuge Liang had to return to Hanzhong. Soon, Tianshui, Nan 'an and Anding counties rebelled and attached Wei.
Qishan in Chu Er
The second Northern Expedition was in the same winter. Zhuge Liang took advantage of Lu Xun's defeat of Cao Xiuzhi in Shi Ting, and left for the customs, and surrounded Chencang (now southwest of Baoji, Shaanxi). Reason for failure: After more than 20 days of attack, Wei reinforcements arrived and had to return to Hanzhong.
Three out of Qishan
The third Northern Expedition was in the seventh year of Jianxing. Liang attacked Wudu (now Chengxian County, Gansu Province) and Wenxian County, Gansu Province (now northwest of Gansu Province), defeated Wei reinforcements, occupied these two counties, stayed behind, and led his troops back to the Li Dynasty. The following year, Wei Jun attacked Hanzhong, Zhuge Liang strengthened his defense and sent reinforcements. Due to the continuous heavy rain, roads such as Ziwu Valley and Gu Jie were blocked, and Wei Jun retreated.
Four out of Qishan
The fourth Northern Expedition was in Jianxing for nine years. The Shu army surrounded Qishan, and Sima Yi, commander-in-chief of Wei Jun, met him. Zhuge Liang is ready for a decisive battle. Sima yi knew that the Shu army had a long way to go and there was not much food, so he stuck to it and refused to go out. Zhuge Liang tried to lure the enemy by withdrawing troops, but Sima Yi was very cautious in pursuit. As soon as the Shu army stopped, he camped and refused to keep it. At this time, Li Yan falsely proclaimed the imperial edict and said that he would withdraw his troops. The Shu army had run out of food and grass, so Zhuge Liang had to dispatch troops and ambush and kill the famous Wei Zhang He on his way home.
Five out of Qishan
The fifth northern expedition was in the spring of the twelfth year. Zhuge Liang led a hundred thousand troops out of Xiegukou, arrived in Yan County, and camped in Wuzhangyuan on the south bank of Weishui River. Sima Yi also set up a camp to stop him from fighting the Shu army. Knowing that the Shu army has a long way to go and it is difficult to transport food and grass, I want to drag the Shu army down. Zhuge Liang is also preparing to divide his troops in Weishui and make plans for long-term operations. Zhuge Liang had reached an agreement with Sun Quan to attack Wei at the same time before the invasion. In May, Wu Jun attacked Wei with 100,000 troops, but they were defeated and retreated to Jiangdong. The Shu army had to deal with Wei Jun unilaterally. In August, Zhuge Liang broke down from overwork, and his illness became more and more serious, and he died soon. After his death, Jiang Wei and others obeyed his will, secretly refused to send out obituaries, and the whole army retreated into the inclined valley. Zhuge Liang made five northern expeditions, but actually sent troops to Qishan only twice; Another time, Wei Jun attacked Hanzhong, not Zhuge Liang. In a word, later generations said it was "six out of Qishan". In the official history, when Zhuge Liang introduced that the first part of Lingyun Diaolong was from Qishan, he said nothing about Qishan and its geographical location: "Qishan is different from Qishan. Qishan is the name of the mountain, which is located near the northeast of Qishan County, Shaanxi Province today. Gu's father once moved to this place and built heaven and earth in the Zhou Dynasty for 800 years. Qishan, also a famous mountain, is located in the northwest of Xihe County, Gansu Province. From a bird's eye view on the map, one is in the south of Tianshui and the other is in the east of Chencang. The air distance between the two places 100 km. Actually, the mountain road is curved, which is better than long distance.
And Jiang Wei is attacking and not defending. Eleven northern expeditions, not nine.
First, in the first year of Yan Xi (238), the late masters Jiang Wei and Jiang Wan led a division out of Longyou, and they fought with Wei Jun in Nan 'an.
Second, in seven years (244), Jiang Wei and Fei Yi sent troops to promote the Bureau and sent Wang Ping to attack Wei General Cao Shuang, and Cao Shuang was defeated.
Third, Yan Xi left Longxi in the 10th year (247) to attack Taoxi with Wei generals Guo Huai and Xia Houba.
Fourthly, in the 12th year of Yan Xi (249), Jiang Wei sent Liao Hua to Taocheng. At this time, it is "there is no general in Shu, and Liao Hua is the pioneer". Jiang Wei single-handedly fought against many generals of Wei, and both sides won and lost.
5. In the 13th year of Yan Xi (250 years), Jiang Wei and Guo Huai fought Taoxi, supplemented by Hu Qiang, and the two sides were tied.
6. After Fei Yi was assassinated in the 16th year of Yan Xi (253), Jiang Wei sent troops to surround Nan 'an, and all the food was gone.
Seven, Yan Xi seventeen years (254) out of Longxi drip, cut Wei.
Eight, Yan Xi eighteen years (255), with Xia Houba out of the Tao, in Taoxi Jing Wang. Wang Jing retreated to Didao City, and then Chen Tai sent troops to clear the way.
In September 256, Jiang Wei sent his troops again, and Shu general Hu Ji missed the deadline, because Wargo broke through the valley, causing heavy casualties.
10, 257, Zhuge Dan was rebelled by Wei, Jiang Wei sent troops to Qinchuan, and Wei Jun insisted on fighting. It was not until the defeat of Zhuge Dan in the first year of Yong 'an (258) that he quit.
In the eleventh and fifth years (262), Jiang Wei sent troops again to fight against Wargo in Houhe, which was defeated by Wargo and then lived in the stack. This is Jiang Wei's last Northern Expedition. At this time, Huang Hao wanted to replace Jiang Wei with Yan Yu. Jiang Wei hated Huang Hao for exceeding his authority and asked the latter to kill Huang Hao, but the latter refused. Jiang Wei realized that this move might anger Huang Hao. In order to avoid disaster, he avoided staying in the crib and wasteland to avoid disaster. Zhong Hui and Wargo led the army to levy Shu. Jing Yao died in Shu in 263.
Jiang Wei's previous northern expeditions have won and lost each other, and the army has reached Huayin and Pucheng. Among them, it won twice; Small wins three times; Tied for four times; A big defeat, a small defeat. Historians have been criticizing Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition for years, but it has consumed a lot of national strength to fight for years. During the last Northern Expedition, Liao Hua advised Jiang Wei to rest his army. He thought that "after years of conquest, the army and the people were restless, and Wei had Wargo, who was resourceful and not an idle person", and suggested not to "do difficult things". At the end of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there is a poem saying: "Before Kong Ming leaves Qishan, he is willing to mend the sky with one hand; At the end of this period, the long star sets at midnight! Jiang Wei's strength is high, and he cut the Central Plains for nine times. Zhong Ai went in separately, and all the Han families were Cao. "