However, policy guidance focuses on "guidance", that is, guiding people to understand and digest the policies introduced. Policy interpretation focuses on "understanding", that is, explaining the specific content and spirit of the new policy to people in detail, so that people can have a clearer understanding of the policy after reading these words, which is conducive to formulating specific measures for policy implementation at all levels. Therefore, "policy interpretation" should be more substantial and clear than "policy guidance".
Question 2: What does policy interpretation mean? It is the analysis and understanding of the country's major policies, the comprehensive application of Marxist philosophy, and the in-depth analysis and concise policies from the three basic ideas of what, why and how (world outlook and methodology), and the implementation of them in combination with local conditions.
Policy interpretation is necessary for students with high school education or above!
You can read People's Daily for reference!
Question 3: What is the meaning of policy resources? Five minutes and three. Social policy resources
The resources of social policy are the manpower, material resources and financial resources needed to implement social policy.
* * * Ways of mobilizing resources: taxes, special fees, social insurance premiums and mobilizing and utilizing voluntary services.
Ways of mobilizing resources by non-governmental organizations: private donations, public donations and mobilizing volunteers to participate.
Fourthly, the operating mechanism of social policies.
The operating mechanism of social policy generally refers to the composition and function of each link of social policy. It can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense: the broad sense of social policy operation mechanism covers all aspects of social policy, while the narrow sense of social policy operation mechanism refers to the specific delivery mode of social services, that is, the provision mode of social services. It mainly includes three aspects: financing methods; Ways to provide social services; * * * Division of labor and cooperation with NGOs in the social service system.
Section 1 Thinking about Problems
1. Briefly describe the characteristics and functions of social policy subjects.
A: The subject of social policy refers to the undertaker or actor who formulates and implements social policies, and is one of the core elements in the operation of social policies. Social policy has different subjects, which can be * * * or non-governmental organizations.
(1) * * As the main body of social policy, its characteristics and functions.
* * * As the main body of social policy, it is characterized by authority, seriousness, complexity and variability.
* * * Roles in the process of social policy: policy makers, policy executors, resource providers, policy managers and policy educators.
(2) The characteristics and functions of non-governmental organizations as subjects of social policies.
In China, NGOs mainly refer to social groups and other related non-profit organizations.
The characteristics of non-governmental organizations are non-profit, autonomy, openness and plasticity.
The role of non-governmental organizations in the process of social policy: participants and executors, partners, policy consultants and social service providers.
Question 4: From what aspects should we grasp the meaning of public policy? Understanding public policy from a political perspective: in the most general sense of political concept, public policy is an action mode to solve conflicting requirements and provide incentives for cooperation. The broad concept of policy has two remarkable characteristics: first, policy is a social activity, not a single or isolated event. Secondly, the policy comes from one of two needs, either to coordinate conflicting needs or to establish an incentive mechanism for collective activities. Understanding public policy from the perspective of market. (From the perspective of the relationship between * * * and the market) To sum up, public policy is simply defined as: in a specific situation, the behavior plan formulated by social public authorities to achieve a certain goal is given a code of conduct. Its role is to regulate and guide the behavior of relevant institutions, groups or individuals, and its manifestations include laws and regulations, administrative rules or orders, oral or written instructions from national leaders, large-scale planning, specific action plans and related strategies.
Question 5: From what aspects should we grasp the meaning of public policy? Public policy refers to the code of conduct formulated in the process of selecting, integrating, distributing and implementing public interests in a certain period of time in order to solve the problem of public interests and effectively promote and distribute public interests fairly.
Often through laws, regulations, planning, plans, programs, measures, projects and other forms.
Public policy has a certain formulation and implementation subject.
The essence of public policy lies in the effective promotion and fair distribution of public interests.
The formulation of public policy is a dynamic process, including the selection, integration, distribution and implementation of public interests.
The object of public policy is social public issues.
Question 6: What is the meaning of explanation? Word: phonetic interpretation: jiě dú interpretation: 1, reading interpretation: ~ information coding | Traditional exegetics takes ~ ancient books as its main purpose. 2. analysis; Research: ~ Life | ~ Prehistoric culture. 3. understanding; Experience: People with different views will have different views on this policy.
Question 7: What does it mean to change business tax to VAT?
From May, 20 16 to May, 1 2006, the state will fully implement the policy of camp reform, expanding the scope to construction, real estate, finance and life.
The impact of the reform of the camp on the tax burden of enterprises is as follows: the collection method is simple, the tax burden decreases, and it remains to be seen whether the operating cost of enterprises will rise; Generally speaking, whether the tax burden is reduced depends on the amount of input tax. The input tax that may be involved mainly includes the expenses related to production and operation, such as material expenses and equipment purchase expenses.
(1) The current value-added tax is a tax levied on units and individuals that sell goods, provide processing, repair and replacement services, import goods and provide some modern service industries in China based on their value-added amount.
(2) Business tax is a tax levied on the operating income of units and individuals that provide taxable services, transfer intangible assets and sell real estate in China.
(3) Value-added tax and business tax are two different taxes, and they are different in the object of collection, scope of collection, tax basis, tax items, tax rates and methods of collection and management.
(4) VAT rate. At present, there are 17%, 13%, 1 1%, 6%. The collection rate of small-scale taxpayers is 3%. Under some special circumstances, goods or services are subject to 0 tax rate.
(5) the tax rate of business tax. According to different business projects, the following tax items and tax rates shall be applied to calculate and collect. Value-added tax and business tax are two independent taxes that cannot be crossed, that is, value-added tax is paid without business tax, and business tax is paid without business tax.
1. The scope of collection is different: sales of real estate, provision of labor services (excluding processing, repair and replacement) and transfer of intangible assets are subject to business tax. Sales of movable property, provision of processing, repair and replacement services, and some modern service industries pay VAT.
2. The tax basis is different: VAT is an out-of-price tax and business tax is an in-price tax. Therefore, when calculating the value-added tax, the tax-included income should be converted into tax-free income first, that is, the income for calculating the value-added tax should be tax-free income. Business tax is directly multiplied by income tax rate.
Question 8: How to understand the meaning of education policy? Education policy refers to the code of conduct, rules, measures, tools, means or process by which political parties and other political entities coordinate and distribute educational interests according to educational objectives in a specific period to solve educational problems and balance educational interests. Education policy generally has the following characteristics:
(1) The direction is clear. Education policy is different from education law, it is the embodiment of people's subjective will, so there is always a clear direction.
(2) Relatively stable. Once the educational policy is determined, it should always remain relatively stable and will not be changed at will, otherwise it will affect people's trust in it and the firmness of implementation.
(3) It has a wide influence. Educational activities are related to thousands of families, so educational policies also directly affect all aspects of society.
(4) Authoritative and practical. Almost all education policies in China are issued by the Central Committee, the National People's Congress or the * * * departments alone or jointly. Because of the constitutionality of the behavior of the party and the state, it determines the legitimacy of the education policy, thus generating authority.
(5) systematic. Education policy is an integral part of the national policy system, which plays a role in the interaction with other public policies, involving all aspects of education, and its functions are bound to be multifaceted.
(6) Reflect the will of the ruling class. Although all political parties and social organizations can formulate educational policies, the dominant educational policies always reflect the will of the ruling class and represent its fundamental interests.
(7) Not mandatory. The implementation of education policy is mainly achieved through the demonstration role of people, organizational constraints, public opinion guidance and other ways, and is generally not directly mandatory.