I am ashamed to say that in China, literature is in an awkward position. There are very few people who engage in their own majors, although many of them really love their majors. .
Many textbooks of our major are very miscellaneous and terrible, which can be roughly divided into four directions:
1. Ancient documents and modern documents-that is, from Zhou, Qin, Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties to modern times, are mainly word memorization and memory arrangement. Almost any author, an era, a faction, or a poem you produce, we have to "brainstorm", and I will know the ability to tell you what this thing is, why it is like this, what interesting stories it has, its background, its significance, its predecessor and follow-up. Among them, I am most afraid of remembering names and kinship. Because you take out a sentence, you will be asked if you are Confucius or Mencius or Xunzi or who said it. Why did he say that? Who tampered with it later, shamelessly used it, and even affected the national economy and people's livelihood. . Such a small problem is detailed enough to write a paper. .
2. Oriental and Western literature-those are only in the circle of China, but if you want to be everyone, you have to know what foreigners say. From legendary myths to biblical literature that provoked wars several times; From several literary school revolutions to feminism; From the eroticism and beauty in Japanese literature to the comparison of female images between Medea and Sagondaro: from Tagore's feelings for his mother to Wilde's homosexuality, we still need to know these tidbits, otherwise you will be embarrassed to say that you are a professional. Looking for a needle in a haystack in every detail, I can die of angina pectoris when I think of those foreign names that hurt my eggs, especially those drooling and tongue-tied Soviet novels. .
3. Literary theory-what's the use of learning literary theory? Answer, Cook. If the literary content mentioned above is called ingredients, then literary theory is the way of cooking. We have to bring those dishes with complicated relationships, complicated appearances, or cold or fried or braised or stewed. We have so many theoretical ways invented by human beings. We learn from the following theories
Starting from the writer: biographical criticism, psychoanalysis, archetypal criticism, etc.
Starting from the works: Russian formalism, new criticism, structuralism, etc.
The starting point of readers: hermeneutics, reception aesthetics, reader's reaction criticism, etc.
Social and cultural discourse power: feminism, deconstruction, postmodernism, post-colonialism, etc. .
You ask me what these are, and I can only tell you sadly that there are at least three stages of development behind each theory. There are five books that must be read by cattle people, and several experts are fighting against the law. What you have to do is to get the essence from the rough and discard the false while preserving the true. .
The aesthetics you want, Freud, Saussure, Plato, anthropology, are all mixed here. Pile up these books and build me a coffin of Lenin's mausoleum, which is absolutely enough. .
Well, literary theory needs a lot of English, specifically to be a genius like Mr. Ji Xianlin. .
4. Phonetic Chinese characters and the restoration of ancient books-if the above literary theory is a "hundred schools of thought contend" in a small theater, then this literary direction is ghost painting symbols and then we can find the law from it. Yes, that's what xx in Oracle bone inscriptions means, that is, whether Henan dialect is official or not, that is, whether xxx is said by A or fabricated by B. The children in this major are very poor. They wake up every morning, just turn on the computer, enter Oracle Bone Inscriptions's page, and describe it word by word, which is purely the image memory of the pattern. If what you have to memorize and understand above makes you want to tear up the book violently, then this boring and repetitive description will make you always doubt that you are an idiot. However, more than 5,300 pieces of Oracle bones have been excavated, and only 1053 pieces have been developed so far. So, continue to draw big characters and sum up the rules, and try to see if you can study the rest. As for the restoration of ancient books, it is even more deceptive. You have to judge the authenticity of a book, the dynasty, the author, where that sentence comes from and which sentence is nonsense. How big is this reading? Siku Quanshu, right? It took Ji Xiaolan ten years to produce seven books, including 200 books in the catalogue alone, not to mention 3,000 banned books that were maliciously destroyed when they were included, but only 3,503 books were included in Four Ku. . You asked me about phonetics, Pingze poems and so on, all of which are basic knowledge. What they want to do is dialect research. Interested students can challenge the international phonetic alphabet first, because dialects are marked with that thing. .