Wei Wuji (? -243 BC), the youngest son of King Zhao of Wei, the half-brother of King Anli, a famous strategist and politician of Wei during the Warring States Period. In the first year of Anli King (276 BC), he was named Xinlingjun (now Ningling County, Henan Province), and was called Xinlingjun by later generations. He was also called the Four Gentlemen of the Warring States with Huang Xie, Tian Wen of Meng Changjun and Zhao Sheng of Ping Yuanjun.
When Wei declined, he imitated Zhao Sheng, attracted diners, raised thousands of people, and became a force of his own. He is kind to Corporal Xian and anxious about the people's difficulties. He was defeated twice militarily, saving the crises of Zhao and Wei respectively. However, he was repeatedly suspected by King Wei Anli and failed to shoulder the heavy responsibility. In 243 BC, Xin died of wine and wine injuries. Eighteen years later, Wei was destroyed by Qin.
Character relationship
put right
Chinese name
Wei Wuji
Another name
Xinlingjun
nation
the Kingdom of Wei（220-265 A.D）
date of death
243 BC
occupation
Politicians and military strategists
Major achievements
Famous all over the world, governors dare not seek Wei for more than ten years.
Stealing the symbol to save Zhao, two broken.
representative works
Wei Gongzi's Art of War
Ground position
The first of the four gentlemen in the warring States period
government post
Commander-in-chief of the five-nation allied forces, general
catalogue
1 character lifetime
Recruit public visitors
(of a ruler or senior official) treat people with courtesy.
Stealing symbols to save Zhao
My mother-in-law lives in Zhao.
The whole country can feel the majesty of a person.
Die of depression
2 Historical evaluation
3 in memory of future generations
4 film and television image
Character life editor
Recruit public visitors
In 277 years ago, my father died, and my brother inherited the throne of Wei State and became the king of Wei Anli. The following year, his brother Wei Wuji was sealed in Xinling (now Ningling County, Henan Province), so he was called Xinlingjun [1].
At that time, Fan Sui fled from Wei to Qin as prime minister. Dissatisfied with Wei Qi, the minister of Wei, he repeatedly encouraged King Zhao of Qin to attack Wei. Surrounded the girder, defeated Wei Jun stationed in Huayang, and forced Mang Taiwei to escape. Wang Wei and Wei Wuji are very worried about this. [2]
Wei Wuji is kind, generous, polite and noble, so scholars are scrambling to join him. There were 3000 diners at the peak. So at that time, the reputation was abroad, and the vassal state dared not enter Wei for more than ten years. [3]
Once, while playing chess with Wang Wei, an alarm came from the northern border saying, "Zhao sent troops to invade and will enter the customs." Wang Wei immediately put down his chess pieces and called his ministers to discuss countermeasures.
Wei Wuji dissuaded Wang Wei and said, "This is just Zhao Wang hunting, not invading the border." Then he casually played chess with Wang Wei. But Wang Wei is too scared to play chess. After a while, another news came from the north, saying, "Zhao Wang hunts and doesn't invade the border." Wang Wei was surprised and asked, "How do you know?" Wei Wuji replied, "One of my diners can find out the secret of Wang Zhao. If Wang Zhao does anything, he will report to me immediately, so I know this. " From then on, Wang Wei was afraid of Wei Wuji's talent and dared not appoint him to handle state affairs. [4]
(of a ruler or senior official) treat people with courtesy.
At that time, there was a hermit named Hou Ying in Wei State, who was seventy years old. Because of his poor family, he became a janitor. When Wei Wuji heard about this man, he went to visit and wanted to give him a generous gift, but Hou Ying refused to accept it, saying, "I have cultivated my morality and kept my integrity for decades. I can't accept my son's gift because I am poor." Wei Wuji held a grand banquet in honor of his guests. After everyone came together and sat down, the son took the horses and chariots and his entourage, vacated the left position of the car, and personally went to the east gate to meet Hou Ying.
Hou Ying adjusted her shabby coat and hat, went straight to the car and sat in the distinguished seat vacated by the son. He has no intention of humility, and wants to take this opportunity to observe Wei Wuji's attitude. But Wei Wuji holds power with more respect. Hou Ying also said to Wei Wuji, "I have a friend who works in a slaughterhouse in the market. I hope I can be wronged and drive me to visit him. " Wei Wuji immediately drove to the market, and Hou Ying got off to see his friend Zhu Hai. He squinted at the son, deliberately stood there for a long time, chatting with friends and secretly observing the face of the son. Wei Wuji's face is more pleasant.
At this time, the generals, prime ministers, imperial clan ministers and distinguished guests of Wei were all sitting at the banquet, waiting for Wei Wuji to raise his glass and drink. People in the street saw Wei Wuji holding the reins and driving for Hou Ying. Wei Wuji's entourage secretly scolded Hou Ying. Hou Ying saw Wei Wuji's face unchanged, so he said goodbye to his friend and got on the bus.
After arriving home, Wei Wuji led Hou Ying to sit on the dining table and respectfully introduced Hou Ying to all the guests. All the guests were surprised. When everyone was in a good mood, Wei Wuji stood up and went to Hou Ying to raise a glass to celebrate his birthday.
Hou Ying took the opportunity to say to his son, "I have done my best for my son today. I am only the gatekeeper at the east gate of the city, but my son wronged me and greeted me in public. I shouldn't have visited my friends again, but today my son condescended to accompany me to visit him. However, I also want to achieve the reputation of the son, deliberately let the son's chariots and horses stop at the market for a long time, and test the son by visiting friends. As a result, the son is even more humble. Everyone in the street thinks I am a villain, but I think my son is a noble man and can be polite to corporal! " After the banquet, Hou Ying became a guest of Wei Wuji. [5]
Hou Ying said to Wei Wuji, "Zhu Hai, the butcher I visited, was a smart man, but people didn't know him, so he disappeared among the butchers." Wei Wuji visited Zhu Hai many times, but Zhu Hai deliberately refused to reciprocate. Wei Wuji thinks he's a freak. [6]
Stealing symbols to save Zhao
260 years ago, in the battle of Changping with the State of Qin, Zhao Haoqi Cheng Xiao was cheated by the State of Qin and replaced veteran Lian Po with an "armchair strategist" Zhao Kuo. As a result, Zhao was defeated and Qin killed more than 400,000 soldiers.
In the first 257 years, the Qin army surrounded Handan, the capital of Zhao, and the situation of Zhao was very critical. Prime Minister Zhao's wife is my sister. Zhao Sheng wrote to Wang He of Wei An many times, asking for the rescue of Wei. Wei Anli sent general Jin Bi to lead 100,000 troops to save Zhao.
After learning the news, the Qin officials sent messengers to warn Wang Wei, saying, "I will catch Zhao sooner or later. Whoever dares to save Zhao, after capturing Zhao, will send troops to attack it first. " Wang Wei was very scared when he heard this, so he sent someone to stop marching again and let him stay in Yecheng to camp. In name, he was trying to save Zhao, but in fact, he adopted a two-sided strategy and watched the development.
Zhao Sheng's emissary's car came to Wei for emergency and scolded him, "I, Zhao Sheng, volunteered to rely on Wei to marry Wei because my son has a noble character and can help others out of danger." Now Handan is in danger and will surrender to Qin sooner or later, but Wei's reinforcements have not come yet. How do you help others out of danger? Besides, even if you don't take Zhao Sheng seriously, dislike me and let me surrender to Qin, won't you pity your sister? " Wei Wuji was very anxious about this matter, and repeatedly asked Wang Wei to send troops quickly, and asked the guest debater to try his best to persuade Wang Wei. Wang Wei refused to listen for fear of Qin. Wei Wuji estimated that he could not get Wang Wei's consent to send troops after all, so he decided not to drag out an ignoble existence by himself and watch Zhao perish. So he invited guests, pieced together more than 100 chariots, and planned to take the guests to the battlefield, fight to the death with Qin Jun, and die with Zhao Guoren. [7]
When Wei Wuji led the motorcade through the East Gate, he went to see Hou Ying and told him that he was determined to fight Qin Jun to the end. Then say goodbye to Hou Ying and prepare to leave. Before leaving, Hou Ying said, "Work hard, son, the old minister can't accompany me." Wei Wuji walked a few miles, feeling very unhappy, and said to himself, "I am considerate enough for Hou Sheng. Everyone knows everything in the world. Now I'm dying, but Hou Sheng didn't send me a word. Is there anything unkind about me? " Then come back by car and ask Hou Ying.
As soon as Hou Ying saw his son, he smiled and said, "I knew my son would come back." He went on to say, "Childe is famous for his hospitality and self-cultivation. Since we are in danger, if we can't think of any other way, we can only rush to the battlefield to fight to the death with Qin Jun. It's like throwing fat to a hungry tiger. What's the use? If so, are we here as guests? My son has deep feelings for me, but he didn't see me off when he went to see me, so he knew that he was angry with me and would come back. " I paid a visit to Mr. Hou twice in a row and then asked for countermeasures. [8]
Hou Ying told the others to leave and had a secret conversation with his son. He said: "I heard that the golden military emblem is often placed in Wang Wei's bedroom. For example, the surname Ji is Wang Wei's favorite. She goes in and out of Wang Wei's bedroom at will, and she can steal the military symbol as long as she tries her best. I heard that Ruji's father was killed. Ruji has the ambition of revenge, and all the subjects below Wang Wei want to avenge Ruji, but they all failed. To this end, Ruji once cried to his son, and his son sent a public servant to behead his enemy and respectfully dedicate it to Ruji. Minute died for childe, she was diligent, but she didn't have the opportunity to act. If the son really asks Ruji for help, if she will definitely agree, then he can get the tiger symbol, seize the relieving of Jin, save Zhao in the north and resist Qin in the west. This is the great cause of the Spring and Autumn Five Overlords. " Wei Wuji listened to Hou Ying's advice and turned to Ruji for help. For example, Ji really stole the military emblem and gave it to him. [9]
Wei Wuji got the military emblem and was ready to hit the road. Hou Ying said: "The general has the power to make a decisive decision when fighting outside. For the benefit of the country, some orders of the monarch can be ignored. Even if the two characters coincide with each other over there, the verification is true, but Jinbi still doesn't give you the relieving and asks Wang Wei for instructions, which is dangerous. My friend Zhu Hai, the butcher, can go with you. This man is a Hercules. It would be great if Jinbi listened; If he doesn't listen, you can let Zhu Hai kill him. " Hearing this, Wei Wuji began to cry.
Stealing symbols to save Zhao
Hou Ying asked him, "Are you afraid of death? Why are you crying? " Confucius said, "Jinbi is a veteran of Wei, brave and good at fighting. I was afraid that I would go to him and he wouldn't obey orders, so I cried sadly. Where is the fear of death? " So Wei Wuji invited Zhu Hai to go with him.
Zhu Hai said with a smile, "I'm just a butcher who kills animals with a knife in the market, but your son has come to see me many times." The reason why I didn't answer to reward you is because I think small gifts are useless. " Now that your son is in trouble, it's time for me to die for you. "I hit the road with Wei Wuji.
Wei Wuji got up and declined politely, Mr. Hou. Hou Ying said, "I should go with you, but I'm too old to do it. On the day you defected to the Jinbi Army, I committed suicide by heading north to thank you for your kindness. " Wei Wuji then hit the road. [ 1 1]
My mother-in-law lives in Zhao.
When Wei Wuji arrived in the wild, he pretended that Wang Wei's orders replaced Jinbi as a general. Jinbi combined the military code and verified its correctness, but he still expressed doubts about it. He raised his hand and stared at his son and said, "Now I command 100,000 troops and are stationed at the border. This is a responsibility related to the fate of the country. You are the only one to replace me today. What is this? " I was about to refuse to take orders.
Zhu Hai took out 40 Jin of iron vertebrae hidden in his sleeve, and one vertebra was killed. Wei Wuji took over the splendid army, and then began to rectify the army, saying to the soldiers, "Both father and son are in the army, go home;" If the two brothers are in the army, the eldest brother will go home; The only son without a brother goes home to support his parents. "After rectification and selection, 80,000 chosen men were selected.
So he went to the front to fight Qin Jun, cleared the way and left. Handan was saved, and Zhao was saved. Zhao Wang and Zhao Sheng came to the suburbs to meet the childe. Zhao Sheng leads Wei Wuji with a bag full of arrows on his back. The king of Zhao thanked him twice and said, "Since ancient times, no sage can match him." From then on, Zhao Sheng dared not compare himself with Wei Wuji. [ 12]
After Wei Wuji broke up with Hou Ying, on the day he arrived at Yecheng Barracks, Hou Ying died of a kiss facing north. [ 13]
Wang Wei was furious with Wei Wuji for stealing military orders, and forged letters to kill Jinbi, which Wei Wuji also knew very well.
After defeating and saving Zhao, his generals returned to Wei with his army and lived in Zhao with his guests. To thank the thief for saving Zhao, I negotiated with him to seal five cities in Wei Wuji. After hearing the news, Wei Wuji was proud of himself. Some guests persuaded Wei Wuji, "Some things can't be forgotten, but some things can't be forgotten. Others are kind to childe, childe can't forget; Childe is very kind to others, I hope you can forget. In addition, under the guise of Wang Wei's orders, he seized the military power and saved Zhao, making great contributions to Zhao, but he was not a loyal minister to Wei. Childe is so self-righteous, self-righteous. I privately think that my son should not be like this. " Upon hearing this, Wei Wuji immediately blamed himself, as if he were ashamed. [ 14]
Zhao held a grand banquet, and the king of Zhao personally cleaned the steps of the hall, personally greeted the distinguished guests at the door, and performed the host's etiquette, leading Wei Wuji into the west steps of the hall. Wei Wuji walked sideways, repeatedly refused to be humble, and took the initiative to climb up from the eastern steps. During the dinner, I said I was guilty. I'm sorry, Wei, but I have no merit in Zhao. The prince of Zhao accompanied Wei Wuji until the evening, but he was always embarrassed to talk about the dedication of the five cities, because Wei Wuji was always modest. Finally, I stayed in Zhao. Zhao was named Tang, and Wang Wei returned Xinling City to his son, but he still had no intention of returning to Wei. [ 15]
It is said that Zhao has two talents who are not in politics. One is Mao Gong who hides among gamblers, and the other is Gong Xue who disappears in the hotel. Wei Wuji wanted to meet the two men, but they hid and refused to see Wei Wuji. Wei Wuji found their hiding address, so he quietly went to associate with the two men. They all take pleasure in getting to know each other and are very happy.
Xinlingjun
Knowing this situation, Zhao Sheng said to his wife, "At first, I heard that his wife's younger brother, Wei Gongzi, was an unparalleled Great Sage. Now I hear he's fooling around with gamblers and hotel guys. The son is just an ignorant person. " Zhao Sheng's wife told Wei Wuji these words.
Hearing this, Wei Wuji bid farewell to Zhao Sheng's wife and prepared to leave here, saying, "I heard that I was virtuous before, so I betrayed Wang Wei to save Zhao, which met the requirements. Now I know that Ping Yuanjun's association with people is just a bold move to show off his wealth. He is not looking for talented people. When I was in Daliang, I often heard that these two people were brilliant and brilliant. When I arrived in Zhao, I was afraid I wouldn't be able to meet them. Treat me like a person and associate with them. I'm afraid they won't see me. Ping Yuanjun actually considers it a shame to associate with them. Ping Yuanjun is not worth making friends. " So I packed my bags and prepared to leave.
Mrs. Zhao Sheng told all Wei Wuji's words to Zhao Sheng, who was ashamed, so she took off her hat and apologized to Wei Wuji, and resolutely retained Wei Wuji. After Zhao Sheng's guests heard the news, half of them left Ping Yuanjun to join Wei Wuji, and all the scholars in the world joined Wei Wuji at his door. [ 17]
The whole country can feel the majesty of a person.
I lived in Zhao for more than ten years and never went back. Qin recovered his vitality and rode to Zhao, attacking Wei day and night. King Wei Anli was very anxious and sent messengers to invite Wei Wuji to return home.
Wei Wuji was still worried that Wang Wei would be angry with himself, so he warned his guests: "Whoever dares to inform Wang Wei's envoy will be put to death." All the guests turned their backs on Wei and came to Zhao. No one dared to persuade his son to return to Wei.
At this time, Mao Gong and Gong Xue went to see their son and said, "My son is so respected in Zhao and is famous as a vassal only because of the existence of Wei. Now the state of Qin is attacking the state of Wei, and the state of Wei is in danger, leaving his son alone. If Qin breaks through the girder and razes the ancestral temple of your ancestors to the ground, what face does that son have to live in the world? " Words haven't say that finish, his face changed immediately, and told the driver to drive the car quickly and go back to save Wei. Wei Wuji and King Wei Anli haven't seen each other for ten years, so when they meet again, they can't help crying. Wei Anli made Wei Wuji a general and appointed him as the supreme commander of Wei Jun. [ 19]
In 247 BC, Wei Wuji sent envoys to various vassal states for help. When all countries knew that they had become a general in the world, they all sent troops to save Wei. Wei Wuji led the allied forces of five vassal states to defeat Qin Jun in the south of the Yellow River, which made Meng Ao, the general of Qin State, be defeated and flee. Allied forces attacked Hangu Pass, but Qin Jun closed the door and dared not go any further. The victory of the state of Qin shocked the world, and all the guests of the princes dedicated the art of war to him. Wei Wuji wrote a book, which was later called The Art of War by Wei Gongzi. [20]
Die of depression
The king of Qin was afraid of Xinlingjun, so he sent people to Wei to alienate Wang Wei and Xinlingjun. At the same time, people were sent to Wei to pretend to congratulate Xin Lingjun on his accession to the throne. Therefore, Wang Wei was more suspicious of Xin Lingjun, so he sent someone else to take charge of Wei instead of Xin Lingjun, and the plan of the five countries attacking Qin failed.
Xin has been disheartened ever since. After returning to Wei, he stopped going to court and indulged in debauchery every day. Four years later (243 BC), he died. Since then, Wei has lost the last pillar. After 18, Wei was destroyed. [2 1]
Historical evaluation editor
Zhao Haoqi Cheng Xiao: "Since ancient times, there have been no sages and grandchildren." [22]
Xunzi: "A new sum to Wei." [23]
Guo Zi: "Gongzi Wuji followed suit for the world, killed Jinbi, led Wei Bing to save the siege of Han, and made Fu Qin lose the world."
Shrink high: "Xin is a human being, fierce and for personal use." [24]
Jia Yi: "At this time, there are Meng Chang, Zhao Pingyuan, Chu Youchun Shen and Wei Ling. These four gentlemen are wise and faithful, generous and kind, and respect the virtuous and emphasize the Tao. "
Sima Qian: "I asked the so-called Yimen after passing through the market of the girder." Yimen, the east gate of the city. There are also people who like scholars in the world, but I believe that people who go in and out of caves in Ling Jun are shameless and useful in making friends. A famous minister is an ear. Every time Gaozu passes by, the people will worship endlessly. "[22]" You can be poor and humble because you are rich, and you can be blamed for being unworthy. Only by believing in Ling Jun can you do this. "
Cao Zhi: "Ruowen and Wu Jiyu were handsome sons in ancient times, both of them were benevolent and flying, and their Taoism leaped forward, and they were bad at wandering. They resisted Zhiyun and Lingkuai princes and left the world, waving their clothes as the wind of nine wild places and being generous as a rainbow." [25]
Zuo Si: "Do it a thousand times, and the princes will stop it." You are not my respect, you are more important than the mountain. From Qin to Zhao. Wei Zhen believes that Ling Jun's name is Ruo Lanfen. "
Xie Lingyun: "It is based on the respect of Xinling Jun, and Jane is in the heart of Gaozu. Looking at all the ways, I won the seal of Han Long Dynasty. Looking at history and sighing about the past, Qin Zi is really beautiful. "
Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty: "In the past, Qin was unscrupulous and arrogant. The previous generation was famous, and the younger generation Wang Sizhong. " [26]
Sima Zhen: "Corporal Xin Lingjun, neighboring countries are inclined. Because of my son, I dare not add soldiers. I know Zhu Hai quite well and pay tribute to Hou Ying. Then he resigned from Zhao Cheng contemptuously. Mao Xuezhong, eternal music. " [22]
Li Bai: "Girder your son, the sky is overcast." Saved Zhao Fu, saved Wei, and will be famous all over the world. "
Portrait of Wei Wuji
Si Kongtu: "There is a handful of earth on the tomb of Xinlingjun." [28]
Zhao Kuangyin: "Wei has a son who is unscrupulous and has recovered lost ground." [29]
Xu Jun: "The late master is determined to endanger Zhao, and Mao Xuemou will return to the main beam. Knowing it clearly and doing it is related to the life and death of the country. " [30]
Wang Shizhen: "The good people of the three fairs are also proud of themselves; I believe that good people can save Wei. "
Lunan: "I heard that your son is Xinlingjun. The shock wave is even autumn water, and the British wind has long clouds. " [3 1]
Li Mengyang: "There was once a Xinlingjun in Liangyuan, whose name competed with Daihua."
Mao Kun: "Among the more than 2,500 words in the biography, there are 147 places that directly call' childe'. Tai Shigong's admiration is beyond words, and he sighs infinitely. It is a pity that the act of rewarding the son is related to the safety of the world and the son was finally abandoned. "
Hong: "Innovation is closely related to the survival of the six countries. If Meng Chang, Pingyuan and Chunshen are all kings, they will be complacent with their diners and have nothing to do with the country. "
Xu Xianping: "There are historical masterpieces handed down from generation to generation, and there are historical masterpieces that love customers like kings, which really make readers feel generous and sad;" Looking back, I ask who can pull out talents. " [32]
Li Wanfang: "The four kings of the Warring States all know people who are eager to learn, but they believe in the goodness of Ling Jun, out of the center and based on his benevolence and wisdom. Wisdom knows how to use people, is good at treating virtuous people, and has its own inexhaustible true meaning, which is comparable to those who don't insist on pretending, so this sage is willing to use it. Yu Sanjun, Meng Wei, is selfish, and the plains people are arrogant. The less Huang Xie there is, all kinds of good people take care of themselves, and Xin Lingjun thinks that the country is not bad. " [33]
Qian Weicheng said, "The new emissary, the vassal fled for his life, and did not dare to follow. Benevolence is in the hearts of the people, and power is enough to win. " And what did Tang and Wu do if they believed that they could save the people and oppose violence? I'm not in a hurry for utility, but I have a heart to help people with disaster relief. I am a great power in the world, and my achievements are unparalleled. "
Soup harmony; "At that time, Qin was extremely distressed, and the ministers of the six countries had equal status, but Xin Lingjun was really a corporal, and one person could bind Qin."
Zhang: "Handan should be in the same robe as Fu, and the son is proud. Many clothes belong to Zhao Sheng, who will go to Meng Ao in shining armor. On the girder, the guest wields a solitary sword, and the bedroom army wins the "Six Towers". I can do it in Liang Jing today, and I am ashamed to drink Artemisia without a glass of wine. " [34]
Liang Qichao: "In the new Ling Jun, thousands of guests are in the lion's den, worrying about the difficulties of their friends. The commentators are well aware of the sons who have a list of plain toilets, Meng Changjun and Chunshen. "
Xu Shichang: "The king of the six countries is not enough to save the weak Zhao, and the only son can retreat to two."
Wu: "The chess table has not lost the overall situation, the universe is still waiting for sin, and the wine girl is short of breath. Who will trust Ling Jun in the future? "
Chen Yi: "Wine and women, childe is dead. Unfortunately, without the overall situation, I can't do it myself. "
Posterity commemorative editor
When Emperor Gaozu was in a humble position, he had heard about the virtue and talent of Wei Gongzi many times. After he became emperor, he often went to sacrifice to his son every time he passed the girder.
In BC 195, he came back from the front, where he defeated the rebel general Qing Bu. When he passed the girder, he arranged five families for his son to guard his tomb and let them sacrifice to his son for generations. [35]
Behind Xin Lingjun, he was also admired by many people in the girder and regarded as a god. There is Xinlingjun Temple in the girder, which was later changed to Dasuoguo Temple. There is a cloud in Qing dynasty: Mao talks about Xiao, and I write to the mausoleum. It is recorded in the Outline of Different Traces that most Kaifeng travelers go out to do business with the incense of Xinlingjun in order to have a safe journey. After believing that it was a royal family, some descendants changed their surnames to Wang, and later generations included King Jingzhao. [36-37]
Film and television image editing
1996 Eastern Zhou Dynasty: Xing Minshan plays Wei Wuji;
Wei Wuji's film and television image (3 photos)
200 1 Searching for Qin: played by Ceng Weiquan;
In 2008, the west wind was fierce: Chen Zhihui played Wei Wuji;
20 10 die hard Rowen symbol: William Feng plays Wei Wuji [38].