After 16, western geometry was introduced to China one after another, and it was combined with ancient arithmetic in China, which made the mathematical research in China a combination of Chinese and western. After the Opium War, modern mathematics began to be introduced into China, and China's mathematics turned into a period of studying ancient arithmetic, geometry and modern western mathematics.
1582, Italian missionary Matteo Ricci went to China. 1607, he translated the first six volumes of Geometry Elements and one volume of Measuring the Meaning of Law with Xu Guangqi, and compiled Yi Rong's Pen Meaning with Li Zhizao. 1629, Xu Guangqi was appointed by the Ministry of Rites to supervise the revision of the calendar. Under his auspices, he compiled the almanac of Chongzhen (137). The almanac of Chongzhen mainly introduces the geocentric theory of European astronomer Tycho. As the mathematical basis of this theory, it also introduces Greek geometry, some trigonometry of Yushan in Europe, Napier's calculation, Galileo's scale specification and other calculation tools.
Among the western mathematics introduced to China, The Elements of Geometry has the greatest influence. The Elements of Geometry is China's first mathematical translation. Most mathematical terms are the first, and many are still in use today. Xu Guangqi, think about it? No doubt? 、? No need to change? ,? There is no one in the world who doesn't study hard? . The Elements of Geometry is a must-read for mathematicians in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which has a great influence on their research work.
There are many books handed down from generation to generation by beginners in the Qing Dynasty by studying Chinese and Western mathematics. Among them, Wang Xichan's Illustration, Mei's Collected Works (including 13 kinds of mathematical works ***40 volumes) and Visual Research have great influence. Mei Wending is a master of western mathematics. He sorted out and studied the solution of linear equations, Pythagorean solution and the method of finding positive roots of higher powers in traditional mathematics, which brought vitality to the dying mathematics of Ming Dynasty. Xirao Nian's Vision is the first book in China to introduce the western perspective.
Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty attached great importance to western science. Besides studying astronomy and mathematics by himself, he also trained some talents and translated some works. After Yongzheng acceded to the throne, he closed his door to the outside world, which led to the cessation of importing western science into China and the implementation of a high-handed policy at home. As a result, ordinary scholars can't get in touch with western mathematics and dare not ask themselves what they have learned, so they bury themselves in studying ancient books. During the reign of Ganjia, the Ganjia school, which mainly focused on textual research, gradually formed.
With the collection and annotation of Ten Books of Calculating Classics and mathematics works in Song and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared a climax of learning traditional mathematics. Among them, Wang Lai, Li Rui and Li. Can break the old rules and have inventions. Compared with Song and Yuan Algebra, their work is better than Chen Wenzhao's. Compared with western algebra, it is a little late, but these achievements were obtained independently without being influenced by modern western mathematics.
1840 after the opium war, modern western mathematics began to be introduced into China. First of all, the British set up the Mohai Library in Shanghai and introduced western mathematics. After the Second Opium War, Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang and other bureaucratic groups launched? Westernization Movement? He also advocated the introduction and study of western mathematics and organized the translation of a number of modern mathematics works. In these translations, many mathematical terms and terms have been created, which are still used today, but the mathematical symbols used have generally been eliminated. After the Reform Movement of 1898, new law schools were established in various places, and these works became the main textbooks.
While translating western mathematical works, Chinese scholars have also done some research and written some works, the most important of which are Li's "Solution to the Transformation of a Sharp Cone" and "Solution to Several Roots". Xia Wanxiang's illustration hole method, illustration song, illustration song, etc. They are all research results that will connect Chinese and western academic thoughts.
Because the imported modern mathematics needs a process of digestion and absorption, and the rulers in the late Qing Dynasty are very corrupt, overwhelmed by the impact of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement and plundered by imperialist powers, they have no time to take care of mathematical research. It was not until the May 4th Movement of 19 19 that the study of modern mathematics in China really began.