Sacrifice to Confucius Songs
(2011-03-12 07:35:55)
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Sacrifice to Confucius
Legs and Songs
Yang Sai
Music and Literature
Miscellaneous Talk
Category: No. Chapter One: Pre-Qin Music and Literature
In ancient times, Confucius temples in various places celebrated the annual Spring Festival, Christmas (Confucius’ birthday on the 27th of the eighth lunar month), and the middle months of the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter, that is, the second, fifth and eighth day of the lunar calendar. , on the day of Shangding in December, sacrifices to Confucius are routinely performed, which are called national sacrifices and Ding sacrifices. There are special music and dances for worshiping Confucius, which mainly include music scores, lyrics, and dance figures combined with the ceremony. This is an important part of the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Confucius Temple. The music scores, lyrics, and dance appearances of the music and dance performed to commemorate Confucius were all determined by the emperor, and no one was allowed to modify them without authorization. Since the rituals and music of the past dynasties do not follow each other, the music and dance performed to worship Confucius have also developed and changed in the past dynasties. In the 23rd year of Yuanjia, Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty (445), music and songs were played as music to commemorate Confucius and Buddha. In the first year of Renshou (601), Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty formulated the music and dance to commemorate Confucius and designated it as the special music and dance to commemorate Confucius and Buddha. In the Tang Dynasty, there were twelve chapters with twelve hes; after the Five Dynasties, Han Yong was twelve percent, and in the later Zhou Dynasty, it was changed to twelve shun; in the Song Dynasty, it was twelve ans; in the Yuan Dynasty, it was changed to nineteen chapters, and it was nineteen Ming; in the Ming Dynasty, it was changed to six chapters. Liuhe. In the Kangxi year of the Qing Dynasty, Liuhe in the Ming Dynasty was changed to Liuping, namely Zhaoping, Ningping, Anping, Jingping, and Xianping (revised); in the Qianlong year, Liuping was officially designated as Zhaoping, Xuanping, Zhiping, Xuping, Yiping, Morality is equal. Ping means peace in the world. The music and dance dedicated to Confucius mainly praise the achievements of Confucius during his lifetime, and the lyrics are all classic, mostly from the Analects of Confucius, Mencius, The Book of Songs, The Great Learning, Zhouli, Shangshu and other classic documents, and its music scores have also been recorded throughout the ages. They do not follow each other.
1. Welcome the Gods
Welcome the Gods Zhaoping: At the beginning of the ceremony, we welcome the Gods first and play the Song of Welcoming the Gods, which is the song of Zhaoping. The record of music dedicated to Confucius in the Song Dynasty says: "The music to welcome the gods to peace and tranquility: Huang Zhong is the palace, Da Lu is the horn, Tai Cu is the emblem, and Ying Zhong is the feather." Zhaoping: Zhao, Xian Yang. It also uses rhyme, which is the music of "Yun" in the time of Yao and Shun. "Book? Yiji": "90% of "Xiao Shao", Feng Huang came to the ceremony." Kong Chuan: ""Shao", Shun's name." "The Analects of Confucius? Shu Er": "Zi Zai heard "Shao", March does not know the taste of meat.”
Great Confucius: Confucius is great. "Historical Records: The Family of Confucius" records that Zigong believed that Confucius said: "Looking up makes you taller, drilling makes you strong." "The Analects of Confucius" Zihan: "The Daxiang Party members said: Confucius is great, he is learned but has no fame." Kong Shu : "Zhengyi said: This chapter talks about Confucius' Taoism and his art. The Daxiang party members said: Confucius is great. He is a man of erudition but has never become famous. Daxiang people are also the name of the party, and five hundred families are the party. The people of this party are beautiful. Confucius was knowledgeable in Taoism, but he was not a famous disciple. He heard that his disciples said: Why should I hold on to control? To shoot? I hold on to control. Confucius heard that people were beautiful and inherited it, so he said this with humility. The disciple said: "What do I hold on to among the six arts? Can I hold on to control? Can I hold on to shooting?" He said he was doubtful and undecided, but he also pointed out modestly. "I hold on to control, thinking that I am a servant of others." This is the inferiority of the six arts. Confucius wanted to call him the inferiority of the six arts, so he said that he was very modest."
Mencius called Confucius a prophet. "Mencius: Ten Thousand Chapters 1": "Heaven created this people so that they can perceive first and then know, and make them aware first and then wake up." "Mencius Annotated Collection" Volume 11 "Gaozi Chapter 1": "The sage got me first. The heart is the same as the ear, so the joy of reason and meaning is as pleasing to my heart as a worm's mouth." Note: "Mencius said that all people's hearts are pleased with reason and meaning, but the sage is aware of this ear in advance, so there is no difference. "Human beings." Confucius divided people into three types: "precognition", "late awareness" and "unconsciousness". "The Analects of Confucius? Ji Shi": "The Master said: Those who are born knowing are the best; those who know by learning are the second; those who are tired and learn to know are the second; those who are tired but do not learn, the people are inferior." "The Analects of Confucius? Yong Ye": "Confucius said: People above the middle level can talk about Shang, but those below the middle level cannot talk about Shang. Mingdao says Shang, knowing things about high people, cannot be reported to people below the middle level, and it is beyond the limit. ."
With heaven and earth: Confucius' virtue can be compared with heaven and earth, as thick as the sky and as thick as the high ground, and will last forever. "Book of Rites? Zhongyong": Confucius said: "If you can express the nature of things, you can praise the transforming sounds of heaven and earth; if you can praise the transforming sounds of heaven and earth, you can be in harmony with heaven." Zhu Xi's note: "Being in harmony with heaven and earth means that with Heaven and earth stand side by side and become three. "Shen Tong San means that Confucius can stand side by side with heaven and earth. Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty's "The Essence of the Analects of Confucius": "The Master said: At ten, I am determined to learn; at thirty, I am established; at forty, I am not confused; at fifty, I know the destiny; at sixty, my ears are obedient; at seventy, I follow my heart's desires without any confusion. Transgressing the rules. Hengqu said: Exhaust your rationale and then turn to fate: exhaust your character’s nature, and then follow the rules of heaven and earth.” "The Analects of Confucius? For Politics": "Those who review the past and learn the new can be a teacher." Or it may be said: "Teaching people with talents and guiding them with virtue can be a teacher; being tireless in learning and teaching others can be a role model."
Xiangzheng Linfu: This refers to the scene when Confucius was born. Wang Jia of the Jin Dynasty's "Collection of Relics" and "Historical Records of the Confucius Family": "He married a daughter of the Yan family and gave birth to Confucius." Sima Zhensuo Yin: ""Family Language" says: Uncle Liang He married the Shi family of Lu and gave birth to nine daughters. His concubine gave birth to Mengpi, who was ill, so he proposed to Yan Zhengzai. "Qianbao's "Three Days Chronicle" says that Zheng was born in the place where Confucius was born, which is now called Kongdou, in the Kongdou area of ??Lunan Mountain. In the middle, when the water is sprinkled during the sacrifice, there will always be a clear spring coming out of the stone gate, which is enough for the week, but the spring will dry up after the sacrifice.
"Xiang, a sign of good fortune. It also refers to Xianglin, an auspicious beast that can bring good luck, Qilin. Zheng, that is, Yan Zheng, the mother of Confucius. Ribbons, ribbons, or clothes.
Yundajin Si: Yun Da means rhyme and harmony. "Han Shu Jiao Si Zhi Xia" says: "If you don't answer, you won't enjoy it. Why is it so important?" "Yan Shigu's note: "If you don't answer, it's against God's will. "Golden wire refers to the metal strings on the musical instrument. It also refers to the "Book of Music". The Qing Dynasty Wei Yuan's "Picture of Jiahe Feng Guangwen Dengfu Yiyuan": "Mao Gongshi's "Li" and "Yue", Shang Que's "Yi" and "Hua" word. What's more, "Qi", "Lu" and "Han" are all covered with golden threads. "The Book of Music" is one of the Six Classics of Confucianism. "Zhuangzi? Tianyun": "Qiu Zhi's Six Classics: "Poetry", "Book", "Rites", "Yue", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn". "Han Yingshao's "Customs": "Confucius defended himself against Lu, deleted "Poems" and "Books", fixed "Li" and "Music", formulated the meaning of "Spring and Autumn", and wrote the method of King Su. "
The sun and the moon are revealed: the sun and the moon are metaphors for Confucius' virtues and the sun and the moon shining together, which are eternal and insurmountable. "The Analects of Confucius? Zi Zhang": "Nothing can be done, Zhongni cannot be destroyed." The wise men of others can still overcome the hills. Zhongni, the sun and the moon cannot be surpassed without success. Although people want to die, why should they harm the sun and the moon? "Now that it has been uncovered, it has ascended to heaven. To uncover is to hold it high. "Selected Works? Zhang Heng? Li Shan's note: "To uncover means to lift high." "Zigong's words mean: Zhongni cannot be slandered. Other wise men are like hills that can be crossed. Zhongni is like the sun and moon and cannot be crossed. If someone wants to cut himself off from the sun and moon, what loss will he have to the sun and moon?
Qiankun Qingyi: Heaven and earth are Qingyi. Qingyi, Qingping, Taiping. Han Cai Yong's "Chastity Mr. Chen Liufan Shi Yunming": "The road to Qingyi is blocked by the evil gate." "History of the Song Dynasty? Music Records", "Three Poems of the Emperor Yuan Ying of the Fifteenth Year of Jiading: Treasures of Destiny" No. 3: "The Song of the Everlasting Qing Dynasty, Taicu Palace." My ancestors and my ancestors have deep virtues and deep virtues. In the succession of the emperor, he benefited from the single heart, and the heaven and man assisted each other. Unification came, the universe was clear, and the past and the present were revitalized. ”
2. First offering of silk
The first offering of silk to Xuan Ping: Song Dynasty’s record of music dedicated to Confucius says: “Laying of coins, music of Ming’an, Huangzhong Palace.” "The first time I offered the washroom, I performed the song of Tong'an and washed the palace." "Living silk is like a memorial coin. A memorial ceremony is an offering. Silk coins are used as sacrifices to worship the deceased, and they are like paper money." "Fengshi Hearing and Seeing Record - Paper Money" written by Tang Fengyan: "According to the ancients, people enjoyed worshiping ghosts and gods. Some Guibi, coins and silk, they will be buried after the work is done. The descendants have valuable money and goods, so they die with paper money. "First offering: Ancient sacrifices required three offerings of wine, the second offering of wine was the sub-offering, and the third offering of wine was the final offering. Xuan Ping, the song of Xuan Ping. ask. "Wang Yinzhi's "Jingyi Shuwen? Mao Shizhong": "Xuan Zhao is still clear. "
Zihuai Mingde: Confucius had virtue. Mingde: virtue, the virtue of light. "Historical Records? The Chronicles of the Five Emperors": "The world's bright virtues all started from Emperor Yu. "Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty" "Zhangju" of the University: "Chengzi said that the posthumous letter of Confucius in the University was the gateway to virtue for the first time." "The way of a university lies in being virtuous, being close to the people, and striving for perfection." "In ancient times, if you want to be virtuous in the world, you must first govern your country; if you want to govern your country, you must first regulate your family; if you want to regulate your family, you must first cultivate your body; if you want to cultivate your body, you must first rectify your mind. He who corrects his heart must first be sincere in his intention; he who wants to be sincere in his intention must first know his intention. The way to know is to examine things, to understand things, to understand things, to know things first, to be sincere in mind, to have sincere intentions, then to have a righteous heart, to cultivate a righteous mind, then to cultivate one's body, to cultivate one's body, then to have a well-organized family, to have a well-organized family, to then govern the country, to govern the country and then bring peace to the world. ”
The golden sound of jade vibration: It refers to the prosperity of Confucius’ moral articles, which are as vibrating as the sound of a rock and as loud as the sound of a bell. In ancient times, music was played with the sound of bells and the rhyme was concluded with the sound of rock. Yuzhen, made of jade The sound made by the rock is the sound made by the golden bell. "Mencius? Chapter 2": "Kongzi is the time of the Holy." Confucius said that a great achievement is a great achievement. It is the sound of gold and the vibration of jade. The sound of gold is the beginning of order; the vibration of jade is the end of order. The beginning of order is a matter of wisdom; the end of order is a matter of sage. "Zhu Xi's annotation: "If the eight tones are played simultaneously, before they are done, the bell should be struck first to precede its sound. After it is finished, hit the special rock to collect its rhyme. ”
There have been no living people: there has never been a sage since the beginning of mankind, only Confucius. "Mencius? Gongsun Chou": "Confucius is also an ancient sage. How can I fail to do it?" , if you wish, you should learn from Confucius. Boyi and Yiyin were in the same class as Confucius? He said: No! Since the beginning of the human race, there has never been a Confucius. "Zhang Jiucheng's biography: "Confucius was sage, wise and moderate, and he was wiser than Yao and Shun. Since the beginning of the people, has Confucius ever been more like him? These are not personal opinions, they are based on what I have seen. "
Zhan Ye Dacheng: Showing Dacheng. Dacheng, complete morals. "Mencius? Wan Zhang 2": "The one who is the purest of Boyi's sage, the one who is appointed by Yiyin's sage, and the one who is the sum of Hui's sage. Yes, it was during the time when Confucius was a saint. Confucius said that the collection of great achievements is the sound of gold and the vibration of jade. The sound of gold is the beginning of order, and the sound of jade is the end of order. The beginning of order is the matter of wisdom, and the end of order is the matter of sage. . "Zhao Qi's note: "Confucius is the person who gathered the great ways of the sages before him to achieve the holy virtues of Si. Cai Mo's note: "This is what Confucius combined the affairs of the three sages into the affairs of one great sage." Just like a music composer, the small achievements of many sounds can be combined into a great achievement. "Therefore, in the Shunzhi year of the Qing Dynasty, Confucius was posthumously named the "Dacheng Most Holy Master of Literature and Propaganda", and the main hall of the Confucius Temple was also respectfully called the Dacheng Hall. Mencius said
俎豆千古: It means that Confucius is immortal through the ages and has been influenced by him for thousands of years. People offer sacrifices. Zu Dou, Zu and Dou, are two ritual vessels used for sacrifices in ancient times. Zu holds meat, and Dou holds vegetarian food.
"The Analects of Confucius? Wei Linggong": "The things about Zu Dou have been tasted and heard, but the things about military affairs have not been learned." , Confucius worship activities on Stung Din Day in August.
Sake contains: Sake, the clean wine used in ancient rituals. "Shi·Xiaoya·Xinnanshan": "Sake wine as a sacrifice, and sacrifice it to the male." Zhu Xi's Biography: "Qingjiu is a clean wine." "Zhou Li? Tianguan Jiu Zheng": "The first is to serve wine, The second is wine, and the third is clear wine. "Zheng Xuan notes: "Sake is the wine for sacrifices." It has been recorded and displayed. "Poetry? Daya? Hanlu": "The sake is already loaded, and the horses are ready to enjoy and worship, to introduce the scenery and blessings." Gao Heng's note: "Zai, setting."
The fragrance begins Rise: The aroma of sake rises diffusely. "Poetry? Daya? What Shengmin Shi" said: "The rice is rich in beans, and the beans are in the rice. The fragrance begins to rise, and the god is in Xin." Zheng Jian said: "The rice that is rich in rice is the same as the beans in the rice. , its fragrance begins to ascend, and God is at peace and enjoying it."
3. Yaxian
Yaxian Ziping: When Yaxian plays the song of Ziping. The song record of the song dedicated to Confucius in the Song Dynasty says: "Ya Zhongxian used Wen'an's music to wash the palace." Ya Xian: Offering wine for the second time. Chi Ping: The song of Chi Ping. Rank: normal, rank is equal to normal. "Shi·Xiaoya·Bin's First Banquet": "I was drunk that day and I didn't know my rank." Mao Zhuan: "Rank is always."
Don't be embarrassed by Shili: "Shi·Xiaoya" "Bells and Drums": "I am very strict, so don't be embarrassed by the rituals." Zhu Xi's annotation: "Don't be embarrassed by the rituals, just respect them." The rituals: the rules and guidelines of sacrificial etiquette. "Zhou Rites? Tianguan": The post of the chief minister "has nine methods to save money and use: one is the method of offering sacrifices..." Jia Gongyan said: "The first is the method of offering sacrifices, which means that if a big sacrifice is made, a big prison is used for the second sacrifice. , special animals for small sacrifices, etc., all have certain regulations. Don't be wrong, don't violate it and make mistakes. "The Analects of Confucius? Ji Shi": "There are three mistakes in serving a gentleman." He Yanji's interpretation: "To make mistakes is to pass."
Xiang Xie Gu Yong: Xiang Xie: The sounds of drums and bells are harmonious. Guyong: drum and bell. Yong, big bell. Yong, "Poetry? Daya? Lingtai": "The industry is the symbol of Cong, and the drum is the symbol of Yong." Zheng Jian: "Yong, the big bell." "The Analects of Confucius? Yang Huo": "The Master said: Li Yun Li Yun, jade and silk What a cloud! What a cloud of music, what a cloud of bells and drums!” Huang Kan Yishu said: “The bell tower is also a musical instrument.”
Chengfu, sincerity and piety. . Fu, integrity. "Poetry? Daya? Xiawu": "Eternal words will match your fate, and you will succeed as a king." Zheng Jian: "Fu Xinye." Lei Zhi, two kinds of containers, made of bronze or pottery. The whole sentence means to offer wine with piety during sacrifice.
Susu Yongyong: solemn and graceful, neat and harmonious. Describe the music and atmosphere during the sacrifice. "Book of Rites? Shaoyi": "The beauty of Luanhe is Su Su Yong Yong." Li Guangpo commented: "Su Su means the respect of the singer; Yong Yong means the harmony of the responder." Yong means harmony and Tong Yong. "Poetry? Daya? Siqi": "Yong Yong is in the palace, Su Su is in the temple." Mao Zhuan: "Yong Yong means harmony; Su Su means respect."
Yong Mao Siyan: Also known as Yumaoshi. "Poetry? Daya? Siqi": "The ancients were incompetent and praised the fashionable scholars." The King of the Qing Dynasty cited "Jing Yi Shu Wen Er Ya Zhong": "The selection of scholars is also called fashionable, and the praise of fashionable scholars is also . To choose a distinguished person is to select an outstanding person. Refers to the three thousand disciples of Confucius, and there are seventy and twenty wise men. Yan, Yanshi, wise man.
Li Tao Le Shu: Li Tao Le Shu. Etiquette and music can cultivate people's temperament and make them harmonious and beautiful. "Book of Rites and Music": "Music is the immutable emotion; etiquette is the immutable principle. Music is the same, etiquette is different. The theory of etiquette and music is related to human feelings." Confucius: "If the masters of music are harmonious, then the distance and near will be harmonious. If the masters of rituals are respectful, then the noble and the humble will be in order." Tao Shu, Qing Chen Que's "Great Learning Bian San": "Chengzi Tao Shu has many sages, and she can be the most prosperous." Confucius That is to say, he taught his disciples with rituals and music, so there were seventy-two sages.
Look at each other and be kind: Treat each other with courtesy and be kind. "The Analects of Confucius? Advanced": "Zunzi said: A gentleman uses literature to make friends, and friends to assist benevolence." Chen Xiangdao explained: "Literature comes from reason, benevolence comes from nature, use literature to make friends, and then you can use reason, and use friends to assist benevolence. Then you can fulfill your nature. "Li" says: "Observe the appearance and understand it through literature, so you can observe the appearance and supplement it with benevolence, so you are good." Confucius said: If a worker wants to do his job well, he must first sharpen his tools. Benevolence, tools are like friends, use sharp tools to do things, then be kind, use benevolence to benefit friends, and then become a gentleman. "Volume 4 of "Four Books Yinwen? Advanced Chapter" written by Lv Nan of the Ming Dynasty: ""Book of Rites? Xueji" says: Look at each other and be good. This is what Mofuzi said about choosing the good and following it, and changing the bad. "
4. Zhongxian
Zhuxian Xuping: The song of Xuping. See the previous note (33) "Yaxian Chi Ping". Narrate, state.
Since ancient times, in the past: "Poetry? Shang Ode? Na Zhi Shi": "I have distinguished guests, and I will not be irritated. Since ancient times, the ancestors have made contributions. They are gentle and respectful day and night, and the deacons are steadfast. Confucius said: "In ancient times, it is said that in the past, it is said that the ancestors have done something." In the past, in the past.
The ancestors had their own rules: the ancestors were sages in ancient times. "Shi·Daya·Ban": "The ancestors had something to say, and asked Chu Cui." Zhu Xi's annotation: "The ancestors are also the sages of ancient times." There are rules and models. "Shi? Daya? Yi": "Respect, caution, dignity, and the rule for the people." Or refers to the guidelines. "Poetry? Daya? Cheng Min": "People are born to be prosperous, and there are things and rules." "Book? Song of the Five Sons": "There are codes and rules, which will bring trouble to future generations." "Zhou Li? Tianguan? Dazai": "Use eight principles to govern the capital." Zheng Xuan noted: "It is also a law. The code and law are used differently and have different names.
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Pi Bian sacrifices vegetables: "Book of Rites? Xue Ji": "When teaching in universities began, Pi Bian sacrificed vegetables to show respect." "Zheng's note: "Pi Bian is the emperor's court dress; sacrificial vegetables are the rites of the ancestors and teachers. The vegetables are called celery algae. "Volume 40 of Song Weishi's "Book of Rites" Volume 40: ""Xue Ji" calls Pi Bian offering sacrifices to vegetables. In mid-spring, the dishes are released because there are few items to be tasted. When the sacrifice of dishes is taught at the beginning, it is because it shows respect for Taoism. When it is expressed in terms of things, it is called explanation, and when it is expressed in terms of etiquette, it is called sacrifice. In fact, it is the same. "Volume 88 also says: "Hengqu Zhang's family said: Pi Bian offered sacrifices to vegetables before entering school, and taught the emperor to inspect the students. Therefore, it means that although scholars are emperors, they must still respect learning and make them dedicated to their work. A scholar is an official, and when he first enters school, he will be taught official duties. "Sacrifice vegetables, celery, algae and other vegetables used in sacrifices.
Yulun Si Le: It means that people are happy to go to the Confucius Temple. Yu Lun, as for speaking. Lun, thinking, ethics, and speaking. "Poetry? Daya" "Wang Wen's Shi Shi": "On the discussion of Zhongzhong, on the music of Piqi. "Confucius:" Discussing means thinking. " Zhu Xi's collected biographies: " Discussing means speaking. Because of the happiness of the people, we should pay attention to the measure of Zhong and Qi, so as to achieve the happiness of Yong. "Fan Chuyi's supplementary biography: "For commentators, they lament that it discusses the meaning of bells and drums, which is ethical; for those who enjoy it, they lament that it is a joy to teach the sons of the country and to develop their own clothes. "Volume 68 of Chen Yang's "Book of Music" of the Song Dynasty: "On the discussion of bells. "Instruction: "However, I don't know the meaning of the bell. "Si Le, "Poetry? Lu Song? You Gu": "Si Le pans the water and collects the celery in thin layers. Mao's preface: "Pan River, praising Xi Gong for being able to build Pan Palace." " Kong Shu: "Those who wrote Panshui poems praised Duke Xi for his ability to build the Pan Palace. Pan Gong, scientific name. Can build his palace. And repair it. Chapter 8 says that the people want to go to Pan Palace and are happy to see Duke Xi. As for conquering Huaiyi, the evil people were influenced by the construction of Pan Palace. Therefore, the preface can be summarized by repairing Pan Palace. "Confucius said: "This is the story of the Lu people who built the Pan Palace. "
Only Heaven protects the people: Only God guides and enlightens all people. "Poetry Daya Ban": "Heaven protects the people like clothes and cages. "Mao Chuan: "牖 means Tao. "Kong Shu: "牖, is the same as the ancient Chinese character "Liao", so it is called "Guide". "
Wei Sage: Only if we obey the sages, and live the words of the sages like timely wind and rain. "Shang Shu Yi Xun": "Woohoo! The former king established the human discipline and followed the advice of others. If the ancestors were like that, those who were above would be wise, and those who were below would be loyal. "Lin Zhiyi explained: "The ancestors were like that, and they said that whatever they did, they followed the actions of the ancients and did not act on their own. ""Shang Shu? Hong Fan": "It is said that the rain is like Ruo when it is Su, it is said that Yang is like Ruo when it is Yi, it is said that it is Ruo when it is wise, it is called Han Ruo when it is planning, and it is called Feng Ruo when it is Sheng. Lin Zhizhi explained: "Therefore, when the wind goes with it, it is calm to the rain, it is to the Yang, it is to the wise, it is to the cold, it is to the cold, and it is holy to the wind, each according to its category, and inspired by each other." "Pan Yongyin of the Qing Dynasty" Volume 21 of "Song Bai Lei Chao" "The Song Dynasty people made imperial seals with four or six parallel figures and mostly used scriptures": "There are literary and martial arts, and they are plotting with the gods. They have no wisdom and no bravery. Only when it is holy. "
Yilun Youxu: The common way of heaven, earth and people is stipulated in order. Yilun, "Rizhilu? Yilun" written by Gu Yanwu of the Qing Dynasty: "Yilun is the common way of heaven, earth and people." ""Shangshu? Hong Fan": "Wang Naiyan said: Woohoo! Jizi, but the people under Tianyin Zhao live in mutual dissatisfaction. I don't know what Yi Lun Youxu is. "Confucius said: "I don't know the order of heaven and the people. Why do you ask? "Cai Chen's Biography: "Yi means Chang; Lun means Li. The so-called Bingyi human ethics. ""The narration of Yilun is the narration of Jiuchu. ”
Today Muduo: Muduo, a big copper bell with wood as its tongue. When announcing political and religious laws in ancient times, it would patrol and shake, making a sound to attract people’s attention. "Zhou Li? Tianguan? Xiao "Zai": "Xun Yi Muduo. "Zheng Xuan's note: "In ancient times, there will be new orders, and it is necessary to have wooden utensils to warn the people and make them listen. "It is extended to enlightenment. It means that the Yilun Youxu formulated by the saints is still educating all people.
5. Sending the gods
(44) Sending the gods Deping: memorial for sending the gods Songs of Deping. Songs recorded in Song Dynasty to commemorate Confucius: “Songs to send off the gods, Ning’an music, Huangzhong Palace. "Send off the gods. At the end of the ancient sacrificial rituals, people performed the etiquette of sending off the gods and let them go, which is called sending off the gods. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty? Etiquette Chronicles 1": "At the beginning of the seventh quarter before the night drain is over, eat cooked food and send off the gods. Also, there is a secretary to tell the matter. "Deping: The Jewish meaning of peaceful and prosperous times, which means that all things in the world have been cultivated and benevolent government has become popular. Virtue refers to benevolent government. "The Analects of Confucius": "Government is based on virtue, such as Beichen, where the stars are living... Of. "The function of cultivating all things in the heaven and earth is also called virtue. "Yi Qian": "Master Fu, his virtue is in harmony with the heaven and earth, and his moon is in harmony with the sun and moon. "Yao Pei's Note: "It is called virtue to transform and educate all things, and it is called brightness to illuminate all directions. "
(45) Fuyi: Fuyi, Fushan and Yishan are all in Zouxian County, Shandong Province. Zouxian County is the hometown of Confucius. "Poetry? Lu Song? Zhengong": "Keep it Fuyi, then Xu's house was deserted. As for Haibang, Huaiyi is barbaric. As for the southern barbarians, they all died in clusters. "It is said that the Fuxi family painted hexagrams on Fushan Mountain. Yishan Mountain also has Yishan Mountain, Zouyishan Mountain, and Zhuyishan Mountain. "Historical Records: The Chronicles of the First Emperor of Qin" records that Qin Shihuang visited the east and carved stones to praise Qin's virtues at Zoyishan Mountain. The poem "Zhengong" praises Lu Xi. The official document on martial arts states that the state of Lu occupied the Fuyi Mountains and unified the Huaiyi to educate them. "Poetry of Lu Song of Panshui" records that Luhou "made Pan Palace, and Huaiyi You served". The Ancestral Temple of the State of Lu, a series of rituals performed by the people of Lu to worship the ancestral temple is recorded in the poem. The two mountains stand majestically. Also, "Historical Records: The Family of Confucius" records that Confucius said: "Looking up makes you taller, and drilling makes you stronger." ”
(46) Zhusi Yangyang: Zhusi, Zhushui and Sishui. In ancient times, Zhushui originated in the northeast of Xintai City, and Sishui originated in the east of today’s Sishui County. The two rivers merged in the north of Sishui County. Next, to the north of Qufu, it is divided into two rivers, Zhu River in the north and Si River in the south.
The place where Zhusi flows through belonged to the state of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius gathered his disciples to give lectures between Zhusi, so Zhusi was called Confucius and Confucianism. "Confucius Tan Gong Shang" records that Zeng Zi said: "My daughter and I served the Master between Zhu and Si." Yangyang refers to the grand appearance of the water, and also refers to beauty and goodwill. "Shu Yi Xun": "The saints are full of words, and the words of Confucius are great." Confucius said: "The words are beautiful and good." "The Book of Han Wei Xian": "The great things of Zhongni regard me as a martyr."
(47) Jing Xing Xing Zhi: Confucius’s virtue is high and bright. "Poetry? Xiaoya? Cheji": "The high mountains stop, and the scenery stops." Zheng Jian: "The ancients admired those who had high virtues, and practiced those who had Ming Xing." Scenery, Ming Xing, beautiful Behavior. Scenery, brightness. It also refers to admiration, that is, admiration. Action and stagnation are still actions. Or refers to a person's character. "Old Book of the Tang Dynasty? Biography of Wei Guan": "Zhang Zhongsu and Duan Wenchang are named bachelors in the same column. Guan stopped them because they were not doing things right, so they were not suitable for the inner court."
(48) Liuze Wujiang : Kindness is passed down to future generations. "Xunzi's Theory of Rites": "Therefore, there is a world for the seven generations, a country for the fifth generation, a land for the five vehicles for the two generations, and those who eat with their hands are not allowed to build ancestral temples, so don't forget those who have accumulated a lot of wealth. , The person who accumulates little is also narrow. "There is no boundary, no boundary, it is called infinite." Sun Xu of the Ming Dynasty wrote in "The Record of the Winter Official Shang Shulang Bai Jun's Discovery of the Ancient Spring": "The official duties are not limited to this. He comes here to belong to someone, but to seek the secluded place and look at the past, only Li Bai said so. Although it is called ambition, it is out of the blue. It’s a good position. You can bathe your hair in the spring and talk to it. You can see things clearly, and you can see the virtue of animals deeply. The time is endless, the flow is boundless, and you are blessed."
(49) Yu Zhao. Sacrifice: Yu Zhao, recorded and promoted. "Poetry? Daya? King Wen": "I have no thoughts about my ancestors, and I have cultivated my virtues. I always say that I am worthy of my fate, and I hope for more blessings." Mao Zhuan: "Yu, Shu." Yu Ben's particle, Duoxun means to describe, Yu Zhao immediately recorded and stated that he would inherit and carry forward the virtues of the ancestors. Sacrificial matters, sacrificial matters. Volume 40 of "The Grand Ceremony of Xing Lu? Ode to the Emperor's Xing Queli": "The emperor's imperial control is the ultimate. Pi Zhen's martial arts, his virtues, and the peace of heaven and earth are solemn." Volume 125 of "Tongkao of Five Rites? Ji Li" : "I am laying the jade coin, playing the song of Yi Ning, in Taicu Palace. I present the coin to be respectful, in front of Chen Jiayu, Yu Zhaosheng."
(50) Sacrifice to Kongming: The sacrificial etiquette is very complete. "Poetry? Xiaoya? Chuci": "I wish to offer sacrifices to Qi, and to worship Kong Ming." Zheng Jian: "Kong, Shi Ye. Ming, Yu Bei Ye, Jie Ye." "Selected Works, Zhang Heng Tokyo Fu": "Di Di Zhuo Jingjia, the etiquette is clear. "Xue Zong notes: "Kong, Shiye, the etiquette is very clear."
(51) Huawo steamed the people: steamed the people, all the people, the common people. "Mencius? Gaozi 1": ""Poetry" said: The people are born with things, and there are rules. The people are loyal to the barbarians, so they are virtuous. Confucius said: Whoever wrote this poem, does he know? Therefore, there must be rules for everything. "The people are bound to the barbarians, so it is good to be virtuous." Zhao's note: "The people are born to be prosperous, and there are laws for the people." Yi, Yi is always good at virtue. Confucius said that everyone is good. "
(52) Yuwo Jiaoxiang: Jiaoxiang, the name of the school in the Zhou Dynasty. In Zhou Dynasty, Jiao was a university and Xiang was a primary school. The school was later called Jiaoxiang. "Book of Rites? Kingship": "The people of Zhou raised the old people in Dongjiao, and the old people in Yuxiang, and Yuxiang was in the western suburbs of the country."
6. Cherished food
(40) The ceremony is complete: The ceremony is completed, the ceremony is successful and complete, that is, the ceremony ends. "Guanzi? Dakuang": "The ritual is completed but not reversed, and there is nothing to die for." After the ceremony is completed, the ritual ends and the sacrifices are removed. "Le Zhi of the Song Dynasty" "Huizong's House Chengyuan": "Che Dou Feng'an: I am Qi Ming, and my dignity is still there. The sacrifices are enjoyed, and the jade is warm. The group of public servants and deacons are also galloping. The ceremony is completed and the ceremony is completed. "Xianfu Liyuan."
(41) Don't be careless or disrespectful: Don't be negligent or disrespectful.
(42) Happiness arises from itself: happiness naturally arises from it. Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty's "Liu Yi Huan Zhao": "The self-generated music of Fu contains the constant nature of consciousness. A safe house is the general rule for controlling the world."
(43) There is Shu in the Central Plains: "Poetry?" "Xiaoya Xiaomin": "There are Shu in the Central Plains, and the common people pick them." Kong Chuan: "The Central Plains is in the Central Plains. The Philippine Huo is also in the Central Plains, and those who pick it hard can get it." Zheng Jian: "The Shu is grown in the Central Plains, and it does not exist in the Central Plains." Lord. It is used as a metaphor for the impermanence of the throne, and those who are diligent and virtuous will get it. "Song Cai Bian's "Explanation of Mao's Famous Things? Shu": "Shu, called Shu, is used to worship heaven and earth. It is also the first thing that people eat. Rice and millet are also eaten regularly. It is not unusual for a gentleman to make it, so it is also said to be a metaphor for the virtues of a gentleman. . Those who are virtuous enough to nourish people are the ones in the world."
Che Yi Ping: When Che Yi Ping plays the song of Yi Ping. The song record of Confucian sacrifices in the Song Dynasty says: "Che Dou, a piece of music for entertainment, washes the palace." Che Dian, the ceremony of sacrifice ends, and the ceremony of withdrawing the sacrifices is performed. "Book of Rites? Zeng Ziwen": "The internal appearance is useless, the external appearance is disrespectful, the food is swept away, and the throne is weeping." Han Wang Chong's "Lun Heng Zhi Shi": "The master invites guests to eat and drink, if the guests are greeted If you hear that there is a young son in your family, you will have to eat and drink. "Yiping: Praise for peace in the world. Yi, praise, praise.
(37) If you sacrifice, you will receive blessings: It means that if you sacrifice with a pious heart, the gods of heaven and earth or the spirits of your ancestors will definitely bless the sacrificer. "Yi Kun": "Use of sacrifices, you will receive blessings." "The Analects of Confucius": "Sacrifice is like offering sacrifices, and gods are like gods. Confucius said: I don't offer sacrifices, it's like not offering sacrifices." Chen Xiangdao explained: " Confucius received blessings when he offered sacrifices, as if he were offering sacrifices, and as if gods were present. Therefore, "The Analects of Confucius" states: "Confucius is careful about fighting diseases."
"Volume 4 of "The Analects of Confucius" written by Liu Zongzhou of the Ming Dynasty: "The caution of the sage is the focus of heaven's principles, not the fear of gills and gills. Confucius said: If I fight, I will be defeated; if I sacrifice, I will receive blessings. This is the way. "
(38) Sihai Palace of Education: Palace of Education, an ancient palace of learning. Yuan Hong Xiwen's "Treading on the Shasha? Showing the View Hall": "The prefecture established schools, the Palace of Education took exams, and the career of scholars began from now on. "
(39) If you dare not be solemn: If you dare, who dares. "Shu Shuo Ming 1": "The queen conquers the sage, and the minister does not order his prime minister. If you dare not, you are just like the king's death. ? Confucius said: "If the king talks like this, who wouldn't dare to respect the king's beauty and give advice?" "Not solemn, not serious, not respectful. "Hanshu? Five Elements Chronicles": "It is said: "The appearance is disrespectful, which means not being solemn."
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