The hieroglyph of the word mountain
The classical Chinese version of "Shuowen Jiezi": mountain means Xuanye. Xuan Qi disperses, giving birth to all things, even if there are stones, they will be high. Pictogram. All mountains belong to mountains. ?
The vernacular version of "Shuowen Jiezi": Mountains express the earth's energy. The high mountains spread the earth's energy and spread in all directions, promoting the growth of all things. There are stone cliffs and towering rocks. It looks like a continuous peak. All words related to mountains use "山" as the side word. ?
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Dongba script: the only hieroglyphic script in the world
When outsiders come to Lijiang, Yunnan, they are not only attracted by the beautiful Jade Dragon Snow Mountain and Dayan I was impressed by the ancient town and also attracted by the unique Dongba script of the Naxi people. This is the only living hieroglyphic in the world so far, and is known as the "living fossil" of writing.
As early as 2003, Dongba ancient books, as the carrier of Dongba culture, were approved by UNESCO to be included in the "Memory of the World". Among the five heritage sites in China that have been included in the "Memory of the World Register" so far, the Dongba Ancient Books are the only world heritage site for ethnic minorities.
He Lifeng (Naxi), director and researcher of the Office of the Yunnan Provincial Minority Language Guidance Committee, recently introduced in an interview with this reporter that Dongba script is the script of the Naxi people in Lijiang and is a pictographic ideogram. Character types include pictographic, ideographic, referring to things, pictophonetic and other fonts. The total number of characters is about 1,600.
The main method of expressing meaning in Dongba script is to use one word or several words to represent a sentence, and the words are from left to right and from top to bottom. This type of writing was produced approximately before the 11th century AD. It is one of the oldest hieroglyphics in the world and is still in use today.
From the perspective of the development of the natural form of writing, Dongba script is more primitive than oracle bone inscriptions. It belongs to the early form of the origin of writing. It was first written and painted on wood and stone symbols and images, and later with the development of paper After invention, the Naxi ancestors wrote these symbols and images on paper, which became Dongba classics.
Each image symbol in Dongba script has its conventional lines and brushwork, forming a fixed concept of reference, and has a symbol to represent a certain word or word.
Judging from the voluminous "Dongba Sutra" that has been preserved, there are more than 1,500 kinds of Dongba Sutras and documents that have survived to this day, with more than 20,000 volumes. There are more than a thousand volumes covering astronomy, geography, religion, philosophy, myths and legends, and folk customs. It is known as the "encyclopedia" of the ancient Naxi people.
Interestingly, in Lijiang, the Naxi people can speak Naxi, but they cannot write Dongba script, because only "Dongba" are qualified to learn Dongba script, and "Dongba" He is the "priest" of the Naxi people.
In order to protect and inherit the Dongba culture, with the great attention of the party and the government, many experts, scholars and relevant research institutions have done a lot of fruitful work over the years. Specifically, there are three main tasks: , the first is to carry out in-depth research, the second is to strengthen the training of Dongba descendants, and the third is to legislate.
As early as June 1980, the Lijiang District Administrative Office officially issued a document to establish the "Lijiang Dongba Sutra Translation and Collation Committee." In May 1981, the Yunnan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China approved the establishment of the "Dongba Culture Research Office of the Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences", which is under the dual leadership of the Provincial Academy of Social Sciences and the Lijiang Regional Administration. In 2004, it was changed to the Lijiang Dongba Culture Research Institute.
The National Ethnic Affairs Commission, the Yunnan Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission, the Provincial Department of Culture, and the Provincial Academy of Social Sciences have all successively funded the translation of Dongba scriptures. In order to save Dongba culture, the Lijiang Dongba Cultural Research Institute has compiled and published the "Complete Translation and Annotation of Naxi Dongba Ancient Books" in recent years, totaling 100 volumes (a key publishing project of the National "Ninth Five-Year Plan").
A series of books on Dongba culture have also been compiled and published, such as "Dongba Culture and Art", "Selected Papers of Dongba Culture Research Institute", "Compilation of Naxi Dongba Religion Ritual Materials", etc. The Dongba classics have been comprehensively sorted out, and academic and cultural exchange activities at home and abroad have been extensively carried out.
In addition, Lijiang City also uses a special "academy plus folk" method to train a new generation of "Dongba", allowing them to conduct academic research in the academy while still maintaining their connections with rural society. < /p>
In 2003, with the approval of the Chongqing Municipal Academic Degrees Committee, the Dongba Cultural Research Institute and the Documentation Institute of Southwest Normal University established a master's degree authorization point in "Chinese Ethnic Minority Languages ??and Literatures", and Dongba culture entered the university The hall fills the gap of Dongba culture in undergraduate and postgraduate education.
In May 2005, the "International Standardization of Naxi Dongba Hieroglyphics" project was officially established. It is led by the Yunnan Provincial Ethnic Language Commission, and the Lijiang Dongba Cultural Research Institute is the project implementation unit and is in progress.
(Reporter Ren Weidong)
China News Network-Dongba script: the only hieroglyphic script in the world