1. Classical Chinese reading is attributed to Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty
Stories in the Shadows of Lamps
- Self-reflection in Three Mirrors
Taizong said to his courtiers: If you use copper as a mirror, you can straighten your clothes; if you use ancient times as a mirror, you can know the ups and downs; if you use people as a mirror, you can know gains and losses. I always keep this mirror to prevent my own mistakes.
—— "Chronicles of the Complete Tang Dynasty"
Explanation: Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty said to his close ministers: Use copper as a mirror to straighten your clothes and hats; Using history as a mirror, we can understand the rise and fall of a country; using others as a mirror, we can understand our own gains and losses. I often keep these three mirrors to guard against my own mistakes.
Note: Taizong’s three mirrors can be called the three treasures of the country. Each uses bronze, ancient, or human mirrors, and their reflections are different.
If everyone holds these three mirrors, the Tao will be prosperous. If a bronze mirror is bright, people will be upright and know etiquette; if an ancient mirror is bright, a country will be prosperous; if a person's mirror is bright, people will be kind and honest. It can be said to be a sign of prosperity. 2. Li Shimin was afraid of Wei Zheng in classical Chinese reading. Answer
Li Shimin was afraid that Wei Zhengzheng’s appearance was no better than that of a middle-aged man, but he was courageous and good at responding to people’s ideas. He would remonstrate bitterly every time he made a mistake; If you don't move, you will also be Jiwei③.
After going up to the tomb to pay a visit, he returned and said to the superior: "People say that your Majesty wants to be lucky in Nanshan. Everyone outside is well-dressed, but you can't compete. Why?" The superior said with a smile: "At the beginning of the day, If you really have this intention, you will be afraid of your anger, and your ears will fall out of the enemy. "I tasted a good harrier, I held it in my arms, and when I saw the expedition coming, I hid in my arms. The expedition was going on for a long time, and the harrier died in my arms."
(Selected from "Zi Zhi Tong Jian") [Note] ① Hui: turn around, reverse. ②Above: Refers to Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty.
③ Jiwei: calm down. ④Announcement: Asking for leave.
⑤ Harrier: bird of prey. ⑥Arm: Arm, here it means to hold it up with the arm.
⑦Solid: Deliberately 1. Explain the dotted words in the following sentences. (4 points) (1) Good at answering people's thoughts (2) Lost in hearing (3) All well-dressed outside (4) Taste the best in the world Answers: (1) Good at, good at (2) Stop (3) Complete , end (4) once 2. Write the meaning of the following sentences in modern Chinese.
(3 points) Maybe he will be very angry when meeting his superiors, and his expression will not change, and his superiors will also show great power. Answer: Sometimes when the emperor was particularly angry, Wei Zheng's expression did not change at all, and the emperor calmed down.
(Raoxue + Chinese Language Network) 3. Why did Wei Zheng deliberately not stop for a long time when he was reporting to the emperor? Please make a brief analysis: (3 points), [Content from raoxue] Answer: Wei Zheng saw the emperor playing with harriers and deliberately did not stop for a long time while playing, in order to warn the emperor not to lose heart with things (don't forget national affairs). 4. Use "/" to divide the reading rhythm of the following sentences.
(1 point) Zheng's appearance is not more than the average person. Answer: Zheng's appearance/not more than the average person. Translation: Although Wei Zheng's appearance is not more than that of an ordinary person, he has courage and strategy and is good at changing the emperor's mind. Long Yan always offended him and directly advised him face to face; sometimes the emperor was very angry, but Wei Zheng remained calm and calm, and the emperor calmed down and stopped showing off his power.
Wei Zheng once took leave to go home to visit the grave. When he came back, he said to the emperor: "I heard from others that the emperor planned to go to Nanshan for a visit. Everything has been arranged and ready to go. But now he has not gone. What is the reason? ?” The emperor smiled and replied: “I did have such a plan at first, but I was worried that you would blame me, so I stopped halfway.”
The emperor once got a very good falcon and put it on his arm. When he was playing, he saw Wei Zheng coming and hid him in his arms. Wei Zheng deliberately continued to play for a long time, and the kite eventually suffocated to death in the emperor's arms.
3. Classical Chinese reading Read the following classical Chinese text and complete the following questions
(1)B "Jing" means "surprise" and is used as the predicate of "Gaozu". There is no object after it, and the sentence is broken and excluded. A, D; "And" is a conjunction, indicating a transition, connecting two sentences, and the preceding sentence is broken, excluding C. The sentence is translated as: Emperor Gaozu was surprised, and called him to ask him. Taizong replied: "The army will be disbanded immediately when we return. But the enemy took the opportunity to pursue him from behind, and he died in an instant. (2) C The "qi" in "Gaozu Qi from Taiyuan" means "to raise troops", and the "qi" in "Qi from home" means "to be used". (3) A "He commanded Yun Dingxing to spread suspicion about the troops" is wrong. The original text is "Taizong went to apply for the army. He was subordinated to General Yun Dingxing and called Dingxing...". It was Taizong's suggestion to Yun Dingxing. (4) ① is: Preposition, substitute; zhi: direct; is: this. The sentence is translated as: The teacher of benevolence and righteousness rises for the world. He should directly attack Xianyang and order the whole country. If he goes back to defend a city, this is the performance of a rebel. ② Kou: invade; meet in Binzhou: preposition structure post-sentence; from: make...follow, lead. The sentence is translated as: Turks invaded the border, Taizong met the Turkic army in Binzhou, and led a hundred knights to hold talks with the Turkic leader. After the alliance was formed, the Turkic army withdrew. Answer: (1) B (2) C (3) A (4) ① The army of benevolence and righteousness rose up for the world. They should directly attack Xianyang and order the whole country. If they go back to defend a city, this will It's a sign of rebels. ② The Turks invaded the border. Taizong met the Turkic army in Binzhou. He led a hundred knights to hold talks with the Turkic leaders. After forming an alliance, the Turkic army withdrew. Reference translation: Li Shimin, the second son of Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty Taizong was a smart and heroic man with great ambitions. He was able to lower his status, be humble to others, and respect scholars. At that time, the world was in chaos and thieves were everywhere. He concluded that the Sui Dynasty would definitely perish, so he spent money to support scholars and make friends with heroes. Changsun Shunde, Liu Hongji and others all fled for their lives for committing crimes, and Taizong hid them. He was also particularly friendly with Liu Wenjing, the commander of Jinyang. Wenjing was imprisoned in prison because of Li Mi's affairs. Taizong visited him in prison at night and discussed important matters with him. At that time, most of the people lived in the city to avoid thieves. There were tens of thousands of people in the city. Wen Jing had been the county magistrate for a long time and knew the heroes well, so they arranged the deployment together. After the strategy was determined, Pei Ji told Gao Zu. Gao Zu did not agree at first, but soon agreed. An uprising broke out. Emperor Gaozu had already raised an army and appointed Taizong as the Commander-in-Chief of the Right Army, with the title Duke of Dunhuang. The Tang soldiers headed west and were about to reach Huoyi. It had been raining for a long time and food was about to run out. Emperor Gaozu planned to Wanting to return to Taiyuan, Emperor Taizong remonstrated: "The army of benevolence and righteousness rises for the world. We should attack Xianyang directly and order the whole country. If we go back to defend a city, it is a sign of rebels." Gaozu did not accept it. Taizong's opinion. Taizong cried loudly at the gate of the army. Emperor Gaozu was surprised and called him to ask. Taizong replied: "The army will be dispersed immediately when we return. However, the enemy took the opportunity to pursue him from behind and died in an instant. Therefore, he cried with sadness. ." Emperor Gaozu realized this and said: "It was you who advocated the uprising in the first place, and now it is up to you to decide the success or failure." At that time, the left army had already returned first, and Taizong immediately chased separately with Li Jiancheng, the Duke of Longxi. In the middle of the night, Taizong lost his way and entered the valley, throwing He dropped his horse, caught up with the Zuo army on foot, and returned to the garrison with the Zuo army. Gaozu then led the army forward and arrived at Huoyi early in the morning. Song Laosheng, the guard of Huoyi, did not go out to fight, so Taizong led several cavalrymen close to the city wall, raised his whip and gave orders, making It looked like they were about to besiege the city. Laosheng was angry, went out of the city, and formed a formation behind the city. Gaozu led Jiancheng to the left of Song Laosheng's position, and Taizong and Chai Shao were to the south of him. Song Laosheng's army approached the east position, and Jiancheng fell. Song Laosheng took the opportunity Attack, Gaozu's army retreated. Taizong galloped downhill from the south, divided his troops and cut Song Laosheng's army into two parts, and attacked from behind his position. Song Laosheng's troops were defeated and fled, so he killed Song Laosheng. He marched and stationed his troops in Jingyang. Attacked the barbarian Liu Yaozi and defeated him. Liu Wuzhou occupied Bingzhou. Emperor Gaozu was worried and ordered the generals to abandon the area east of the Yellow River and defend Guanzhong. Taizong believed that the area east of the Yellow River could not be abandoned, so he defeated Liu Wuzhou with 30,000 troops. The sergeants were all hungry. Taizong did not eat for two days. He marched to Haozhou before getting food. King Kong generals Yuchi Jingde and Xunxiang came to surrender. Liu Wuzhou was afraid and fled to Turks. His general Yang Funian offered Bingzhou to surrender. The eulogy said: The Tang Dynasty ruled the world for twenty generations, among which there were three worthy monarchs. Neither Tang Xuanzong nor Tang Xianzong could persevere to the end. Taizong's achievements were so great! His achievements in defeating the corrupt Sui Dynasty can be compared with those of Shang Tang and Zhou Wu. He reached the ultimate level of governance, almost the same as Zhou Cheng and Zhou Kang. His achievements and moral character have been high since ancient times. From the Han Dynasty to the present, there has been no such person. The standards of the Spring and Autumn Period often have strict requirements for virtuous people. Therefore, the moral people of future generations who want to help others realize their wishes will all sigh with regret.
4. There is a classical Chinese article like this, about Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. It says that after Emperor Taizong of the Sui Dynasty read the Collection of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty
"The Past is Not Far Ago, My Master", Wuzi said to his ministers: "I have found the "Collection of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty", which has a superb literary style. I also know that it is Yao and Shun, not Jie and Zhou, but how can it be contrary to what I did!" Wei Zheng said to him: "Although a ruler is a sage, he should despise himself in order to accept others. Therefore, The wise offer their plans, and the brave use their efforts. Emperor Yang relied on his talent and was arrogant and used it for himself, so he recited the words of Yao and Shun, but as a Jie and Zhou, he was not aware of the actions of Zhou, and even fell. "It said:" The past is not far away, and you are my master!" Explanation: On the day of Wuzi in March of the second year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty said to his ministers: "I have read the book "Collection of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty". The writing is profound and the knowledge is profound. Emperor Yang also affirmed Yao and Shun but denied Xia Jie and Shang Zhou. However, why did he do exactly the opposite? "Wei Zheng replied: "As the leader of a country, although he is wise and knowledgeable, he still can't do it. You should not be complacent and be able to accept the opinions of others. In this way, talented people can make suggestions for you, and brave people can use their strength for you. Emperor Sui Yang, relying on his superior intelligence, acted arrogantly, Self-righteousness. Therefore, he talks about the benevolence and morality of Yao and Shun, but he does the bad things like Jie and Zhou that harm the people without realizing it at all, which leads to his overthrow and destruction." Taizong said: "The deeds of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty are far from now. Not too far away, he happens to be our negative teacher."
5. In the 10th year of Zhenguan, Wei Yushangshu said: I heard that it is the foundation of the country. Reading title in classical Chinese
Ask for advice from Wu Jing. Taizong has a majestic appearance, and all the officials who come to see him will fail in their actions. Taizong knows what he is doing. Therefore, every time you see someone doing something, you must fake it, hoping to hear advice and criticism, and know the gains and losses of politics and religion. At the beginning of Zhenguan, he once said to the public minister: "If a person wants to see himself, he must have a clear mirror; if the master wants to know his faults, he must rely on his loyal ministers. If the master is virtuous, If the ministers do not stand upright and want to avoid danger, how can they gain it? Therefore, if the king loses his country, the ministers cannot protect their families alone. As for Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, he was tyrannical, his ministers clamped down on him, and his orders did not hear his fault, so he perished. Yu Shiji and others , looking for it will also lead to death. The past is not far away. Whenever the public sees that something is not good for others, they must give strict advice." In the first year of Zhenguan, Taizong said to his ministers: "The right ministers are responsible for the evil ministers, but they cannot be reasonable; the right ministers serve the evil masters. , and cannot lead to reason. As long as the monarch and his ministers meet and fish in the same water, then the sea will be safe. Although I don't know, I am lucky that all the princes are helping each other, and I hope that with straightforward opinions, the world will be peaceful." Wang Gui, the admonishing doctor, said to him: " I heard that if the wood follows the rope, it will be righteous, and if the later follows the advice, it will become holy. Therefore, in ancient times, the Holy Lord must have seven rival ministers. If his words are not used, they will die one after another. Your Majesty opens the Holy Caution, accepts cud, and does not hesitate to deal with foolish ministers. In the dynasty, the real wish was exhausted and the madness was blind." Taizong praised the good deeds and ordered the prime minister to enter the house to rectify the country's affairs. He must have the admonishers follow him to get a preview of the political affairs. If he has something to say, he must accept it with humility. In the fifth year of Zhenguan, , Taizong said to Fang Xuanling and others: "Since ancient times, emperors have indulged themselves in joy and anger. When they are happy, they reward indiscriminately without merit, and when they are angry, they kill indiscriminately. This is why the world is in chaos, and it is all because of this. I have never failed to take this into consideration today. , I always want the public to give me their best advice. I also have to accept the advice of others. How can I protect my shortcomings and refuse to accept others' advice? If I can't accept the advice, how can I give advice to others? He said: "Every time I sit in silence, I reflect on myself, always fearing that I will not live up to the will of heaven and be resented by the people below. But I think of the righteous people's advice, and I want to make my ears and eyes clear, so that there will be no complaints below. I also like to see people coming to do things. Most of them are frightened, and their words are out of order. Ordinary things are like this, and if you want to give advice, you must be afraid of offending. Therefore, whenever someone gives advice, even if it does not agree with my heart, I will not take it as disobedience. If so, I am so angry that I am afraid that people will be afraid of war. How can I say more?" In the 16th year of Zhenguan, Taizong said to Fang Xuanling and others: "Those who know themselves are wise, but it is difficult to believe. If you are a scholar and a skillful person, Everyone thinks that he is superior and others are not as good as him. If he is a craftsman and writer, his business strategy is slanderous and his poetry is clumsy, so he sees it. From this point of view, the ruler must have ministers who can rebuke him and cite his mistakes. If one person listens to it, even though he is worried and tired, can he still do his best? I always think of Wei Zheng and advise him on things. Many times I have lost my mind. Like a clear mirror, I will see the good and the bad." Because of this, he gave Xuan Ling and several others a cup of wine. ("Zhenguan Zhengyao") Question 1: Regarding the interpretation of the underlined words in the following sentences, the incorrect one is ( ) A. Because he gave Xuan Ling and other people Xuan Ling and others Xu Zhi. Xu: Encouragement B. Looking for Also punish death and seek: soon C. If a person belongs to literature, he belongs to literature: instructs to write an article D. Words cause failure order: (speech) order, sequence. Question 2: In the following sentences, the meaning and usage of the underlined words are all the same. The same group is ( ) A. They all failed in their actions. If so, who can control them? B. Foolish ministers have been obstinate and have not taught the way of teachers for a long time. C. If they don’t use their words, they are sincere and fear that they will bully the king and be betrayed. Zhao D. Also compared to those who saw people coming to do something, they sent their followers to wear brown clothes. Subtitle 3: The following items can all express Tang Taizong's "opening up the world and accepting advice with an open mind". One of them is ( ) ① Every time the public sees things If it is not beneficial to others, we must strictly regulate and advise. ② The imperial edict will make the prime minister enter the house to regulate the country's affairs, and the admonishment officials will follow the people and foretell the political affairs. ③ The public servants are also advised by others. How can they not protect their shortcomings if they do not agree with their own opinions? Accept ④ Therefore, even if there is advice from those who do not agree with me, I do not think that disobedience ⑤ If you follow the rope, you will be righteous, and if you follow the advice later, you will become a sage. : Translate the underlined sentences in the classical Chinese reading materials into modern Chinese. (12 points) (1) Although I don’t know, I am fortunate to be rescued by the public, and I hope that by speaking out and speaking out, I can bring peace to the world. (4 points) (2) ) Therefore, whenever someone gives advice, even if it does not agree with my heart, I will not feel dissatisfied. (4 points) (3) Always remember Wei Zheng to advise me on the correctness of things, but I will miss many mistakes. Like a clear mirror, I will see the good and the bad. (4) Points) 2 answers (copy the answers from the table, analysis is more important -> click here) Question 1: Question C 1: Question D 1: Question A 1: (1) Although I am not smart, fortunately you have corrected me many times. To remedy my faults, I hope that with your honest advice, the world will reach peace. (2) Therefore, whenever someone comes to remonstrate, even if the things he advises are not in line with my wishes, I will not consider him to be disobedient or committing an offense. ( 3) I often think of Wei Zheng, who always gives me advice and corrections when encountering problems. Many things point to my faults, just like my own body is reflected in a bright mirror, with all the beauty and ugliness fully revealed.
6. Looking for a translation of the full text of "Taizong of the Tang Dynasty on Stopping Robbery" in classical Chinese
In "Taizong of the Tang Dynasty on Stopping Robbery", Sima Xian discussed with the ministers about stopping theft. Or please ask for a strict law to prohibit it. The above mentioned ① "The reason why the people are thieves is that they have heavy taxes and heavy servitude, officials are greedy, and they are hungry and cold, so they have no time to care about integrity and shame. I should cut down on extravagance and save money, use less taxes, and choose honest officials so that the people can have enough food and clothing." Don't be a thief, use the law and practice evil!" A few years later, the sea was peaceful, the roads were not picked up, the houses were not closed, and the merchants were traveling in the wild. He also said to the ministers: "The king depends on the country, and the country depends on the people. . Engraving the people to serve the king is like cutting meat to fill the belly. If the belly is full, the body will die. If the king is rich, the country will perish. Therefore, the troubles of the king do not come from outside, but always come from the body. If the husband wants to be prosperous, he will have a lot of money, and if he has a lot of money, he will be rich. Heavy, heavy Fu *** worry, if the people are worried, the country will be in danger, and if the country is in danger, the king will be mourned. I often think about this, so I dare not indulge in lust." [Note] ① [哂 (shěn)] smile. ② [ Outside the house] This sentence is a verb with a verb: to open the door outwards, which means not closing the door. ③[野屋] Sleeping in the countryside. [Translation] The emperor discussed with the ministers how to prohibit thieves. Someone asked for the use of strict The criminal law was used to stop it. The emperor smiled and said: "The reason why people become thieves is because taxes are too high, labor and military service are too heavy, officials are greedy, and people don't have enough to eat and don't wear warm clothes. This is an immediate problem. So there is no need to worry about shame. We should get rid of luxury, save expenses, reduce corvee, collect less taxes, select and appoint honest officials, so that the people have enough food and clothing, then they will naturally not become thieves , Why use harsh criminal laws! From then on, after a few years, the world was peaceful, no one took things that others dropped on the road as their own, the gates could be left open, and merchants and travelers could sleep in the open. (Tang Emperor Taizong once said to his ministers: "The monarch relies on the country, and the country relies on the people. Relying on exploiting the people to support the monarch is like cutting off the flesh of the body to fill the belly. If the belly is full and the body dies, the monarch will be rich and the country will perish. Therefore, The monarch's worries do not come from outside, but always within himself. When desires flourish, expenses will increase; when expenses increase, taxes and servitude will be heavy; when taxes and servitude are heavy, the people will be miserable; when the people are miserable, the country will be in crisis; when the country is in crisis, , the monarch will lose his power. I often think about this, so I dare not indulge my desires."