Language test paper
Note to candidates:
1. Before answering questions, candidates must clearly fill in their names, admission ticket numbers, etc.
The answers to all questions must be scrawled on the answer sheet, and they will not be given points if they are written on the test paper. When answering questions, you should pay attention to the one-to-one correspondence between the test questions and the answer sheet, and you can't misplace them.
3. This paper has 8 pages. The perfect score is 150. Examination time 150 minutes.
I. Reading (80 points)
(1) Read the following and complete 1-6. (18)
(1) The word "landscape" has always been used by architects and geographers. In geography, the word was first used by Germans, which means everything seen on the ground. It has a wide meaning and was once synonymous with the word "geography". In English-speaking countries, Saul of the United States emphasized the cultural side of landscape and put forward the concept of "cultural landscape" when establishing his cultural geography system. Saul said that a specific human group, under the control of its culture, will inevitably create its own surface features in its long-term activities. Cultural geography is to identify and distinguish different cultural areas, explore cultural history, and study the ways of human intervention, utilization and transformation of the environment, especially how natural landscape can be transformed into cultural landscape. In this process, "culture is the driving force, natural conditions are the intermediary, and cultural landscape is the result". The significance of emphasizing the concept of cultural landscape is that the earth is not only regarded as the stage for people to carry out political, economic and military activities, but also the object of "shaping" human beings. In the process of shaping the surface, human beings not only pursue functional interests, but also have strong aesthetic interest and value trend. In other words, people not only use the earth to serve themselves, but also express themselves on the earth. Cultural landscape is the self-expression of people, and studying cultural landscape is studying people.
(2) The concept of cultural landscape is not difficult to understand. It refers to the cultural features on the ground, or more realistically, the "landform" of culture and the "topographical features" of culture. Geographers who are used to using maps to express geographical content have nothing to do with landscape problems except drawing a few maps with cultural characteristics. But in the view of "human geography", it is not enough to just draw a distribution map. To observe the landform, we should not only look down (everything on the map should look like this), but also "look horizontally". We are used to looking at the city plan. Those street squares that are generally similar can't tell us the cultural differences between City A and City B. Only when we look at the city landscape "horizontally" will we be surprised by the differences between Beijing and new york and complain that "the style of old Beijing has been ruined". Therefore, the cultural geography of a place cannot be viewed horizontally. In addition, it is not enough to look at the cultural landscape from top to bottom, but also to work hard on interpretation. Let's talk about the origin, connotation and significance of landscape. Traditional geomorphology in geography should also explain the origin of natural landforms, but the connotation and significance of those hills and hills are needless to say. But in the cultural landscape, it is necessary and fatal to interpret its connotation and significance. For example, if we don't make clear the color meaning of the Forbidden City and residential buildings, we will hide the landscape boundary between the emperor and the people. If we don't compare the complexity of the external wall of the government with that of the palace, we will lose an opportunity to describe the mentality of officials; If we don't point out the quietness, strictness and subtlety of hutongs, we will miss a permanent form of etiquette and custom of the people in the capital. Without these meticulous "humanistic care" for the landscape, how can we clearly explain the regional culture and humanistic features of this imperial city?
(3) Cultural landscape is rich in connotation and huge in storage. Political, historical, ideological, ethical and aesthetic are all inclusive. No wonder James, one of the representatives of American "New Culture Geography"? James Duncan listed cultural landscape as one of the three major texts for human beings to store and disseminate knowledge. Cultural landscape is written on the earth. He also believes that there are thousands of words, including thousands of books and Wan Li Road, which can be "read" endlessly. Since cultural landscape is a kind of text, it has the property of words, so reading it is mysterious, troublesome, difficult and complicated. On the one hand, "reading" the scenery has its convenience. Americans who don't know Chinese can know a thing or two about China culture and China people as long as they come to China to see the scenery. Old people in China who don't know English can talk about American culture with friends who haven't seen photos just by looking at photos of the United States. On the other hand, although the landscape of "reading" is not limited by language, it changes due to the cultural background, experience background and psychological tendency of "readers". Look at Kyle. Polo's travel notes record how many cities are prosperous and how many beautiful women there are, but they don't remember how sacred Mount Tai is and how great the Yellow River is. Italian businessmen who like cities and women can't compare with people with lofty ideals in China, love the water. "Man and landscape" has become a new topic in the study of the relationship between man and land.
1.( 1) emphasizes the concept of "cultural landscape", and its significance lies in. (2 points)
2. The meaning of "viewed horizontally" in paragraph (2) is as follows. (2 points)
3. One of the following statements is () (3 points)
A German first used the word "cultural landscape", which was once synonymous with "geography".
B. Studying the ways of human intervention, application and transformation of the environment is the most important topic in cultural geography.
C. The other two texts of human knowledge storage and knowledge dissemination refer to oral text and written text respectively.
D. Since cultural landscape has the property of words, people are bound to be restricted by language when reading.
The underlined sentence in paragraph (3) is what the author wants to express. (3 points)
5. At last, the article says: "'Man and landscape' has become a new research topic in the relationship between man and land." Looking at the full text, please summarize the main points of "the new theme of man-land relationship research" from two levels. (4 points)
( 1) ; (2) 。
6. Choose a Shanghai cultural landscape that you are most familiar with and briefly "interpret" its connotation and significance. (4 points)
(2) Read the following and complete question 7- 12. (20 points)
Heads [attention]
(1) An old car was temporarily parked by the roadside. Where did it come from? It is covered with thick dust. A car full of people, haggard and indifferent, looked ahead. Where are they going? Home or far away However, whether they go home or travel far, they are all based on the same fact: they are on the road. Returning to China means that they have left home before this. Traveling far is far from home.
(2) People have an irresistible desire to leave home.
(3) Before people had the consciousness and form of family, their ancestors lived in almost endless migration. Today, we can always see the grand scene of animal migration in American wasteland or African wasteland on TV: they keep running, crossing mountains, crossing the Gobi desert and swimming across rivers, during which they are attacked and chased by wild animals from time to time, or fall off a cliff and drown in rapids. However, no obstacle or hardship can stop this huge and inspiring migration. The front line is calling them, and they have to go forward bravely. In fact, human ancestors also spent a long time in this migration.
(4) Later, mankind had a home. However, the previous habits and desires are still not dead. People have to leave home and even travel far.
(5) There is a vast and boundless world outside. The world is full of hardships and dangers, yet it is colorful and exciting. The outside world can broaden our horizons and expand and develop ourselves. It always lures people out of their homes. People will get the pleasure of life from it, or satisfy their uncontrollable vanity in the world. Therefore, people's hearts are always shouting: go, go!
(6) Running away from home may be out of helplessness. There is no place for him at home, or there is no place for him at home. His heart or body or his heart and body are oppressed by his family. He must leave and fly away. Therefore, human beings have their own history, leaving countless stories of fleeing from their homes, going on the road together, dusty, tired and haggard all the way.
(7) There is always a front in people's eyes and hearts. The scenery ahead is not clear, hazy as the moon in the fog, flashing like debris in the water. This kind of uncertainty, on the contrary, encourages people's fantasy of the front. The front excites them, makes them act, and puts them in a state of ecstasy. They seem to hear the bells calling them away and the exciting drums coming from the endless front. They walked tirelessly.
Therefore, there is a way in this world. In order to move forward quickly and go further, there is a boat, a carriage and this shabby and shabby car ahead.
This road connects home with the front. People wandered along the road. Since ancient times, human beings have been fond of wandering. Of course, it can also be said that human beings have to wander. Wandering is not only out of nature, but also out of fate. It is fate that throws people on the road-metaphysically speaking. Because, even if they have never left home in their whole lives, or have never left their distant homes, deep down, many people still feel homeless and walk on an endless road: the fields are vast and empty, and there is only one road leading to the front in front of them and in their hearts.
(10) People have long discovered that life is essentially a hard journey. People sitting in this car will start their journey in such a crowded carriage. We can imagine: the car roared and bumped on the bumpy road, shaking a car full of people, making people suffer all the way. The man looked out of the window with his chin in his hand, and his eyes showed all the confusion and loss of a man who was about to start a difficult journey. This kind of crowded car also appeared in Mr. Qian Zhongshu's Fortress Besieged. Mr. Feng Zikai has an essay, which is also devoted to this kind of old-fashioned car. His car broke down on the way, and it will never be repaired. He wrote down in detail the anxiety, helplessness, restlessness and dullness of the journey: it was really a hard journey. Of course, under this day, at the same time, many people may be traveling by luxury yacht, comfortable plane or train. They must be in a better mood than the people sitting in the car like sardines, right? If we abstract this figurative journey into a journey of adult life, we are all ascetic monks, regardless of each other.
(165438+ As the same song sings, the idea of going home has always been in my heart. Many pages of China's ancient poems are devoted to homesickness: "But I look to my hometown, and the twilight is fading? There is a sad mist on the river waves. " (Cui Hao) "Now, when I meet people near my village, I dare not ask a question." (Song Wenzhi) "Looking back at my hometown, it's a long way." ("Nineteen Ancient Poems") "When will the dream family arrive and how many people will return to the river in spring?" (Lu Lun) "I don't know where to play the flute, and I want to recruit people all night." (Yi Lee) "You must have been heartbroken before you came back to China." (Wei Zhuang) ... The inevitability of tragedy lies in: people can't go home; What's more, even after returning home, I still feel homeless. Cui Hao could have collected enough money to go home, so there is no need to be so sad. But he deeply knows that the home he misses in his heart is just an abstract feeling bred by the warmth and tranquility of home. The real home that can shelter from the wind and rain can't erase the feeling of homelessness in his heart. He can only look at the smoke on the river and appreciate the desolation in his heart.
(12) Is home or boundless wilderness in front of the person sitting in the car?
[Note] This article is a "photographic essay" written by the photographic work "Ahead". "An old car", "the man sitting in the car" and "the man with his chin in his hands" are all images in the photo.
7. Paragraph (3) describes the grand scene of animal migration, and its main function is (3 points).
( 1) ; (2) 。
8. Please summarize three reasons why human beings travel far away from home according to the context. (3 points)
( 1) ; (2) ; (3) 。
9. The underlined sentence in paragraph (7) has the following effects. (2 points)
10. In paragraph (9), "But deep down, many people still feel homeless, and they are walking on an endless road", and "home" essentially means; "Road" essentially refers to. (2 points)
1 1. The following two mistakes in understanding and appreciating the article are () () (6 points)
A. This essay is a philosophical essay with a unique perspective, novel ideas and full of metaphysical thinking about life.
B. the greatest artistic charm of this essay is the author's care and compassion for the wandering and wandering feeling of human mind.
C. "They are on the road" means that life is a journey from birth to death, and no one can escape the fate of death.
D. Paragraph (8) is a link between the preceding and the following, which is a natural transition and completes the process of thinking transformation from association to photography.
E. The paragraph (1 1) quotes a large number of famous homesick sentences in ancient poetry, which shows the sadness of "people on the road".
The F question is used at the beginning and the end, expressing the understanding and regret that the human spirit longs for refuge but does not have it.
12. Look at the full text. Why do you say that "life is essentially a hard journey"? (About 80 words) (4 points)
(3) Fill in the blanks in the following famous articles and sentences (choose 5 blanks). (5 points)
[Note: Candidates who answer more than 5 spaces will be graded in the order of the first 5 spaces]
13.( 1) Flat storage. (The Book of Songs? Yanzi ")
(2), Tianshan * * * color. Drifting from a stream. (Wu Jun and Zhu Shu)
(3) What can you do? . (Tao Yuanming's drinking)
(4) ever-changing and unpredictable. (Li Bai's "Climbing Mount Tianmu in Dreams")
(5) The rain in the sky is crisp. (Han Yu's "Giving Eighteen Members to Zhang Shui Department in Early Spring")
(6) The moon is now full at sea. (Zhang Jiuling's "Looking at the Moon and Thinking of a Man in the Distance")
(7) the role of reeds. (Su Shi's "Thousand Chibi Fu")
(4) Read the following two poems and complete the question 14- 16. (8 points)
Zhi Zhu's Ci (Ninth)
Liu Yuxi
There are peaches and plums everywhere, and the fireworks in the clouds are others.
Silver hairpin ① gold hairpin negative water, long knife short hat burned her ②.
Yuguoshan village
Wang Jian
One or two chickens crow in the rain, and Zhuxicun Road leans against Banqiao.
Mother-in-law told the silkworm bath to go, and she was idle with gardenias in the atrium.
[Note] ① Silver cymbals: silver bracelets. (2) Community fire: In the spring ploughing season, the flowers and trees in the field are burned into ashes as fertilizer, and then planted. ③ Bathing silkworm: refers to the selection of silkworm eggs with salt water in ancient times.
14. In Zhi Zhu's Ci, the words that can express "spring day" are. ( 1)
15. The following statement is incorrect () (3 points)
A. Both Liu Shi's and Wang's poems describe the beauty of nature, and the joy in poetry is integrated with the natural scenery.
B. Liu Shixu described the hard work of the villagers, and Wang Shi described the vivid picture of the villagers taking a bath to raise silkworms.
C. the first two sentences of the two poems are all about scenery, and the third sentence is narrative, with concise pen and ink and simple language.
D. Liu Shi used metonymy in the last sentence, and Wang used comparable rhetoric in the last sentence.
16. Appreciate the poem Rain in the Mountain Village from the perspective of "contrast". (4 points)
(5) Read the following and complete the question 17-2 1. (17)
Beautiful Biquan (1)
Yao Nai
There are hundreds of miles of mountains in the northwest of Tongcheng, and the county government is flat. It will be flat, the two cliffs will suddenly merge, and the screen will come back and cannot be crossed. Longxi winding, beyond it.
In early March, I went west along the stream. The rain began to accumulate and the stream rattled. For more than ten miles, there are many strange stones, including grass, pine, fir, locust, maple, chestnut, oak and sometimes sound. There was a deep pool in the stream, and a big stone got out of it. If a horse takes a bath, it will shake its head and look after its partner. Climb up the stone and overlook the melting clouds. Birds fly when they fall.
After going west, you can walk two miles along the cliff. Even if the stone is heavy, the wing is close to the right side of the stream. Or "Hanging Clouds (3)" by Li in Song Dynasty; In other words, it is named after the legend that later generations begged for the ignorance of the land. Stones give birth to big trees, and dozens of people are shaded. You can sit on the mat before leveling the soil.
There is a spring in the south, and Duan wrote a book on the cliff, saying, "The fountain of flattering pens." The spring is full of stones, a round pool, but it falls into the stream. Zuo took the apartment by the pool as a room. Before he finished, he invited nine guests to drink. The setting sun is half cloudy, the mountain wind rises suddenly, the rock wall shakes, hazel trees, springs and rocks ring. The tramp was stunned and then came back.
On this day, Mr. Wu Jiang went with him, followed him and reminded him.
[Note] (1) This travel note was written by Yao Nai (1732 ~ 18 15) in the 28th year of Qianlong (1763), and in the following spring, he followed his father (Fan Yao, that is, Mr. Wujiang). At that time, Zuo Xuechong lived in seclusion in Meibi Spring, "inviting Jun Fu (that is) and Nai to swim on the spring". In the winter of the same year, Yao Nai went to Beijing for his post, and since then he has entered the official career. ② Ancient: Bird name, namely Zigui, also known as Du Fu. ③ à n: Tongpan, Banyuetan.
17. The representative writers of Tongcheng School are Liu Dakui and Yao Nai. ( 1)
18. Write the meaning of the following words in the sentence (4 points)
(1) Even the mountain is almost hundreds of miles away () ② It is impossible to cross ().
(3) There are dozens of people in the shade () (4) The mountain wind is dead ()
19. Comparing the usage of words in the following two groups of sentences, the correct one is () (2 points).
(1) it will also/He Ming Wen Duangong cliff book on it.
(2) Come out from the middle/right wing of the stream.
A.① the same, ② different B. ① ② all different.
C.① Different, ② Same D. ① ② All the same.
20. Translate the following sentences into modern Chinese (6 points)
(1) When a big stone comes out of the pool, if the horse takes a bath, it will shake its head and look after its companion.
(2) Take the apartment that rushed to the edge of the pool as a room. Before he finished, he invited nine guests to drink.
2 1. Briefly analyze the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in this travel note. (4 points)
(6) Read the following materials and complete questions 22-26. (12)
first
The difficulty of Jingkang (referring to the fall of Bianjing in AD 1 127, and the capture of Hui and Qin cases), Qin Zong was fortunate to be in the camp. Lu people want something (a drop on the table). Qin Zong had no choice but to give a letter to his subordinate minister Sun Shuo; Yin Ji's entrustment was not delivered, and it was settled. However, if you don't quit, you will stand up with a wave of your hand: flattery is derogatory; And the handwriting is beautiful, such as those who have been very successful. The people of Lu were overjoyed and used the brine (L incarnation, meaning "capture" and plunder) of big cities (referring to the dignitaries with the same surname in the Jin Dynasty) to pay their wives' salaries. I am also diligent. After that, everyone in the language said that "people can't last long; The disasters of ancient and modern times are not caused by providence. And for a time, people hoped to win by manpower; It is because there are many failures and few successes, but it is inevitable in the body. Mencius' so-called "those who are in harmony with heaven, go against the sky and die" is also called this. " Or the play says, "But my son is in the camp, and it's good to go with the weather! "Health and longevity are also appropriate!" There is nothing to be ashamed of. People who smell it will be quick.
On August 23rd, B talked to Liu Huibo and recorded it, because he knew Yun from books.
(Zhu, "Remembering Sun Shuo")
second
Yi, the word, is from Jinling. After arriving in Hui Zong, Cai You recommended him as a counselor. At the beginning of Jingkang, Chua was defeated, which led to the collapse of the empire. The Jin people surrounded Bian, and Li Gang stopped the imperial camp envoy. The imperial scholar was rich and short (the liegeman directly presented the throne to the emperor) and asked him to stay. He dismissed the outline gentleman and said that all students would be rich and short again. The court rejected the state's accusation because it said something untrue. After going to the country, I was called back for advice. Specially echoed the discussion and entered the Hanlin bachelor's degree. After the edge was destroyed, he was flattered by the gold men and women, and he admired the gold master on the straw table. At the beginning of the proposal, he was banished to Zhou Xia, and then to Lingwai. Huang Qian Shan and Wang Boyan cited them again, so that they made an order (the imperial edict of the emperor granting an official or knighthood). Later, he denounced the crime of stolen goods and was promoted to Hong Qing Palace (a temple was set up for retired ministers and idlers in the Song Dynasty), so it was called "Hong Qing Lay Collection". During the period of filial piety, Hong Mai compiled "National History", saying that people are alone in Jingkang. Please write a letter to it, so that the book can know current events in Jingkang. Those who are unhappy, such as Li Gang, will be accused of making false statements. Maggie is convinced of this, which is recorded in the Record of Qin Zong. Later, Zhu told people that every time he thought of hate, he said that villains should not write.
(Excerpted from the Catalogue of Sikuquanshu 157)
22. According to the classification of the classics, history, volumes and collections of ancient books (the "Four Treasures"), the article "A Record of Sun Shuo" belongs to this department. ( 1)
23. The "Sun Shuo thing" recorded in Article A is expressed in Article B as follows. (Answer with sentences in the text) (2 points)
24. One of the following statements is incorrect () (2 points).
A. The word "the difficulty of Jingkang" in Wen Jia's first sentence summed up the historical environment at that time.
B.a focuses on portraying characters, while B focuses on listing relevant historical facts.
C. Commenting on Sun Shu's behavior, A and B are both derogatory.
In the last sentence of D.B., "Zhu Zi" refers to Zhu, while "villain" refers to Hong Mai.
25. In the first paragraph of Wen Jia, the author uses "shame" to show that there is nothing. As a conclusion, the writing intention is. (3 points)
26. Sun Yong is good at both poetry and prose, good at rhetoric and outstanding in talent, but his personal affairs are not included in the history of Song Dynasty. Why? Talk about your understanding of this problem. (4 points)
Second, writing (70 points)
composition
Write an article on the topic of "Silence".
Requirements: (1) not less than 800 words.
(2) don't write poetry.
(3) Do not disclose personal information.