Chrysanthemums in full bloom can be seen everywhere in autumn. When people appreciate chrysanthemum, they always think of Tao Yuanming's love for chrysanthemum and that it is one of the four gentlemen in flowers.
Chrysanthemum is a native flower in China with a long history of planting. There is a record that "chrysanthemums have yellow flowers" in the Moon Order. Qu Yuan wrote in Lisao: "Drink Mulan Dew in the morning, and have autumn chrysanthemums in the evening." It is believed that Qiuju, like Mulan, is a noble flower, which makes people live longer, so as to make great things in time and establish a good reputation.
During the Han and Wei Dynasties, people were very interested in chrysanthemums, because they thought that eating chrysanthemums often could lead to a long life. Han? According to Shao's Custom Meaning, there is a place called Gangu in the northwest of neixiang county. There are large chrysanthemums in the upper reaches of the stream, and there is chrysanthemum liquid in the water. More than 30 families in the valley have been drinking this stream for a long time. Those who live long are 120, 30 years old, and those who are young are 70 or 80 years old. Western Jin Dynasty? Ge Hong's Miscellaneous Notes on Xijing also recorded the habit of eating chrysanthemum wine in the palace in the early Han Dynasty: the chrysanthemum was first picked and mashed with millet to make wine, and it didn't bloom until the second year of Chongyang. In his letter to Minister Zhong You, Xelloss talked about chrysanthemum, saying that only this kind of flower grows luxuriantly in autumn, which shows that it absorbs the true qi of heaven and earth, and nothing can prolong life better than this herb. He also sent someone to send a bunch of chrysanthemums to Zhong You.
In the Jin Dynasty, it was very common for chrysanthemum to enter wine. Pan Yue's "Ode to Autumn Chrysanthemum" said: "English floats in the green village, like duckweed drifting with the tide." Tao Yuanming planted many chrysanthemums and often picked them to make wine. He wrote in the fifth part of Drinking: "Autumn chrysanthemum is lewd, and its dew shows its beauty. This carefree thing is far away from me. " It is believed that drinking chrysanthemum wine can not only "eliminate all worries", but also "control aging". Therefore, drinking and writing poems have become two hobbies of Tao Yuanming's seclusion. Because of poverty, sometimes there is no wine to drink, Tao Yuanming eats chrysanthemums to satisfy his addiction to cigarettes. In the preface to "Nine Days of Leisure", he tells himself this way: "I am idle, love the name of nine years, autumn chrysanthemums are full of gardens, but I don't want to take wine, and my hands are empty." Jiuhua, flower of 99, chrysanthemum. The history book Song Shu? The story of seclusion also records that Tao Yuanming sat among chrysanthemums for a long time without drinking on September 9; Wang Hong, the secretariat of Jiangzhou, sent someone to deliver wine. He told the story that "even if you think about it, you will be drunk".
Tao Yuanming loves chrysanthemums, which is unique in that he not only sees the medicinal value of chrysanthemums, but also pays attention to their aesthetic value, and gives them the meaning of personality.
"Fang Ju Lin Yao, pine crown rock column. With this beauty, it is outstanding for the cream. " This is a poem in his masterpiece "The Republic of China". The first two sentences describe the external beauty of the pine chrysanthemum: the chrysanthemum is in full bloom and the fragrance is overflowing, and the Woods add luster to it; On the high hill, the pine trees stand upright and line up to meet the autumn wind. The last two sentences show the inner beauty of Songju: their firm and beautiful posture is really a frost hero. The aesthetic characteristics of beauty, firmness and fearlessness in a secluded house are written in both form and spirit, as if they were in front of us.
Yuan Ming praised the spirit of Song drama for something. The main book of the Republic of China was written around the first year of Emperor Yuan Xing of Jin 'an (402). At that time, the author was about 38 years old and lived at home because of his mother's death. During this period, Jiangzhou secretariat Huan Xuan crusaded against Sima Yuan Xian, the official department minister, and transferred soldiers to invade the capital to take charge of the court. In the second year, Huan Xuan usurped the throne and changed his title to "Chu". All this made Tao Yuanming very disappointed with politics and had the idea of seclusion. He wrote "Returning to Mao's Spring and Nostalgia for Tian She" (the second), saying: "Long song covers Chai Men and talks about being A Mu." The poem "Stay at a respectful distance from your brother" also says: "Under the tomb door, you are isolated from the world. Ping Jin can't help it, and it's too late to live. " Therefore, in his reconciliation poem with his old friend Guo Zhuben, Tao Yuanming expressed his elegant and virtuous character and moral integrity with the spirit of singing Songju, which endowed Chrysanthemum with the personality of "gentleman".
Since then, Yuan Ming has always engraved the indomitable and fearless spirit of Song Ju on his body to inspire himself. Although he is eager to make contributions, he will never go with the flow. He would rather resign and return to the field to live a plain and real life than "hunch over a bucket of rice". When he resigned from the Pengze County Order and returned to his hometown, what he wanted most was to "welcome child servants and treat children." The three paths are barren, and the pine chrysanthemum still exists. "It can be seen that the people who loved chrysanthemums and knew chrysanthemums best in the Jin Dynasty were in the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty.
Tao Yuanming has elegant taste. He not only loves pines and chrysanthemums, but also appreciates orchids, willows, bamboos and plum blossoms. For example, he wrote the elegance of orchids: "The orchids grow in the vestibule, and the fragrance is the breeze." (Drinking) He is full of vitality: "The orchid under the glorious window is the willow in front of the secret hall." (Antique) "Liu Yuyin's back eaves are in Luo tang qian." ("Returning to the Garden") He rewarded plum blossoms with proud snow and frost: "The snow and snow sent me more luck, so it's okay to be safe. Plum willows are planted in the door, and a flower is beautiful. " Tao Yuanming lives in a quiet and beautiful nature and feels quite satisfied and comfortable. He said, "I'll be there sooner or later, and I'll tell you." Anthers are divided, and forests and bamboos are like flies. Qing Qin lying on the bed, half a pot of turbid wine. Huang Tang didn't catch him. He was alone. "(Time Series) added:" Xia Meng is rich in vegetation and surrounded by trees. Birds seem to be satisfied with their food. I love my thatched cottage. I have planted land, planted land, and I am still reading my book. " (Reading Shan Hai Jing) He gave himself the nickname "Mr.56". The spirituality of flowers, birds and trees inspired Tao Yuanming's creation, and Tao Yuanming gave them beautiful poems!
Tao poetry is light and natural, as beautiful and elegant as chrysanthemum; The poet's pursuit of freedom is as fearless as chrysanthemum; His life path is as open and affectionate as a chrysanthemum. Si Kongtu's poems advocate the elegant style of "people are as light as chrysanthemums". In fact, isn't this related to the plain and true attitude towards life?
Gong Zizhen can be said to be Tao Yuanming's bosom friend. His "Jihai Miscellaneous Poems" said: "Tao Qian is like Wolong Hao and Xunyang is tall." Still dashing in the plain, it really tells the whole picture of Tao Yuanming's character.
Tao Yuanming's chrysanthemum love
It is well known that Tao Yuanming loves chrysanthemums alone. "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan", has been
Sing forever. Plant chrysanthemums in the yard and enjoy chrysanthemums in the mountains. He even named his little daughter love.
Chrysanthemum On leisure days, I sit under a pine tree and drink and enjoy flowers. If you are in trouble, enter the chrysanthemum garden.
Forget the anxiety of life in the chrysanthemum and enter the ethereal and quiet realm of "wanting to distinguish but forgetting words" exist
There are many descriptions of chrysanthemums in his poems, "Picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, leisurely seeing Nanshan", "
The three paths are barren, and the pines and chrysanthemums still exist. "The fragrant chrysanthemums are open, and the pines and cypresses are crowned with rocks. With this virginity,
First frost and Zhuo Wei are outstanding ",while" Qiuju is lewd and more beautiful. "Forget things in this way, it will stay away from me.
Love ","I live in seclusion, love nine, and autumn chrysanthemums are full of gardens. "
Chrysanthemum is cold-resistant, noble, not only elegant and colorful in appearance, but also a touch of offensive gas.
The fragrance of people, as well as "the cold wind blows hard" and "the autumn frost does not change", have a happy life.
I don't admire Hua Rong, but I have backbone and gentlemanly temperament. Tao Yuanming put the interest and value of life
Poetically blended together, with a truly pure and calm mood spread to nature, like chrysanthemums.
Personality has been integrated with Tao Yuanming's personality, which is a symbol of his lofty and refined personality.
Tao Yuanming loves and praises chrysanthemums with noble feelings, and chrysanthemums have almost become the embodiment of Tao Yuanming.
When people talk about chrysanthemums, they will think of Tao Yuanming. Some even call him "Chrysanthemum Sage" and Chrysanthemum.
Be "Tao Ju". Even the word "Dongli" has symbolic meaning, symbolizing staying away from dust.
A vulgar, completely honest character. As Cao Xueqin said in the chrysanthemum-chanting poem in A Dream of Red Mansions: "One follows the Tao.
After reviewing the chapter, the eternal Gao Feng said today. "It means that since Tao Yuanming wrote a poem praising chrysanthemums.
Since then, the noble character of chrysanthemum has been passed down to this day. Tao Yuanming's love for chrysanthemums was influenced by scholars of all ages.
Many poems, paintings and works of art praising Tao Yuanming's love for chrysanthemums have been handed down from generation to generation, but
See people's love and nostalgia for Tao Yuanming.
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