Naoko's suspicion of neighbors is an idiom, which comes from Yan Zexu in Han Feizi's Difficult Words.
Excerpted from Han Feizi's Notes on Angel (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2000), with the title added by the editor. The author is Han Fei (Han Feizi) (about 280- 233 BC), a famous thinker and legalist master at the end of the Warring States Period. His works are included in Han Feizi.
Chinese name
Think children are smart and doubt your neighbors.
Foreign name
Think children are smart and doubt your neighbors.
transfer
zhìzáyílín
Emotional color
derogatory term
source
Do everything wrong and say something difficult.
quick
navigate by water/air
The analysis and comments on idioms and fables imply the author's introduction and answers to questions.
Overview of idioms
Basic information
Think children are smart and doubt your neighbors.
Emotional color
In the eyes of the host family, the son is very witty, and the old neighbor is very suspicious. Usually as a secular lesson that cannot be said in depth. Listen to other people's opinions, choose the right one, don't look at the relationship between the person who put forward the opinions and yourself, and don't be biased against others.
Idioms are used as predicates or attributes.
Source "Everything is wrong."
Examples of idioms
Naoko's suspicion of his neighbors is something we should take warning from.
To evaluate a person objectively and fairly, we should seek truth from facts, and never be beggar-thy-neighbor and suspicious.
Idiom fable
original text
Think children are smart and doubt your neighbors.
There was a rich man in Song State. Because of the heavy rain, the wall fell down. His son said, "If you don't build it, you must come in." The old man next door said so. That night, as expected, a lot of property was lost. The family was very grateful to Zi Cong, but they suspected that the theft was the old man's next step.
translate
There was a rich man in the Song Dynasty. One day it rained and the wall of the rich man's house was destroyed. His son said, "If we don't build it quickly, thieves will definitely come in." The old man next door said the same thing. A lot of property was lost that night. His family admired his son's cleverness, but suspected that the old man next door had committed theft. [ 1]
Story background
Spring and autumn period.
To annotate ...
words explanation
1, Song: Song State.
2. Rich people; Rich people.
3.Rain (yù): Rain, with nouns as verbs. .
4, bad: destroyed, damaged.
5. Build: repair.
6, thief: thief, here verbs are used as nouns.
7.(fǔ): An ancient title of respect for the elderly, translated here as "the elderly", refers to the elderly in the neighborhood.
8. Yi Yun: Say the same thing. Yun: Say. Also: also.
9. Dusk: At night.
10, and: table modification.
1 1, and the fruit is sure enough.
12, death: loss.
13, home: this home.
14, even: very, very.
15, Zhi Zi: conation usage, taking ... as wisdom. I think his son is very clever. Smart thinking ... smart.
16, and (suspected neighbor's father): indicates a turning point.
Main sentence meaning
1. If you don't build it, there will be thieves.
If you don't build it, there will be thieves.
At dusk, he lost his wealth. His family was very wise to his son, but they doubted his neighbor's father.
A lot of property was lost that night. The family thought their son was clever, but they suspected that the old man next door had stolen something.
Different meanings of ancient and modern times
Example: ancient meaning and present meaning
1, ancient meaning of death: lost present meaning: death
His neighbor's father also has an ancient meaning: today's meaning: he often says "cloud", and objects suspended in the air are formed by water droplets and ice crystals.
polysemic word
polysemy
1. Twilight:
At night (when the fruit dies at dusk, a man loses his wealth)
Old age (martyr's old age is full of courage)
2. Fruit:
Sure enough (the fruit died at dusk)
Results (unsuccessful, the disease is over)
3. Death:
To lose (wealth at dusk)
Escape (if you die today, you will die if you plan something big)
If you preach "nothing" without it (in response to the death of Hequ Zhishou), you must preach it.
4. It:
Its child name (pronoun; On his behalf)
His family is very wise, and his son (this)
5. one:
He/she. (person//de//modal particle: no translation//go, go)
6. and:
At dusk, fruit dies, wealth dies (table change)
And the father of the suspected neighbor (table turning point; However)
Analytical review
The old man from the neighbor said that good intentions are not rewarded, and return to simple words. From then on, the world is worldly, and silence is golden. Not on this floor. This clearly shows that it is wrong to criticize host families. The same opinion, because the distance between relatives and friends is different, the attitude is different. The so-called "thin people are suspicious." In other words, intimacy is an obstacle, which prevents the host family from knowing the truth.
In fact, Han Fei didn't mean to criticize the master of "Naoko is suspicious of his neighbor". This fable is found in the article "Difficult", which means how difficult it is to convince others, because everyone's situation is different. This is a fact accepted by Han Fei, so his main goal is to study matters needing attention that can help others listen to opinions. Shallow knowledge is one of the precautions, so the original intention of Han Fei's fable is to criticize the rich's practices-to treat them differently because of their different identities.
Han Fei's "thin people are suspicious" accepted as a fact has a more technical explanation today. The statement that "everyone is in a different position" is replaced by economic language, that is, the asymmetric state of information leads to different transaction costs, which affects everyone's judgment and behavior choice. All the efforts made by Han Feizi in "Saying Difficult" are the problems that information economics tries to solve today, that is, how to make the other party tell the truth, make the other party believe his words and finally reach a contract with the other party under the condition of asymmetric information.
In fact, no one but God can criticize the thief's suspicion. Because God knows who did it and none of us know it, we can't make irresponsible remarks before solving the case. However, Han Feizi's story-telling was wicked, and he didn't say whether he had solved the case in the end. This suspicion has always been reasonable. The difference between "proximity" and "proximity" has two meanings, both of which constitute an important way for our price analysis, not an obstacle. One is the difference in interest positions. He is wise not to doubt his son because he is the beneficiary and heir of property rights. Unless there is another problem in the relationship between father and son, his son obviously lacks a reasonable interest motive for theft. The second is the asymmetry of information. A considerable part of the transaction cost is the cost of mutual understanding and establishing a trust mechanism. "Pro" means that the cost is very low, and "sparse" means that the cost is high. Therefore, before the establishment of modern legal order and credit system, the radius of transaction can not go beyond the circle of "closeness" (differential order pattern) and extend to the environment of strangers.
We naturally know what our son is like, but we don't know what our neighbors are like. This is a reasonable basis for suspicion. An important detail is that before the incident, the owner's suggestion to the two did not favor one side because of their closeness. Neighbors "suspected" after the incident. Let's imagine that it is only a few short hours from the broken wall to the theft. Only a few people know this fact for a long time and take advantage of it. The ancients had a vast territory and few people, and the neighborhood was originally small. The population mobility is poor, and the foreign population will be very eye-catching. Which police station in the United States, Germany, Russia or France will this case be handed over to? According to the existing clues, this neighbor will definitely be the most important suspect.
In a culture without the rule of law, "being suspected" is a kind of humiliation, which may even directly lead to judicial presumption of guilt or interpersonal discrimination. In fact, this is the deep cultural and psychological factor that "the wise son suspects his neighbor" is criticized. In the culture of rule of law, "doubt" is a reasonable and generous attitude. If there is no doubt that the other party may breach the contract, the contract may not be signed. If there is no doubt that the government will abuse power, then there is no need for constitutional democracy. And you can do business with your parents without signing a contract. You can't say that people have poor legal awareness for no reason. Because the cost of not signing a contract may be lower. This is the same as Naoko's suspicion of his neighbors.
Revelation: Two people will be treated differently because of their different identities and relationships.
lay bare the truth
1. From the host: Listen to other people's opinions, choose the right one, don't look at the relationship between the person who put forward the opinions and yourself, and don't be biased against others.
2. From the old man: When you speak, you should not only consider whether your words are right, but also consider whether your position and situation are suitable for expressing such views.
We should not be biased against others, but should look at things objectively. Believe in other people's good words.
The main idea of this article is:
On the negative side, the main idea of this article is to pay attention to the relationship between yourself and the listener when talking to others.
On the positive side, the main idea of this article is: listen to opinions correctly, don't look at the people who put forward opinions, and don't be biased against people.
People who hold the same view are treated differently because of their different identities (different relationships with their hosts).
5. warn people that if they don't respect the facts and only regard intimacy and feeling as the criteria for judging right and wrong, they will make subjective guesses and draw wrong conclusions. Listen to other people's opinions and choose the right one, instead of showing them the relationship between the person who gave them opinions and yourself, and don't be biased against others.
Main idea
1. Treat other people's suggestions or opinions, not because of intimacy. (Can't recommend sages, avoid relatives)
2. It warns people that if they don't respect the facts and only regard intimacy and goodwill as the criteria for judging right and wrong, they will make subjective guesses and draw wrong conclusions, which may harm themselves. From the perspective of the elderly in the neighborhood, tell us to give advice to others and try our best to make others accept it. It is incorrect that the same thing happens to different people but is treated differently. Fair and objective, seeking truth from facts.
meaning
objective analysis
People who hold the same opinion are treated differently because of their different identities and close relationship with their masters.
Positive aspects
(from the perspective of the rich)
When listening to people's opinions, we can't decide whether there is prejudice just because their identities are different and their intimate relationships are different.
Negative aspects
(Neighbor perspective)
When giving advice to others, pay attention to the intimate relationship with others. If you have a good relationship with others, this person is open-minded and can give advice.
Philosophical theory
This story is usually used as a superficial lesson to the world.
Brief introduction of the author
Han Fei (about 280-233 BC), a native of Huaxia nationality and Xinzheng (now xinzheng city, Henan Province), was an outstanding thinker, philosopher and essayist at the end of the Warring States Period. Han Fei is considered to be one of the two people who can best absorb the essence of Xunzi's thought. [ 1]
Han Fei is a master of legalism, combining Shang Yang's "Fa", Shen Buhai's "Shu" and Shen Dao's "Teacher". Han Fei combines Laozi's dialectics, simple materialism and law. Han Fei is the son of Hanwang, a student of Xunzi and a classmate of Reese. He is the author of Everything is Wrong, with 55 articles,100000 words. It is unique in the prose of pre-Qin philosophers, which shows that Han Fei attaches great importance to materialism and utilitarianism and actively advocates the theory of absolute monarchy, aiming at providing the autocratic monarch with the idea of becoming rich and powerful.
Han Fei
Han Fei deeply loves his motherland, South Korea, but his political views are not taken seriously by the king of South Korea, and Ying Zheng, king of Qin, sent troops to attack South Korea in order to get Han Fei. Li Si was jealous of Han Fei's talent and killed Han Fei in the State of Qin. However, Han Fei's legalist thought was reused by Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, to help the state of Qin enrich Qiang Bing and finally unify the six countries. Han Fei's thought is profound and advanced, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations. He is the most admired ancient thinker in China by Chairman Mao. Chairman Mao once said: "The politicians in ancient China were basically legalists."
According to historical records, the king of Qin saw the book of loneliness and anger, saying, "Well, I can see this man swimming with him, and I won't hate him even if I die!" It can be seen that the importance of the king of Qin at that time. Han Feizi is also one of the important sources of indirect supplementary history books [2], and many contemporary folklore and fables in the works have also become the sources of idioms and allusions.
trouble shooting
"If you don't build it, there will be thieves." What is the function of a sentence in the text?
This sentence is the key point of the story, which was said by the "son" and the "neighbor's father", but it was treated differently because of the different kinship; Praise your son, but doubt your neighbor's father.