1405 1 1 In July (the third year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty), Ming Taizu Chengzu ordered Zheng He to lead a huge fleet of more than 240 seagoing ships and 27,400 crew members to sail and visited more than 30 countries and regions in the western Pacific and Indian Ocean, which deepened the friendly relations between China and Southeast Asia and East Africa.
Zheng he's route map to the west
Department. From Liujiagang, Suzhou, to 1433 (8 years of Xuande in Ming Dynasty), it sailed 7 times at a time. For the last time, in April of eight years, Xuande returned to Guri and died on the ship.
Zheng He went to the Western Seas.
On June 15th, the third year of Yongle (1405 July 1 1), it set sail from Nanjing Longjiang Port, went to sea via Taicang, and returned to China on the second day of September, the fifth year of Yongle (1407 10 February). The data of the first voyage to the West was 27,800.
Zheng He's Second Journey to the West
On September 13th, the fifth year of Yongle (1407, 13), he arrived in Brunei, Thailand, Cambodia, India and other places, saw off the tooth in Ceylon Mountain, brought it back with the ship, and returned to China in the summer of the seventh year of Yongle (1409). The data of the second voyage to the West was 27,000.
Zheng He's Third Journey to the West
In September of the seventh year of Yongle (1409, 10), we set sail from Liujiagang, Taicang. Yao, Fei Xin, Ma Huan and others followed us and arrived in Vietnam, Malaysia and India. On the way home, we visited Mount Ceylon. June 16th, the 9th year of Yongle (14 1 July 6th).
Zheng he's fourth voyage to the west
In the 11th year of Yongle (14165438+October 2003), accompanied by Ma Huan, the translator, set sail in Malindi, East Africa for the first time in the 13th year of Yongle (1465438+August 12). In June165438+1October of the same year, Ambassador Marinte came to China to present the "Kirin" (giraffe). The data of the fourth voyage to the West was 27,670.
Zheng He's Fifth Journey to the West
In May of the fifteenth year of Yongle (1465438+June 2007), Pu Rihe, a descendant of Pu Shougeng, accompanied him to Zhancheng and Java Island via Quanzhou, and as far away as the ancient wooden capitals of Shu, Brava and Malin in East Africa, on July 17th of the seventeenth year of Yongle (1465438+August 2009)
Zheng he's voyages
On the 30th day of the first month of the 19th year of Yongle (142 1 March 3rd, 2000), he set out for Bangkoci (Bangladesh). According to the historical records, "In the middle of the town, the official ship was caught in a strong wind, capsized and drowned, and the ship shouted, knocked on God for help, but the words were not finished ... It was calm", and he returned to the middle road. In August of the 20th year of Yongle. In the 22nd year of Yongle, Ming Chengzu died, and Injong Zhu Gaochi ascended the throne. Because of the economic emptiness, he ordered to stop sailing to the west.
Zheng He made seven voyages to the West.
The treasure ship set sail from Longjiang Pass (now Xiaguan, Nanjing) on the sixth day of December in the fifth year of Xuande (143 1). After returning, Zheng He died in Guri on the west coast of India in the eighth year of Xuande (1433) due to overwork. The fleet was led by eunuch Wang Jinghong and returned to Xuande. There were 27,550 people on the seventh voyage to the West.
Fleet establishment
Zheng He's fleet to the Western Seas is a huge fleet, which is completely compiled according to maritime navigation and military organization. At that time, it was a powerful maritime mobile formation in the world. Many foreign scholars call Zheng He's fleet a task force, and Zheng He is the commander or commander-in-chief of the navy. After comprehensively analyzing the world history of this period, Dr. Joseph Needham, an internationally renowned scholar, came to the conclusion: "The navy of the Ming Dynasty may be stronger than any Asian country in history or even any European country in the same period, so that all European countries cannot compete with the navy of the Ming Dynasty." Zheng He's voyage to the Western Ocean was a large-scale and well-organized fleet formed in the form of military organization according to the maritime navigation and the tasks undertaken.
Develop overseas trade
The overseas trade developed by Zheng He's voyage to the West includes tribute trade, official trade and folk trade.
Mainly to visit countries and regions.
Java, Sumatra, Sulu, Pahang, Zhenvax, Guri, Siam, Adan, Tian Fang, Zoufal, Hume, Mugudu belong to the east coast of Africa (Red Sea, Mecca) and Australia.
Historical significance
Zheng He has been to more than 30 countries, including Java, Sumatra, Sulu, Pahang, Zhenwax, Guri, Siam, Adan, Tian Fang, Zoufal, Hume, Mugushu, as far away as the east coast of Africa, the Red Sea, Mecca and possibly Australia. These records all represent the pinnacle of China's maritime exploration, more than 80 years earlier than the western explorer Da Gama Columbus and others. At that time, the Ming dynasty was ahead of the west in navigation technology, fleet size, sailing distance, duration and related fields.
Interpretation of Chinese and foreign place names in Zheng He's voyages to the West.
1, western region
In ancient times, the narrow sense of the western region refers to the area west of Yumenguan and east of Congling; The western region in a broad sense refers to places that can be reached westward through the narrow sense, including Central Asia, West Asia, Indian Peninsula, and even Eastern Europe and Northeast Africa. The "western region" in "the west of its western regions" refers to the western region in a narrow sense. If it corresponds to the following "north", it seems to be the solution of "western region territory"; The "Western Regions" in the "Khrushchev Kingdom in the Western Regions" refers to the western regions in a broad sense. In today's Indian Ocean.
2. Occupy cities and villages
Also known as Zhanpo, it is an ancient country name in south-central Vietnam today. China's historical records once called it Lin Yi and the Lord of the Rings. The local rice, known as "Zhancheng Rice", is one of the excellent varieties of rice, which was introduced to China in the Song Dynasty. After Zheng He's voyage to the West, Zhancheng Rice was introduced and popularized in the Yangtze River, Pearl River and Minjiang River basins in China. This kind of rice is called "Zhan Gu" or "James J.S.Wong" in Changle, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. Until thirty years ago, it was an excellent variety of local late rice with long stalks.
3.Java language (a computer language, especially for creating websites)
That is, the country of Bessie is located in Java. Historical records since the Tang Dynasty call it "Da Ling" and "Po". The island borders the Java Sea in the north and the Indian Ocean in the south, with an area of 1.26 million square kilometers and a population of nearly 1 100 million. It is the most densely populated and economically developed area in Indonesia, with major cities including Jakarta (capital), Bandung, Semarang and Surabaya (Surakarta). Surabaya is the settlement of Changle people in China.
4. Three Buddhas and Qi State
In other words, Srivijaya, a transliteration of Sanskrit, is an ancient country on Sumatra Island in Indonesia today, which was located in Barents State today, on the banks of Muxi River in the southeast of Sumatra Island.
5. Siam
Thailand, formerly known as Thailand, is located in the middle of Indo-China Peninsula in Southeast Asia. /kloc-in the middle of the 0/4th century, it was formed by the merger of Siam and Romania, bordering the Gulf of Siam in the south. The current capital is Bangkok, and the number of overseas Chinese in Thailand ranks first in South Asia.
6. South Tianzhu
Tianzhu is another name of ancient India, and ancient books also call Tianzhu poisonous. Tianzhu is divided into three parts: north, middle and south. Southern Tianzhu refers to the southern part of the Indian Peninsula.
7. Mount Ceylon
Ceylan, or Lion Country, now Srilangka, is an island country in southern Asia, facing southeast India across the Pakistan Strait, covering an area of 65,000 square kilometers. Is one of the ancient Buddhist countries, the main ethnic groups are Sinhalese and Tamil. Colombo, the capital, is located in the southwest of the island.
8. Guri country
Also known as "Gulliver", it is located in Kosikod, Kerala, southwest of Indian Peninsula, and is the hub of maritime transportation. In the fifth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1407), Zheng He visited here and erected a monument to commemorate his second voyage to the West.
9. Ke Zhiguo
Guo Zhen, whose hometown is in Cochin, southwest India, is a key waterway and an important port. /kloc-friendly contacts with China at the beginning of the 5th century.
10, Gourd Maugham Kingdom
That is, Hormuz, also translated as Hormuz, is located near Minab in the southeast of Iran, near the Strait of Hormuz, and the abandoned land is on the north bank of Hormuz Island, bordering on the exit of Persian Gulf. It was an important transportation and trade hub in ancient times, and now it has been replaced by bandar abbas on the other side.
Gumu is a country.
Mogadishu is the capital of Somalia, known as the Horn of Africa, located in the southeast of Somalia, near the Indian Ocean. An ancient city was built 13 century ago. Zheng He was here twice when he went to the Western Ocean.
Nanjing Longjiang 12
Longjiang Shipyard was located here in the early Ming Dynasty. So the address is in the area of Bao Zhong Village near Sancha River in Xiaguan, Nanjing today; This waterway used to be called Longjiang, leading to the Yangtze River. Longjiang Shipyard once built a "treasure ship" for Zheng He's voyage to the West, so it is also called "treasure shipyard". The shipyard of shipbuilding is called "boatman", and the site is still there, just like a huge pond. 1957, a large rudder was unearthed here, with a length of 1 107 meters, which is now in the museum of Chinese history. The length of this rudder fully proves the scale of Zheng He's treasure ship. According to the records of Longjiang Shipyard,141year (the ninth year of Yongle), the shipyard "rebuilt and built 247 seagoing ships for western countries". The former Tianfei Palace on the bank of Longjiang River has been destroyed.
Changle Nanshan 13
It is named because it is located in the south of Changle County, Fujian Province. Today, the streets of Changle County surround this mountain. It is only about 40 meters above sea level, also known as mountain climbing; This mountain has three small peaks: Ming Lan, Xiang Jie and Shilin, so it is also called Sansan. The mountain climbs very high. This mountain has three small peaks: Ming Lan, Xiang Jie and Shilin, so it is also called the Three Sages. There are towers on the mountain, which are called Sanfeng Pagoda (Shengshou Pagoda). Some temples are called Sanfeng Temple or Sanfeng Pagoda Temple; Next to the temple, there is the "Tianfei Palace" dedicated to Mazu, and the monument of "Tian Fei Lingying" stands in this palace; Next to the palace, there is the Sanqing Hall built by Zheng He. In the hall, "bells and drums are instruments, and everything is ready." The bell is "Zheng He Bronze Bell", which was originally moved to Nanping City during the Anti-Japanese War. The temples, palaces and halls above are all gone, and the towers stand tall. In recent years, it has been reinforced and transformed, which is even more spectacular. 1935, Zhenghe historical relics exhibition hall was built on the abandoned site of the original temple, palace and hall. Tian Fei Monument is the main exhibition cultural relic, and Nanshan was rebuilt as Zhenghe Park in the same year.
14, Zigong
Refers to Changle Taiping Port connected with Minjiang River. Located in the west and north of the west foot of Nanshan Mountain in Changle County, it refers to the waters of Xia Dong River near Wuhangtou in Changle County in a narrow sense. Broadly speaking, it refers to the whole Xia Dong River. This port used to have a wide river surface and deep water, which could anchor huge ships. There is a saying that "there is no wind in Wan Li to smooth jade, and there are thousands of waves in the moon to fold gold"; The Pingzhi Shoushi and Liu Ping hills in the northeast and southeast of the port can block the attack of typhoon, which is a good shelter from the wind. Both Changle County Records and Changle Liu Lizhi are published; Zheng He, the eunuch of Sambo, went to the Western Ocean, where the ship was stationed to build a huge ship, renamed Taiping Port. Due to the change of mulberry, there is only one narrow waterway connecting the small steam turbine. Most of the original waterways have become fertile fields, and some have become new residential areas. The main road of this community is called Taiping Port Road, which is vertically connected with Zhenghe Road.
Sumatra, 15
It has also been translated into Samudra, Suwenala and Suwendana. The old place is near Lokshomawe in northern Sumatra, Indonesia, and now it is the general name of the whole island. The island is adjacent to the Straits of Malacca in the north, the Indian Ocean in the south and the equator in the middle. It is a big island in western Indonesia, covering an area of 434,000 square kilometers, with Medan as the capital.
16, full of thorns and Canada
The old translation was also called Malacca, and now the translation is Malacca (14-16th century), a feudal kingdom on Malaya Peninsula. Located in Malaysia and Malacca, at the crossroads of Malacca Strait, 14 1 1 year (the ninth year of Yongle). The king of this country, Bailey, was fascinated by Sura. Zheng He's fleet passed through many places. At present, half of the residents in Malacca are Chinese, and three-quarters of the residents in Malacca, its capital, are Chinese. There are Sanbao Temple, Hang Li Po Well and Sanbao City in the city.
17, Adan
Aden, an ancient country name, is now translated into Aden. Its hometown is on the northwest coast of the Gulf of Aden, near the entrance and exit of the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean, and it is the hub of land and water transportation. In ancient times, it was a distribution center for precious stones and pearls. /kloc-At the beginning of the 0/5th century, it exchanged envoys and traded with China. Today, Aden is located on a prominent island in the Gulf of Aden. It is the capital of Yemen Democratic Party (South Yemen). 1990 in may, south and north Yemen merged into Yemen, and Aden became the "economic capital" of the country.