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Ancient books refer to books that are not printed by modern printing technology. In ancient times, books were called classics, also called documents, which had three meanings: documents, archives and books.
With the passage of time, the chronicle files are sorted out for people to read, so as to spread knowledge and experience and form a book. The content of the book is increasing day by day, the carrier tends to be diversified, and the production technology is constantly improving. In order to facilitate reading, different binding styles such as simplified books, scrolls, picture books and thread-bound books have been made.
Explain the "book" of "ancient books" first. "Ji" is a book here, and "ancient books" is an elegant name for ancient books. What kind of thing is a book? The characters on tortoise shells and cattle shoulder blades in Shang Dynasty are only Oracle Bone Inscriptions carved after divination, and do not constitute books.
The inscriptions on bronzes in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the so-called "bronze inscriptions", are descriptions of the origin of casting vessels by princes and nobles. Although the text is sometimes very long to boast of its merits, its nature is still similar to the inscription of praise for virtue in later generations, and it cannot be counted as a book.
China began to write on bamboo slips in Shang Dynasty. Todos in Shangshu said: "Only the ancestors of the Yin Dynasty had books and classics." The ancient characters of "book" are like a row of bamboo slips tied with two belts, and "Dian" is like holding a book or putting it on several cases.
However, this kind of canon was not a book in Shang Dynasty, but words like imperial edicts, which were preserved like the so-called archives in later generations. In the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period, more files were left behind.
During the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period, people wrote many four-character poems and drafted the procedures or detailed rules of various etiquette among nobles. There are also divinations made by Zhou people with yarrow; During the Spring and Autumn Period, the memorabilia written by the vassal states on the dates of the year were called Spring and Autumn Annals or Historical Records. These are all in the charge of Zhu Heshi.
Among them, except for memorabilia, which is the embryonic form of later history books, the rest are not compiled into books and can only be regarded as files or documents. By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and the beginning of the Warring States Period, academic culture had been liberated from Zhu and Shi.