This is how to use punctuation marks
Period ①. 1． Used at the end of a declarative sentence. Beijing is the capital of the Republic of China.
2. Used at the end of an imperative sentence with a soothing tone. Please wait a moment.
Question mark? 1． Used at the end of a question. What's his name?
2. Used at the end of a rhetorical question. Don't you understand me?
Exclamation mark! 1． Used at the end of an exclamatory sentence. Strive for the prosperity of the motherland!
2. Used at the end of a strong imperative sentence. Stop shooting!
3. Used at the end of a strong rhetorical question. How can I compare to him!
Comma, 1. If there is a pause between the subject and the predicate within the sentence, use a comma. Most of the stars we can see are stars.
2. If there is a pause between the verb and the object within the sentence, use a comma. It should be noted that science requires a person to devote his entire life.
3. If there is a pause after an adverbial inside a sentence, use a comma. He is no stranger to this city.
4． The pauses between clauses in a complex sentence should always use commas, except sometimes semicolons. It is said that there are more than 100 gardens in Suzhou, but I have only visited a dozen of them.
The pause mark is used to pause between parallel words within a sentence. A square is a quadrilateral with four equal sides and four right angles.
Semicolon ②; 1. Used to pause between parallel clauses within a complex sentence. Language is used by people to express their feelings; words are used by people to record words and events.
2. Used between items listed on separate lines. The administrative regions of the People's Republic of China are divided as follows:
(1) The country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government
(2) Provinces and autonomous regions are divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, and autonomous counties , cities
(3) Counties and autonomous counties are divided into townships, ethnic townships and towns.
Colon: 1. Used after a salutation to indicate the following. Comrades and friends: The meeting is now open...
2. Used after words such as "say, think, be, prove, announce, point out, reveal, for example, as follows" to bring up the following. He was very surprised and said: "Ah, it's you!"
3. Used after a general utterance to indicate the subsequent explanation. There are four gates in the Forbidden City in Beijing: Wumen, Shenwumen, Donghuamen, and Xihuamen.
4． Used after words that require explanation to lead to explanations or explanations. Foreign Language Book Fair
Date: October 20 to November 10
Time: 8 am to 4 pm
Location: Chaoyang District, Beijing No. 16, Gongti East Road
Organizer: China Book Import and Export Corporation
5. Used before a general statement to summarize the above. Zhang Hua was admitted to Peking University; Li Ping entered a technical secondary school; I worked as a salesperson in a department store: we all have bright futures.
Quotation marks ③ “”
‘ ’ 1. Used for direct quotations in the text. The adage "fullness leads to loss, modesty benefits" has been circulating for at least two thousand years.
2. Used for objects that require emphasis. The ancients had a basic requirement for writing articles, which is called "things in order". "To have things" means to have content, and "to be orderly" means to be organized.
3. Used for words with special meaning. It’s better to have fewer such “smart people”.
4． When you need to use quotation marks inside quotation marks, use double quotation marks on the outer layer and single quotation marks on the inner layer. He stood up and asked: "Teacher, what does 'in an orderly manner' mean?"
Brackets ④ () are used for comments in the text. When annotating certain words in a sentence, the parentheses are placed immediately after the words being annotated; when annotating the entire sentence, the parentheses are placed after the punctuation at the end of the sentence. (1) The discovery of Chinese ape man (full name "Chinese ape man Peking species", or simply "Peking man") in my country is a major contribution to paleoanthropology.
(2) Writing research articles is different from literary creation. You cannot spread out the manuscript paper and engage in "improvisation". (In fact, literary creation also requires literacy in order to have "improvisation".)
Dash ── 1. Used for the explanatory part of the text. Entering the golden door, passing through the spacious foyer and cloakroom, you arrive at the central hall of the General Assembly Hall building.
2. Used for sudden changes in topic. "It's so hot today! When are you going to Shanghai?" Zhang Qiang said to Xiao Wang who had just walked in.
3. After an onomatopoeic word used for prolongation of sound. "Woo──" The train started moving.
4． Used before listing items of inheritance. According to different research objects, environmental physics is divided into the following five sub-disciplines:
──Environmental Acoustics
──Environmental Optics
──Environmental Thermal< /p>
──Environmental electromagnetics
──Environmental aerodynamics.
Ellipsis ⑤ …… 1. Used for citation omissions.
She softly hummed "Lullaby": "The moon is bright, the wind is quiet, and the leaves cover the window lattice..."
2. Omission for enumeration. In the flower market in Guangzhou, peonies, bells, narcissus, plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, camellias, ink orchids... flowers from spring, autumn and winter are all crowded together!
3. Used in the middle of a utterance to indicate discontinuous explanation. "I...I'm sorry...everyone, I...didn't...complete...the task." 4. Used for semantic omission. They will always live in our hearts...
Connection number ⑥ — 1. Two related nouns are constructed into a unit of meaning with a hyphen between them. my country's Qinling Mountains and the area north of the Huaihe River belong to the temperate monsoon climate zone, with high temperatures and rainy summers and cold and dry winters.
2. Between related times, places or numbers, use connecting numbers to indicate the beginning and end. Lu Xun (1881-1936), whose original name was Zhou Shuren, was given the courtesy name Hencai, and was a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang.
3. Connecting numbers are used between relevant letters, Arabic numerals, etc. to indicate the product model. In the Pacific region, in addition to the HAW-4 and TPC-3 submarine optical cables that have been completed and put into use, the TPC-4 submarine optical cable has also been put into operation.
4． Several related projects represent progressive development, with connecting numbers in between. The development of human beings can be divided into four stages: ancient ape - ape man - ancient man - new man.
Spacer number · 1. Used to delineate the various parts of the names of foreigners and certain ethnic minorities. Leonardo da Vinci, Aixinjueluo Nurhachi.
2. Used to separate the book title and the chapter (chapter, volume) title. "Chinese Encyclopedia·Physics", "Three Kingdoms·Shu·Zhuge Liang Biography".
Book title number ""
〈 〉 Used for book titles, article titles, newspaper titles, publication titles, etc. The author of "A Dream of Red Mansions" is Cao Xueqin. There is an article in the text called "From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore" by Lu Xun. His article was published in People's Daily. There is a copy of "Chinese Language" on the table. "Chinese Workers" was published on February 7, 1940.
Proper names ⑦ are used under proper names such as names of people, places, dynasties, etc. Sima Xiangru was born in Chengdu, Shu County, Han Dynasty, with the courtesy name Changqing
Notes: ①The period is in the form of ".". There is another form of period, which is a small dot ".", which is generally used in scientific literature.
②For multiple repetitive sentences with non-parallel relationships (such as transition relationships, causal relationships, etc.), a semicolon is also used between the front and back parts of the first level.
③ Use double quotation marks "﹄﹃" and single quotation marks "﹂﹁" for direct quotation marks in the manuscript.
④In addition, there are square brackets "[]", hexagonal brackets "〔〕", and square brackets "".
⑤ If an entire article or line of poetry is omitted, twelve small dots can be used to indicate it.
⑥There are three other forms of hyphens, namely long horizontal "——" (occupies the position of two characters), half-word line "-" (occupies the position of half a character), and wave. Pattern "~" (occupies the position of a character).
⑦Special names are only used in ancient books or certain literary and historical works. In order to match the proper title, the title of the book in this kind of works can be written with wavy lines
For new words
riddle-guessing memorization method. According to the shape or meaning of the word, you can make up some riddles to help remember.
1. Riddle guessing memory method. According to the shape or meaning of the word, you can make up some riddles to help remember. Such as "three days" (crystal), "three mouths" (pin), "eldest daughter's sister" (zi) and so on.
2. Story memory method. You can make up a short story based on the special meanings of certain words to memorize. For example, with the word "bundle", you can make up a story as follows: There was a child who picked a lot of wild fruits, but it was difficult to get them when he came home. He had an idea, took off his clothes, wrapped the wild fruits, and happily carried them home. This is the reason why "fruit" is in "clothing".
3. Combination memory method. You can break a complex character into several separate characters for memorization. For example, the word "win" can be split into "die", "kou", "yue", "bei" and "fan", and the word "fu" can be split into "guang", "fu", "rou", etc. Such characters include: Lu, Ming, Ji...
4. Comparative memory method. This is a method of categorizing, comparing and memorizing words based on their similar frame structure or the same or similar pronunciation. For example, the four characters "run", "hug", "robe" and "gun" have similar glyphs and pronunciations and are easily confused. If they are classified and compared, they can be compiled into a jingle to distinguish them. For example, "If you have feet, you can run; if you have hands, you can hug; if you have clothes, you can use robes; if you have fire, you can cannon."
This is how I can help you. If it helps you, I hope to adopt it, thank you