Disciples Rules is another important reading of Confucian enlightenment education after Saint Amethyst. Disciples' Rules tells children what rules they should abide by according to the Confucian thought of Confucius. So for modern young people who have learned a lot of knowledge and skills, where is the importance of knowing the rules?
Disciple rules, sage training. The first filial piety, the second letter.
Love others, but love others. Learn literature if you have spare time.
{1} Saint: refers to Confucius, the founder of Confucianism.
{2} training: teaching, teaching.
{3} training: refers to the younger brother obeying the older brother.
{4} Caution: Cautious and reticent.
{5} letter: honesty.
{6} Wen: cultural knowledge or literary classics refers to all knowledge.
Disciples' Rules is a booklet with only 1000 words. The ideas advocated by Confucianism, such as filial piety, filial piety, honesty, faithfulness, universal love for the masses, benevolence, and spare no effort to learn literature, are all included in the disciple rules, and there are clear codes of conduct. So what will these codes of conduct do to modern people? Why is Disciple Rules concerned by many modern people? Who is the author of Disciples Rules? When was this book written? What are the strict rules? What makes more and more people start to learn Disciples Rules?
Starting today, let's learn Disciples Rules together. First of all, let's take a look at what kind of book Disciples Rules is. Compared with the Analects of Confucius, Zhuangzi and Laozi mentioned in Lecture Room, Disciples Rules can't be regarded as classics that can be enshrined in temples. Even compared with Saint Amethyst, Disciples have a long history. Saint Amethyst appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty and has a history of 700 to 800 years. When did disciple Gui appear? It was during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, among the ancient books with thousands of years' history in China, Disciples Rules can't even rank with younger brothers.
Li Yuxiu, the author of Disciples Rules, was born in Kangxi and died in Qianlong. Date of birth and death is unknown. It is generally believed that this teacher and student Li died in 1662 and 1722. In other words, he lived for sixty years. However, some people say that he lived to 83 years old. The difference of 23 years before and after fully shows that there was no clear record about him in the society at that time. If he is a big shot, history books will not only record his date of birth in detail, but also record his date of birth. During his lifetime, Li Shishi got the highest degree as a scholar. Since then, he has never been to high school or passed the exam. Jinshi has nothing to do with him, let alone being the top scholar and the second, exploring flowers. These have nothing to do with him.
What can a program do at that time? Teaching! A scholar is not a juror. Juren can sometimes be an official, so can Jinshi. Only scholars can teach, but they can't teach any good books, and they can't be the head of any academy, so they can only open private schools.
Why did Mr. Li write Disciples Rules? That's because he has been studying The University and The Doctrine of the Mean all his life. Although Li Shishi's educational background is not high, sometimes many people who failed in the imperial examination just succeeded. This Mr. Li is a typical one. On the way to the imperial examination, he was a failure, but he made great achievements in the study of the Great Learning and the Doctrine of the Mean, and was a great scholar. Later, he founded a school called Dunfuzhai and began to fast and give lectures. Mr. Li's lecture was very successful and attracted many people to attend. Over time, he was honored as Li Shifu. Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to call Mr. Li an outstanding educator and scholar in the early Qing Dynasty. He is worthy of this title.
Later, according to the requirements of traditional norms for children and his years of teaching practice, Old Master Q wrote a book about education and enlightenment of children, called Xun Mengwen. Trainer, lesson also; The blind man is enlightened.
Of course, this Old Master Q also has many works about the Four Books. While studying the Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean and other works, he still insists on writing poems. Perhaps because of his special love for daffodils, he once wrote hundreds of poems praising daffodils, which were later accepted as 100 daffodils. Now, this book is kept in two places in China, one is Peking University Library, and the other is his hometown Shanxi Provincial Library.
So, among his many works, which one is the most widely circulated? Needless to say, it is Xun Mengwen.
Since Mr. Li Yuxiu is the author of Disciples' Rules, why do you say that among his many works, Dreaming for Dreams is the most widely circulated? If Xun and Di Zi Gui are the same book, how did Xun become Di Zi Gui?
Now there are very few people who know Xun Mengwen, so how is Xun Mengwen called the disciple rule?
That's because a scholar later revised the book on the basis of Xun Mengwen and changed its title to Disciples' Rules. Since then, this book has been very popular in some private schools. In this way, this person should be regarded as a great hero of Disciples' Rules.
Interestingly, there are dozens of versions of Disciple Rules that people buy in bookstores now. Although the original works are all written by Li Yuxiu, there are actually two revisers, one is Jia Youren and the other is Jia Cunren. There is only one word difference between these two names. Now almost half of the editions say that the Disciple Rules were revised by Jia Youren, while the other half says that it was revised by Jia Cunren. Who is right and who is wrong? I think it should be Jia Cunren. Needless to say, the textual research here is too complicated and should be revised by Mr. Jia Cunren.
Why is Disciple Rules, which is not old and whose author and reviser are unknown, so influential? This is of course determined by the book itself.
Disciples' Rules is based on Disciples' Rules. Filial piety is entered into the Analects and filial piety is left out of the Analects. They are sincere and trustworthy, they love people all the time, but they are kind. If you have spare capacity, start with the sentence "learning literature", which is the core idea of Confucius, with four words: filial piety, kindness and love. Disciple Rules is written in the form of rhyming three words and one sentence. Undoubtedly, this is definitely the study of the three-character classics. The full text of Disciple Rules is only 360 sentences, 1080 words, which puts forward detailed and clear requirements for children's words, actions, manners and treating others. Disciples Rules is easy to understand, rhymes smoothly, is unpretentious, is thorough in reasoning and persuasive, and its content comes from the traditional basic morality, ethics and norms in China, so it has a great influence. Since the middle and late Qing Dynasty, this book has been widely circulated as a children's book and an enlightenment book, which can almost be compared with the Classic of Three Characters, Hundred Family Names and Thousand Characters.
Such a book is exactly what we urgently need today. It is a traditional teaching material to educate children and let them form good behavior norms. Then, for such a saint, how can we not be grateful and how can we not read his works well?
Disciple's Rules is the requirement of private school education for children's behavior two or three hundred years ago, but modern education is completely different from private school education. The society has changed, the education system has changed, and the children have also changed. But why is Disciple Rules, as a good teaching material for educating children, urgently needed today?
Where to start talking about disciple rules? I want to tell a story to start our study of Disciples Rules.
This story happened in Jinhaihu Police Station in Pinggu District, Beijing. This police station has an excellent director named Geng. Director Geng has been a policeman in Pinggu District for more than 20 years. He usually pays special attention to juvenile cases in his own jurisdiction, but feels that these daily public security management is far from enough, so he takes the initiative to give lectures in more than a dozen primary and secondary schools in his spare time. What class does he have? Teach the rule of law. One night, when Director Geng was on duty, I didn't know where I bought an ancient book. When I opened it, I suddenly found that all the words I had racked my brains to summarize in the rule of law class were in this book. What book is this? This is a disciple's rule.
Since then, Director Geng has tried to talk about Disciples' Rules. This lecture is incredible, and the number of participants in each class ranges from 7800 to 12000. After a long time, Director Geng found that many parents also sat quietly with their children and listened to him talk about disciples' rules. One day, Director Geng inadvertently recited a sentence or two in Disciples' Rules, only to find that hundreds of children in the audience followed him. From then on, Director Geng realized that the best solution to those mistakes, illegal and criminal acts caused by not knowing the rules is to let them form the habit of obeying rules, norms and understanding truth from an early age. Later, he more and more consciously used Disciples' Rules as a teaching material in the class of rule of law and morality within his jurisdiction. Before long, he found that his efforts had achieved unexpected results.
As we all know, in a society, if people have high moral standards and good behavior norms, contradictions and crimes in this society will be reduced and life will be more harmonious. When Geng, the director of Jinhaihu Police Station, began to use Disciples' Rules to educate the residents and children in the area, he received unexpected results. What are these unexpected effects?
There is a village called Center Village on the shore of Jinhai Lake in his jurisdiction. There are two neighbors in the central village who have been in conflict all the year round, and this contradiction has a long history, with an average of seven or eight fights every year. Repeated mediation and repeated punishment still have no effect.
On one occasion, Director Geng went to mediate again. At the end of mediation, he casually said: "Everyone must love; The sky is the same, and the ground is the same. " This sentence comes from Disciples Rules. In the present words: But all people, who live in this world, should care about each other. Why? Because we live in the same blue sky and the same land, why should we turn against each other for a little thing? Director Geng did not expect that these twelve words and four sentences completely solved a long-standing problem in his jurisdiction: a problem that a pair of neighborhoods could not solve for many years. Since then, the neighborhood has become a model neighborhood, caring for each other, never fighting again, and never coming to the police station again.
One more thing, Director Geng once went to school to talk about the rules of the apprentice. After he finished Disciple Rules, he said to the children, Do you know that after a person dies, I can see his gender at a glance through his bones? Of course the children were surprised. how do you know He said: I tell you, the white one is a man, and the gray one is a mother. Because the mother gave all the nutrition to the child, the mother's bones were gray. With that, he returned to the police station. After a day or two, he suddenly received a letter from a spoiled girl in school. She said in the letter: "Uncle, the Disciple Rules you talked about had a great influence on me. I suddenly realized that when I talk to my mother, I always say' you': Mom, you poured me a glass of water; Mom, you give me some pocket money; Mom, you buy me a game card. After listening to your lecture, I suddenly found that I called my mother' you'. I never spoke to my mother in a commanding tone again. I suddenly feel that I should talk to my mother in a consultative tone and a pleading tone. Because the Disciples Rules you talked about touched me. " The girl later became the best student in this school.
Through these examples, we just want to tell you one thing. Should we read Disciples Rules? I think the answer is clear.
Perhaps you will be curious, how can the small disciple rule have such a great effect? Now many parents are most concerned about the education of the only child. Why did a spoiled little girl begin to appreciate her parents' kindness after learning the rules of discipleship?
We find that in daily life, parents attach great importance to their children's study and physical health, but what have we neglected? What did you give in to? In the final analysis, it is precisely the rules of children that we do not attach importance to and do not give in. When a child grows up in society, he will eventually step into society and follow the rules of society. So, did this child talk about rules and understand rules from an early age?
Before the baby was born, the father kept his mouth shut every day, because he knew he was going to be a grandfather, which was a generational promotion and very important. Those two days, he smiled brilliantly. It's hard for me to see my father's smiling face when I was growing up. Now I know that my father once laughed. Once, I really couldn't stand the way he was too happy, so I said to him, don't be too happy, old man. The old man said, Why are you unhappy? I said: when you have grandchildren, don't think you are a grandfather; When you have a grandson, it is very likely that you will be a "grandson" and a grandson will be a "grandfather". It turns out that my son can do everything I couldn't do when I was a child. When I was a child, my father wanted to teach me a lesson, but he didn't listen to the lesson and had to do it twice. But now the son is doing it, and the father grins and says, cute, good, how can this child be so capable and so smart? What does this mean? It shows that our family structure has changed now. At present, the number of only children exceeds 1 100 million. A child has at least six adult pets from small to large: grandfather, grandmother, grandfather, grandmother, father and mother. We often pay attention to whether children read more than others. How to get ninety-nine points today? Why don't you get a hundred points? Is the child in good health? Have you kept up with all kinds of nutrition? But what we ignore is that children know how to behave. In the vernacular, they know how to be polite, how to behave and how to treat people. Children should form the good habit of knowing and doing as one from an early age, and get in touch with the society, enter the society and even serve the society according to the socially recognized moral norms and etiquette norms. What should I do if there is nothing I can do now, or there is no effective way? Then, only according to our consistent thinking and our human experience: when we can't find a better way and a better path, we have to go back, look back at the wisdom of our ancestors, look back at our traditions, see what legacy our ancestors left us, and see if the wisdom of our ancestors can be inherited today.
Disciples Rules is undoubtedly the cultural heritage left by our ancestors, and it is a good resource for us to cultivate children to respect and abide by the rules and grow up healthily under the socially recognized norms. Director Geng of the police station deserves our respect. He is a model of the flexible use of Disciples Rules in contemporary society.
In recent years, all parts of the country have been paying attention to the "disciple rule", and many enterprises have recruited many college students with high academic qualifications and hard diplomas. However, it was later found that there was no problem with the knowledge and skills of these college students, but they didn't know the rules very well and didn't abide by them. Then, how can you expect such a person to abide by the rules and regulations of the enterprise? Therefore, it is a very correct choice to choose Disciples Rules for staff training, and its effectiveness has been proved by many successful experiences.
As the saying goes, there is no Fiona Fang without rules. If a young man doesn't know the rules, he will encounter many troubles and difficulties. So what codes of conduct are stipulated for young people in Disciples' Rules? Why does a pamphlet two or three hundred years ago still have such a great influence on people in modern society?
Before reading Disciple Rules, I want to recommend a way to familiarize myself with Disciple Rules. Recite four to six sentences or eight sentences every day. In this way, we can recite more than forty sentences a week. At the end of the week, review more than forty sentences recited in front, which is what the ancients said. It is this truth to review the old and learn the new. The first eight sentences of Disciples' Rules are general statements: "Disciples' Rules are the teachings of saints. The first filial piety, the second letter. Love others, but love others. Learn literature if you have spare time. "These eight sentences are from The Analects of Confucius, and then begin with the words of Confucius.
What is a disciple? Disciple has two meanings: first, young children are called disciples, and both children and teenagers can be regarded as disciples; There is another meaning, which refers to students. These two meanings can be found in the discipleship rules. But in the past, it mostly referred to younger children, emphasizing the rules of training from an early age. The author first stated: "Disciples' rules are the teachings of saints." It means: I didn't create the truth in the book Disciples Rules, but it was handed down by saints. So who is a saint? Confucius, the sage of Confucius. The meaning of these eight sentences is clear: children should be filial to their parents at home, love their brothers when going out, be respectful, cautious and honest when speaking, love the public, be close to the theory of benevolence and righteousness, and be close to moral people. Practice hard like this. If you still feel that you have extra physical strength, extra ability and extra time, then read other books and emphasize other knowledge. Learning literature here is not only learning words, but also learning literature. This study document refers to all knowledge. In the tradition of China, the principle and rules of being a man are put in the first place. It is most important for children to establish an idea, be a principled person and conform to basic moral norms and norms.
Some people may have never read or can't read, but that doesn't prevent them from becoming real people. In China, we always put the basic ethics before knowledge, which is the first. We have always believed that a person only has a certain foundation in moral norms, and the more knowledge, the better. Otherwise, the more knowledge the bad guys have, the more harm they will do. There is a doctor named Shuba in The Atlantic Man. He is a scientific genius, very talented, but what he thinks about every day is how to destroy mankind and the earth. However, today, we actually put children's learning knowledge in the most important position, while ignoring the norms and principles of children's life. This is very inappropriate. Nowadays, in the process of educating children, worrying situations frequently appear. The fundamental reason is that we have reversed the order.
The summary of Disciple Rules is based on the words in Confucius and Analects of Confucius, and it has another function, that is, it is the program of the whole Disciple Rules. We will soon see that the full text of Disciple's Rules is 360 sentences, 1080 words, divided into eight parts. Which eight parts?
The first part is a general introduction, that is, "disciplining disciples and cultivating saints". The first filial piety, the second faith and universal love. And if you are kind and spare no effort, you will learn the text "these eight sentences"
The second part talks about "filial piety".
The third part talks about "out of the box".
The fourth part is about honesty.
The fifth part talks about "letter".
The sixth part talks about "pan-love for the people".
The seventh part talks about "benevolence".
The eighth part is about "spare no effort to learn literature".
It can be seen that when the ancients wrote a book, they were thoughtful and thoughtful. Even if it is a book that enlightens children, we should also consider the structure and level. According to the Confucian classic The Analects, they are arranged in layers, interlocking and echoing each other. I think it is this that determines the super vitality of Disciples Rules.
Next, let's take a look at the first part of Disciples Rules, and how to understand "filial piety". "Filial piety" is not only a kind of love, gratitude and code of conduct for children's parents and elders, but also what educational functions and social norms can cultivate children? Please listen to the next lecture.