First of all, we must have relevant historical knowledge. As the saying goes, literature and history are not separated.
Everyone lives in an era, and the politics, economy and culture of this era will certainly have an impact on him. Therefore, only by understanding the era of this person's life can we understand the connotation of his works.
For example, Qu Yuan advocated reform and hoped that Chu would be strong, but the king of Chu was "confused by Zheng Xiu at home and bullied by Zhang Yi abroad", alienated Qu Yuan first, and then exiled him to the Miluo River, which made his reform ambition impossible and buried him in the river. Knowing this history, it is much easier for us to understand Li Sao.
Second, have relevant cultural common sense. China's ancient culture is profound and rich in connotation, and many contents are constantly evolving with the development of history.
Such as name and title, official position and imperial examination, geographical knowledge, patriarchal manners and customs, clothing and utensils, calendar criminal law, ancient book annotation style, etc., are greatly different from ancient times to modern times. Although students don't need to master all these contents, they should also accumulate what they encounter in their studies as their own knowledge reserves, so that they can call them at any time in classical Chinese learning and exams.
Third, learn to "solve the belly of the ancients with the heart of the present." We live in today's society, and in the face of disasters, we will unite as one. In the face of ugliness, they will attack and lash; We will work together to resist external humiliation.
In fact, this kind of thoughts and feelings are in the same strain. In the face of external humiliation, Wen Tianxiang wrote: "Since ancient times, no one has died, keeping the heart of Dan to shine in the history of history." Facing the sufferings of the people, Du Fu wrote: "The wine in Zhumen stinks and the bones on the road freeze to death." Therefore, when we study ancient Chinese, we should be good at comparing and associating the feelings of the ancients with those of today, so as to try to figure out the thoughts of the ancients and accurately understand the essence reflected by classical Chinese.
Fourth, grasp the teaching materials and lay a solid foundation for classical Chinese. When learning classical Chinese, we must master the knowledge points that appear in textbooks: ① Phonetic sounds, including polyphonic characters and different reading characters.
② Meaning, including ancient and modern different meanings, polysemy and flexible use of parts of speech. ③ Sentence patterns in classical Chinese, including special sentence patterns and complex sentences in classical Chinese.
Fifth, to learn a classical Chinese, we should do the following: first, grasp the article as a whole and understand its main contents; Secondly, put the understanding of paragraphs into the overall grasp of the text; Third, in the specific language environment, we can further understand the words in the context; Finally, on the basis of the first three conditions, further understand the deep meaning of the article. In short, if you can do the above in your usual study, you will lay a solid foundation for the college entrance examination.
2. How to analyze classical Chinese teaching is an important part of Chinese teaching, and classical Chinese test questions are the highlight of the college entrance examination. Students often ask, how to learn classical Chinese well so as not to lose points in the college entrance examination? I think if we can pay attention to the following points, we can learn classical Chinese well and improve the hit rate of the college entrance examination.
First of all, we must have relevant historical knowledge. As the saying goes, literature and history are not separated. Everyone lives in an era, and the politics, economy and culture of this era will certainly have an impact on him. Therefore, only by understanding the era of this person's life can we understand the connotation of his works. For example, Qu Yuan advocated reform and hoped that Chu would be strong, but the king of Chu was "confused by Zheng Xiu at home and bullied by Zhang Yi abroad", alienated Qu Yuan first, and then exiled him to the Miluo River, which made his reform ambition impossible and buried him in the river. Knowing this history, it is much easier for us to understand Li Sao.
Second, have relevant cultural common sense. China's ancient culture is profound and rich in connotation, and many contents are constantly evolving with the development of history. Such as name and title, official position and imperial examination, geographical knowledge, patriarchal manners and customs, clothing and utensils, calendar criminal law, ancient book annotation style, etc., are greatly different from ancient times to modern times. Although students don't need to master all these contents, they should also accumulate what they encounter in their studies as their own knowledge reserves, so that they can call them at any time in classical Chinese learning and exams.
Third, learn to "solve the belly of the ancients with the heart of the present." We live in today's society, and in the face of disasters, we will unite as one. In the face of ugliness, they will attack and lash; We will work together to resist external humiliation. In fact, this kind of thoughts and feelings are in the same strain. In the face of external humiliation, Wen Tianxiang wrote: "Since ancient times, no one has died, keeping the heart of Dan to shine in the history of history." Facing the sufferings of the people, Du Fu wrote: "The wine in Zhumen stinks and the bones on the road freeze to death." Therefore, when we study ancient Chinese, we should be good at comparing and associating the feelings of the ancients with those of today, so as to try to figure out the thoughts of the ancients and accurately understand the essence reflected by classical Chinese.
Fourth, grasp the teaching materials and lay a solid foundation for classical Chinese. When learning classical Chinese, we must master the knowledge points that appear in textbooks: ① Phonetic sounds, including polyphonic characters and different reading characters. ② Meaning, including ancient and modern different meanings, polysemy and flexible use of parts of speech. ③ Sentence patterns in classical Chinese, including special sentence patterns and complex sentences in classical Chinese.
Fifth, to learn a classical Chinese, we should do the following: first, grasp the article as a whole and understand its main contents; Secondly, put the understanding of paragraphs into the overall grasp of the text; Third, in the specific language environment, we can further understand the words in the context; Finally, on the basis of the first three conditions, further understand the deep meaning of the article. In short, if you can do the above in your usual study, you will lay a solid foundation for the college entrance examination.
3. How to analyze and summarize the characters in the classical Chinese of the senior high school entrance examination and analyze the characters involved in the classical Chinese is a common problem.
This type of question is examined in the form of multiple-choice questions and questions. Only by accurately grasping and analyzing the characters can we deeply understand the ideological content of the article. When analyzing characters, classical Chinese and modern Chinese are basically the same.
The first is to combine specific events to analyze.
The second is to grasp the various artistic techniques used by the author for analysis.
The third is to perceive the author's attitude towards the characters from the overall content of the article.
In junior middle school classical Chinese, the proportion of articles written by characters is very high. Reading such articles through character analysis is an effective way to promote classical Chinese learning. If we study the Cao Gui Debate, we can analyze the images of Cao Gui and Lu Zhuanggong. We can't ignore the discussion on the image of Gong Yu, Zhizuo and Gong Yu's wife when we study "One Mountain in Gong Yu". In Zou Ji's irony, the images of Zou Ji and Wang Qi should also be the focus of our discussion. Wait a minute. However, we should also see that the "tagged" analysis of characters is not worth advocating. When analyzing the characters in classical Chinese, students must go deep into the text and sometimes contact relevant extracurricular materials to confirm their analysis, so as to obtain more accurate cognition and evaluation.
For example, Peach Blossom Spring is a familiar text. When it comes to fishermen, they generally regard him as a representative of the people's image and pursue a peaceful and happy life to illustrate the darkness of society at that time. There are also students who argue endlessly about the fisherman's character. But if we go deep into the text, we will find a new "Taoyuan Wonderland". Mr. Fan of Chinese Academy of Sciences gave us a good demonstration.
Mr. Fan believes that the "fisherman" who accidentally broke into the Peach Blossom Garden is a person who knows natural aesthetics and likes to see the scenery. He said, "Suddenly I met the peach blossom forest, and there were hundreds of steps on the shore. There are no miscellaneous trees in it, the grass is delicious and the English is rich and colorful. Fishermen are very different. The description of "go further and want to be poor" implies that "fisherman" is not an uneducated ordinary fisherman, at least he is not a person who makes a living by fishing. Because it is difficult for a fisherman to feel aesthetically, he will not be stunned by gorgeous peach blossoms and delicious grass, but intoxicated and even forget the distance of his journey. Indeed, farmers in mountainous areas don't like climbing mountains, and fishermen by the sea lack the pleasure of boating. This fisherman is unusual.
Furthermore, in view of the idea of the prefect of Bohe County, I say so. As for the description that the satrap sent people to follow him, searched for what he wanted, and then lost his way, Fan pointed out, "In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which was strictly hierarchical, this' fisherman' could casually visit the county chief and tell him anecdotes about his personal experience. Not only that, his story can also attract the attention of the satrap, and even send someone to follow him to find the Peach Blossom Garden again. It can be inferred that "fisherman" must be a hermit with a deep social background.
If we associate it with Qu Yuan's The Fisherman and Liu Zongyuan's Jiang Xue and the Fisherman, it is not difficult to find that the Fisherman is actually an image entrusted with the poet's feelings. For a long time, we have been confined to traditional analysis and neglected research, and naturally lack the vision of discovery and the opportunity to enjoy surprises.
4. How to analyze classical Chinese 1? The analysis of classical Chinese is generally the translation of key words and the flexible use of nouns, loanwords, ancient and modern meanings and key sentence patterns.
2. The analysis of classical Chinese must also be able to give an exact and appropriate explanation according to the up and down * * *, which is the most important step to understand classical Chinese and its meaning.
3. Content words in classical Chinese include nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals and quantifiers. When preparing for the exam, we should master the language phenomena such as different meanings in ancient and modern times, polysemy, and borrowing meanings. Only by mastering these ancient knowledge can we correctly understand some language phenomena in classical Chinese and accurately translate a classical Chinese. Read more books, think more and practice more, and you can accurately analyze a classical Chinese.
Just some personal opinions, for reference only.
5. Analysis of the main points of classical Chinese reading "365 Online Q&A Network Teacher" helps you answer the requirements in the exam instructions: 1. Understand the meaning of common notional words in classical Chinese in a specific context. 2. Understand the common content words in classical Chinese (knowledge, qi, harmony, meaning, Yu, Nai, although, Wei, Zhe, He, then, Hu, Ran, and. Summarize the main points of the article. 5. Analyze and summarize the opinions and attitudes expressed by the author in the article. 6. Have your own experience and opinion analysis on the content, language and writing method of the article: 1. Reciting China's classical poems requires that every word is not missed, added, inverted and unchanged; Reciting the sentences of China's classical poems should not only be clear-cut, but also be clear-spoken. In the senior high school entrance examination, you should recite four poems and two articles, paying special attention to reciting famous sentences in the articles. Remember and correct the typos in our previous dictation. 2. To understand and appreciate ancient poems, we should focus on the ancient poems and songs appearing in the reading articles of each textbook, and pay attention to the accumulation of common sense of ancient culture and literature, especially the notes in the textbooks. We should have a good understanding of the appreciation guidance and practice in Diankai Content, and accurately grasp the understanding of the poem, its main content and writing intention, and the author's thoughts and feelings. 3. For some famous articles, you should also know the author's name, life age, article title, etc. 4. Master the meaning of common notional words in classical Chinese and the usage of six function words. The special usage of general ancient Chinese is: polysemy, vague usage, flexible use of parts of speech, and different meanings in ancient and modern times. Therefore, we must pay special attention to these words in the text, and understand and master the usage of 150 content words and six function words in clicking content. Such as judgmental sentences, inverted sentences (preposition object, adverbial post), passive sentences, rhetorical questions, etc. In order to realize the meaning of key notional words and the usage of function words in translation, the tone and sentence pattern of the translation must be consistent with the original. 6. When reading classical Chinese after class, you don't have to be nervous when you encounter words that you can't know or words that you can't remember at once. Understand (guess) the story (article) in connection with the context. Remember that translation cannot be divorced from the article. If there are comments under the selected text, be sure to make full use of the prompt function of the comments. 7. Paragraph reading in class should pay attention to the induction and generalization of the main contents of the selected text. If you are within your control, you can of course answer questions from memory. If your review is not in place or your memory is unclear, you should carefully read the selected articles to collect and process information, and then make a reasonable and brief statement. When reading classical Chinese after class, we should pay attention to the understanding of the truth contained in the article or the induction and refinement of the personality characteristics of the characters in the article.
6. meaningful classical Chinese+analysis industriousness of the Chinese nation is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation.
"As long as the kung fu is deep, the iron pestle grinds into a needle" is about the great poet Li Bai wandering by the river when he was young, and being inspired by the old woman's iron pestle grinding a needle. From then on, he worked hard and studied hard, and finally succeeded. Attack on Stocks is an anecdote of Su Qin, a strategist in the pre-Qin period.
In order to absorb extensive knowledge, Su Qin studied hard day and night. When he was sleepy, he pricked himself in the leg with an awl and pulled himself together to continue his study. Sima Guang's "Police Pillow" said that he squeezed more time from his sleep to study and designed a pillow made of wood and cut into a circle. As soon as he turns over, the pillow will roll away, his head will hit the bed board and people will wake up.
He studied hard all his life, and compiled "Learning from the Same Resources as a Mirror", which is one of China's most important historical masterpieces. This book contains historical facts of 1300 years, which is very valuable. "Three Quotient" is a learning method for Ouyang Xiu, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, to make full use of the times. He immediately raced against time, on the pillow and in the toilet, and finally made great achievements in literature.
Du Fu's "Reading thousands of books, writing like a god" and Su Shi's "It's not enough to write like a mountain, reading thousands of books only produces one god" all illustrate the truth of diligence. The Chinese nation has created a splendid Chinese civilization with hard-working hands and is famous for its hard work.
For example, the seismograph invented by Zhang Heng, the dumper invented by Ma Jun, the textile tools improved by Zhao Zhouqiao and Huang Daopo built by Li Chun are vivid examples of the industriousness of the Chinese nation. It should be used for comparison and analogy.