Therefore, infection is terrible, but it must be faced and prevented correctly. How did the ancients do it? This article "Phoenix under the buttonwood" is about China people's early understanding of infectious diseases.
This record is considered as the earliest record of infectious diseases in China. "Sick service" refers to diseases and epidemics, that is, infectious diseases; The year of disease is the year when infectious diseases are prevalent.
13658 tablets.
13658 tablets.
These records show that businessmen have a deep understanding of infectious diseases. What is even more rare is that the spread of infectious diseases between people was realized at that time. Therefore, Tsung i Jao, a master of Chinese studies, thought that the so-called "no delay in medical service" meant whether the spread between people would spread.
By the Zhou Dynasty, there had been many written records about infectious diseases.
In The Book of Songs, the earliest collection of poems in China, many poems mentioned diseases and epidemics. For example, in the poem "Nanshan Festival", it is said that "the Arabian nights are chaotic." People's words are not smooth and miserable. "
Zheng Xuan, a Confucian scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, wrote that "the weather is severe today, and people of all ages are confused and die." . Everyone in the world hangs on each other because of disasters, and there is no celebration. Those who never stop being kind are helpless. "The poem describes the death caused by infectious diseases, which is very tragic.
At that time, Mozi witnessed the misfortune brought by infectious diseases: "There is a plague this year, and many people are hardworking and cold. There are countless people who have turned to die in the ravine. " When infectious diseases were prevalent, people all over the world suffered greatly. There are too many dead people in the ditch.
According to the records, the early infectious diseases were mainly? (boils), malaria (boils), scabies (scabies), plagues (plagues), which pose the greatest threat to mankind-
Diarrhea, also known as furuncle, is actually synonymous with infectious diseases, not some infectious diseases. For example, Biography of a Ram in the Spring and Autumn Period: In the twentieth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu (674 BC), there was a great disaster in Xia and Qi. Who is in great trouble? Big addiction. What is a wild man? Hey. "It means that in the summer, Qi suffered a catastrophe, and the result was an infectious disease.
"Malaria" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions
Malaria is still prevalent in Africa today. In ancient China, even decades ago, it was an infectious disease with a very high mortality. The pre-Qin period was even more terrible, and people had nothing to hide. The records in Zuo Zhuan's Seven Years of Xianggong mentioned malaria: In the seventh year of Duke Xiang of Lu (566 BC), Duke Zheng "suffered from malaria and went to court."
In fact, scabies [jiè], also known as scabies [JiYi], is also malaria, only once every other day. Severe malaria is called tuberculosis [shān]. Zheng Xuan casually said, "Only scabies are malaria, scabies are malaria, and scabies are malaria." Zuozhuan? Twenty years of Zhao Gong: 20 years (522 BC), "Qi Hou was embarrassed, so he was embarrassed. "
Plague, that is, plague, is not a specific infectious disease, but a general term for epidemic infectious diseases. A small plague is called "treating qi".
The pre-Qin people also discovered three laws of infectious diseases. In the following three situations, infectious diseases are most likely to break out, which is quite accurate-
A year of abnormal climate.
Abnormal climate is an important cause of the plague, which is what Cao Zhi said in On Epidemic Qi in the Three Kingdoms Period: "Yin and Yang are incompatible, and when it is cold and hot, it is the cause of the plague."
Book of rites? The monthly sequence summarizes the influence of climate on annual growth, and the analysis of infectious diseases is also quite detailed-
Meng Chun, in summer, it rains from time to time, plants and fleas fall, and this country is sometimes afraid. In autumn, people will have a pandemic; Ji Chun, in summer, people have more diseases and epidemics.
In midsummer, in Qiu Lai, the vegetation is scattered, the fruit is early, and the people are infected.
Qiu Meng, in summer, there will be many fires in this country. Cold and heat will not be festivals, and people will have more malaria.
In the middle of winter, spring comes, locusts are defeated, springs are salty, and people suffer from scabies.
According to the Book of Rites, infectious diseases may occur all year round, but special attention should be paid to spring and summer, and prevention should be done in spring and summer, and attention should be paid to autumn, October, winter and November.
The year of famine.
There is no doubt that the famine year is a year of high incidence of infectious diseases, especially after drought and flood, infectious diseases are most likely to break out.
Zuozhuan? Four years of public service "recorded" in spring and March, water will drop and malaria will begin. "This means that malaria occurs after the flood. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the meteorological history of China was abnormal, and the drought was intermittent during 150 years, which led to famine. The people's suffering was behind the epidemic of infectious diseases.
Three years of war.
The wartime is also a time when infectious diseases often occur, especially the spread speed is accelerated, which is consistent with the large cross-regional mobility of personnel. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a serious plague occurred in Qi, and Lu was also infected by Qilu War.
According to historical records such as the Spring and Autumn Annals, during the 248 years of the Warring States Period, there were 222 wars. At the peak, the two sides invested nearly one million troops and the death toll reached hundreds of thousands. Because the body is not buried in time, it often becomes a hotbed of infectious diseases. At the end of the Warring States Period, there was a "worldwide epidemic" situation, with plagues rampant and infectious diseases erupting all over China at that time. The spread of this disease is directly related to the mutual conquest between vassal States, the war between the south and the north, and the eastward and westward advancement.
Recognizing the three laws of infectious diseases, the ancients would take corresponding measures to strengthen prevention. By the Qin and Han Dynasties, China ancients had a set of effective means and methods to deal with infectious diseases, some of which were still in use, such as isolation and blockade.