(Thanks to the first-class referee, Mr. Hu, a member of the Fishery Association, pointed out)
Working methods of referees
The work of the referee in a game is closely related to the time of each stage. In order to facilitate orderly narration, the referee's work in a game can be divided into three stages.
1. Before the game starts: Before the game starts, it can be divided into pre-game, post-game and before the game starts.
2. After the start of the game: After the start of the game, it can be divided into three time periods: the serving period, the ball in progress and the pre-serving period (dead ball period).
3. The game is over:
Before the game starts.
Pre-admission: a period of time to enter the competition venue after accepting the work of a competition referee.
1) Check whether your referee supplies are ready (scoreboard, stopwatch, edge picker, red and yellow cards, etc. ).
2) Go to the record desk to get the report card, check whether the contents in the checklist are correct, fill in the items that can be filled in in advance, be familiar with the names of athletes and pronounce them accurately. In international competitions, it is particularly important to accurately declare the names of teams and athletes.
3) Meet and greet the referee of the match and put forward the work that needs to be coordinated, such as reminding him to prepare the ball for the match and bring the player's name tag.
4) Check whether the line referee of this game is ready.
5) When necessary, ask athletes to queue up for admission. When an athlete is found absent, he should report to the referee immediately.
6) Know the entry and exit routes, and after hearing the broadcast or referee signal, enter with the serving referee (sometimes including the sideline referee or athlete). It should be noted that the referee is the organizer of the competition. From the beginning of admission, it is necessary to organize all the athletes and on-site referees to appear in front of the audience, and walk in high spirits and at an appropriate pace.
After entering the arena to announce the start of the game:
Ask the athletes from both sides to pick sides. At this time, you should shake hands with all the athletes who take part in this competition.
Select an edge:
The referee had better use two coins with different colors to pick the sides. First of all, he should explain to the athletes of both sides that they are on the edge picker (referring to the color), and then bounce the coin with their fingers to make the coin roll quickly. When he falls to the ground (some referees like to pick with their palms), they will see which side's color (pattern) is up, that is, which side's athlete won the first choice.
You should ask the first server and the first receiver at the beginning of the game, and the referee should immediately write down the servers, receivers (doubles) and venues (on the left or right of the referee) of both sides at the beginning of the game. Inform the serve referee and scorer of the result of edge picking in time, so that the players' name plates on the scoreboard can correctly indicate the venues where the players of both sides stand at the beginning of the game.
Check the seat of the line referee. The seat of the sight should be aimed at the line he is responsible for, especially when the singles and doubles alternate. You can communicate with the line referee while checking the position.
Check whether the advertisements on the athletes' clothes meet the requirements of this competition, and whether the clothes of the two companions are the same color during the doubles competition. When problems are found, they should be corrected in time.
All the above work should be completed in 2-3 minutes, not too long. This time is also the time for athletes to practice and warm up before the game. After finishing these tasks, the referee can sit in the referee's chair and get ready to start the game.
Announce the start of the game (see announcement method)
Game start
Service period: the time from the start of service to the end of service (see the referee for details). When there is a service referee, the service referee's duty is to pronounce the service violation (see service referee). The referee is mainly responsible for seeing whether the receiver fouls when receiving the service. However, as the referee of a game, we should pay attention to the server's service. Only when answering the complaints of an athlete can he have his own point of view and strongly support the judgment of the serving referee, or when there are special circumstances. As a referee, in order to accurately judge the foul of the receiver, it is necessary to know the service time accurately, so the referee should be able to see the whole service action of the receiver at the same time. When serving, it is illegal for the server to swing but miss the ball. He will lose the right to serve this time instead of serving again, which is pronounced by the referee. When receiving the service, the receiver and the receiver may violate the rules as follows:
Illegal service foot: When receiving the service, the receiver should stand in the specified service area, and no foot should step on or touch the line. This situation is easier to see and pronounce, but the referee must pronounce the sentence after the server begins to swing the serve; Before the server's racket hits the ball, neither foot of the receiver can be lifted or moved. This kind of violation mostly occurs in doubles, because in doubles, the server mainly serves tennis, and the server moves forward before the server's racket hits the ball. When the incoming ball just crosses the net, it is culled at a high place, which poses a great threat to the server. Because the server's racket hits the ball and the receiver's foot starts at a very fast moment, the referee must have a panoramic understanding of the whole action of the server and receiver at the same time in order to make an accurate judgment. Of course, some athletes habitually retreat early when receiving and sending high balls in singles competitions. From the analysis of rules and regulations, it is obviously illegal, but in the actual on-site punishment, the penalty is more than the penalty. In my opinion, if it is obvious to move early, it should be declared "illegal". As the same referee, the penalty scale for the same situation should be the same. Never, generally not (many people don't have opinions); It is unfair (and in line with the rules) for the referee to judge one in special circumstances.
Interference:
When the server serves, the receiver shall not interfere with the server's service with any actions or shouts. The common interference of receiving service is that when receiving service in doubles, both sides stand near the front service line, hold the racket high and shake it constantly, threatening the server to serve. If you just hold the racket high, it's allowed. The problem is that you can't shake the racket. When serving doubles, the server and the receiver's companion can stand in any position on their own court, but neither the server nor the receiver's companion can affect the line of sight of the other server or receiver, otherwise it will violate the "interference". In the actual game, this situation is often put forward by the receiver whose line of sight is blocked, and then the referee reminds the server's companion to move so as not to block the receiver's line of sight. Generally speaking, the server always listens to the referee's advice, and if he doesn't listen to the referee's advice, he should be sentenced to a foul.
When serving doubles, only the receiver standing in the service area diagonally opposite to the server can receive the service. If the receiver's partner returns the serve, it is a foul.
Handling of service mistakes
Found before serving: corrected immediately.
When the ball has been served, it is found that there is an error: the round should be allowed to continue until the ball dies, the victory or defeat of the ball is valid, and the new service order and orientation have not been corrected.
If an error is found after the dead ball, the handling method is the same as above.
Using the scoring table correctly and checking it in time before serving can completely avoid the mistakes in the service area.
The receiver is not ready:
When the server serves before the receiver is ready, it should be judged as "re-serving". However, if the receiver has made a counterattack, it should be considered ready. Sometimes the referee must rely on his own experience to distinguish between what the receiver is not ready and what the receiver misjudges the landing point of the ball and does not fight back.
The server's serve and swing miss the ball: If the server's swing misses the ball, the referee will report it as a "foul" after the ball lands (the old rules stipulate that the missed ball should be re-served).
Wipe the net when serving: When serving badminton, it is the same as not wiping the net. If the ball crosses the net and falls in the prescribed service area, it is still valid, and it is a foul if it falls outside the prescribed service area. Note that it is not a heavy serve.
Both the server and the receiver were convicted of a foul: the service should be re-judged. For example, if the referee judges that the player has served, and the referee judges that the receiver has moved ahead of time, the referee should judge the ball as a "re-serve".
In the game: from the service to the landing of the ball, or the referee announces "violation" or "re-service" or the ball touches the net, the ball begins to land and becomes a "dead ball". Referees should always keep an eye on the flying ball, pay attention to the whole stadium and its surroundings, and make timely judgments and announcements according to the rules.
"In" and "Out": The victory or defeat of badminton depends largely on the placement of the ball. When the ball falls near the line in charge of the referee, the referee must make a judgment according to the referee's decision. If the linesman doesn't gesture, the referee should ask him to gesture before making a judgment. If the ball falls within the line boundary that is not the responsibility of the referee of the line, the referee can report the score directly. If it falls out of bounds, the referee must report "out of bounds" first, and then report the score.
The referee can correct the judgment of the sideline referee when he thinks that the sideline referee is wrong, and report "correction, out of bounds" or "correction, out of bounds" when correcting. And report to the referee to decide whether to replace the company's line referee.
If the ball hits the roof or an obstacle outside the court, the referee should know whether there are supplementary regulations for the height below 9 meters above the court. (When the height of the stadium is less than 9 meters, the competition organizing committee or referee can make supplementary provisions.
The ball touches the athlete's body or clothes: It is illegal for the ball to touch any part of the athlete's body or clothes. In this case, the referee should immediately report the "violation" loudly, so that the players of both sides can hear clearly and stop hitting the ball. When the ball falls near the boundary, the linesman does not have to consider whether it is necessary to make a gesture. When hitting the ball, the frame, shaft and handle of the racket are all effective when hitting the ball.
"Obstruction" in front of the net: In badminton match, when both players are close to the net, it is illegal for player A to try to block the flight path of the ball when he hits the ball. However, if player A's racket has already hit the ball, it is not illegal for player B to lift the racket to block it again, but it is a high-level quick response. The first line to distinguish whether it is a "foul" is that when both sides are close to the net, the second lift is before or after the racket hits the ball.
"Invading the court": Badminton competition rules stipulate that "an athlete's racket or body invades the opponent's court from the net" (after the batter hits the ball, the racket can take the ball over the net) or "an athlete's racket or body invades the opponent's court from the net to hinder or distract the opponent's attention" is an illegal act. Therefore, any body or racket that crosses the net from the internet is considered "illegal", while the body or racket that crosses the net under the net is considered "illegal" only when the other party is affected. Therefore, the referee's perceptual knowledge of badminton competition is very important for correctly judging whether the opponent is affected.
In doubles, a player swings twice, hits twice or two companions hit the ball once in a row, which is a combo. In the old game rules of a long time ago, it was illegal for the batter's racket frame to touch the ball first and then touch the line to hit the ball. This clause has now been abolished. However, if the ball stays or drags on the racket when hitting the ball, it is still a "violation". In doubles, two partners hit the ball at the same time, two rackets collide, and the ball only touches the front racket and is hit, which is not a foul.
After the ball hits the racket, it continues to fly to the player's backcourt: because in this case, it is impossible for the ball to fly to the opponent's court. According to the rules, this situation is illegal and the referee should immediately report it as "illegal"
Dead ball: A ball is a "dead ball" when it touches the net, hangs on the net or stops at the top of the net, touches the ground, the ball touches the net or the net post starts to fall on the ground on the batter's side, or the referee awards "violation" and "re-serve". You will be sentenced if you don't violate the rules after the dead ball. Accurately grasping the concept of dead ball is extremely important for the referee to pronounce a correct sentence. For example, if the racket touches the net, it is necessary to distinguish between the ball landing and the racket touching the net. When killing the ball, the racket flies over the net and the ball falls into the opponent's court. Is it that the racket flies over the net or the ball falls in front? The batter hit the ball into his own net, and the ball landed on his own side of the net, but the opponent accidentally touched the net. This depends on whether the racket touches the net first or the racket touches the tennis ball at the same time, which should belong to the racket touching the net. If the ball starts to fall behind and the racket touches the net again, it should be that the batter touches the net illegally.
Foreign objects intrude into the court: when the ball intrudes into the court during the game (this situation is mostly that the ball from another game on the side flies into the court), if it affects the players present, the referee should report "serve again". The size of the influence is judged by the referee according to the specific situation, so it is necessary for the referee to have badminton experience and often serve as a referee to make a correct judgment.
Accident: The game is not a dead ball yet, in case the lights suddenly go out, the net posts fall off, the seams of the carpet yard crack, and so on. The referee should announce a re-serve. Keep records in time, such as scores, service players, receiving and dispatching players, etc.
Before serving (dead ball period): During this period, although it seems that the ball has not been played and both sides of the game are in a relatively calm state, whether the game can be played smoothly, as a badminton referee, his referee level and ability to control the whole court are shown at this time.
Record: Once the dead ball is scored, immediately record the score or the second mark on the scoreboard, and sometimes make some special records. Many inexperienced young referees are eager to report points first and only look at the scoreboard records. At this time, the server serves because the referee has reported too much, and the referee himself is in trouble and very passive. Because I'm too busy recording, I don't care about the situation on the court, and the infringement on the server and the receiver will get out of control. If the referee doesn't score and the server serves, it is logical for the referee to "serve again"
Timely announcement: After recording, the referee should announce the score (or change the serve and score) as soon as possible. After the referee reports the points, the server can serve. It is very important to master the time and rhythm of scoring. Don't keep the server waiting too long, and don't panic yourself. It is very important for referees to handle the two interrelated tasks of recording and reporting. Generally speaking, the first step is to judge which side wins a round (the serving referee announces that the service is illegal, the sideline referee judges the landing point of the ball, the referee reports that he is out of bounds, and the referee reports "violation" or "heavy service". ); Step 2, the referee records on the scoreboard; Step 3: The referee announces the score.
Score display: the referee should always pay attention to the score display. If they find that the score or service order is wrong, they should correct it immediately before continuing the game. If they find that the ball has been served when they find the mistake, they should wait for the ball to be corrected.
Handling of player's request for changing the ball: A player's request for changing the ball should be submitted to the referee first. If both players agree to change the ball, the referee should not refuse under normal circumstances; If only one side requests to change the ball and the other side refuses to change the ball, the referee must look at the ball before making a decision. If the feather is broken and the ball is obviously deformed, it should be replaced. If the ball is intact, it should be able to continue to be used. In fact, during the game, the referee should have had a feeling about the flight of the ball. If necessary, he can test whether the speed of the ball has changed significantly, or whether it wobbles during the flight, and then make a decision. When the referee thinks that the player frequently proposes to change the ball in order to recover his strength, he should refuse to change the ball. When the score is critical, in order to avoid deliberately suspending the rhythm of the game, the referee can also refuse the player's request for changing the ball according to the situation, but when the referee sees that the ball is really damaged, he should not refuse the player's request for changing the ball at any time. In order to ensure the continuity of the game, athletes are not allowed to change the ball to get a rest time, and they are not allowed to try the ball after changing the ball. When only one player suggests that the ball speed is too fast or too slow, the referee can deny it. If both players suggest that the ball speed is too fast or too slow, and the referee himself thinks there is something wrong with the ball speed, he should report it to the referee.
Handling of the athlete's request to change the racket: if the racket line breaks during the competition, the athlete can change the racket; During the game, the referee can also accept the player's request to change the racket. If a player changes his racket, he should be allowed to resume the game immediately after the trial.
Handling of athletes' requirements for wiping sweat and drinking water: The referee should carefully agree to athletes' requirements for wiping sweat, because there is already a 60-second interval between two games in the rules when the scores reach 1 1 and 120 seconds. It is true that when athletes sweat too much and affect the game, the referee can agree to wipe the sweat, but the referee should signal both athletes to wipe the sweat at the same time, and the control time should not be delayed for too long. To "match" in the times. Referees should refuse to sweat to recover their strength or change the pace of the game according to the specific circumstances. For example, when another team keeps scoring, they often ask to stop sweating. You can disagree with the athlete's request for drinking water, but when the game is suspended, the athlete can drink water without affecting the continuation of the game.
Handling of the athlete's request to wipe the floor: When the athlete falls to the ground, the referee should take the initiative to call the sweeper to dry the floor. Or the sweat of the athletes is scattered on the field. When the athletes ask to clean the floor, the referee asks the sweeper to clean the floor. Even if the referee thinks that the athlete's request to clean the floor is suspected of taking the opportunity to rest, he can't refuse his request to clean the floor, just ask the sweeper to move quickly so as not to interrupt the game for too long.
Handling of unexpected circumstances: At this time, the referee should pay attention to the situation of the whole court and deal with the problems in time before the server serves, such as the defective course line, the door on the side of the court not being closed properly, the wind affecting the game and the low height of the net.
Treatment of athletes' injuries: When athletes are injured in the competition, the referee's treatment steps are as follows: First, ask the injured athletes how they are doing and whether they need a doctor. If the injury is not serious, the game will soon resume; If the athlete asks for a doctor, the referee should raise his hand and ask the referee to enter the stadium. The referee will lead the doctor or other personnel (team leader or team doctor, etc.). The referee thinks it is necessary to enter the venue. At this time, the referee should record the score, server, receiver and time on the scoreboard, start the stopwatch to report the time to the referee at any time, and announce the restart of the game or the exit of the injured athlete with the assistance of the referee.
Handling of athletes' complaints: The scope of athletes' complaints is that they can only appeal to the referee on the rules. The referee should answer the complaint before the next serve and refer it to the referee if necessary. Athletes should obey the referee's judgment of facts. If there is a problem with the judgment made by the line referee, the athlete can only raise it with the referee and cannot argue with the line referee. In this case, the referee should stop it. If the circumstances are serious, it shall be treated as "misconduct". The server can ask the serving referee to point out what kind of service violation it is, but it is indisputable. In this case, the referee should also stop it, and if the circumstances are serious, it will be treated as "misconduct". Of course, athletes should also obey the referee's judgment of the facts. Such as combo, touching the net, hitting the ball over the net, invading the field and so on. Referees should first listen carefully to athletes' complaints. In international competitions, due to language problems, they should carefully understand the exact meaning put forward by athletes before dealing with it.
Handling of athletes' game delay: after the ball becomes a dead ball, the server or receiver turns around on the court and leaves without the permission of the referee to drink water and wipe sweat. Procrastinate, but don't prepare to serve or catch, so as to catch your breath and regain your strength. These are all behaviors that undermine the continuity of the game. When the first offense is minor, the referee should immediately remind the athletes without warning, but he must make a statement and never let go. For example, if the athletes turn around, the referee can report "the game continues"; The referee who leaves the stadium to wipe the sweat without permission should say to the athletes, "Please get my permission first". After being reminded by the referee, the referee who commits repeated crimes or has serious circumstances shall implement the rule 16 "continuation of the game, misconduct and punishment". The referee also needs to be flexible according to the specific situation (after a long multi-beat round). If the referee thinks that the game must be played, he can report "the game continues" to urge both sides to prepare for serving and receiving. If one party is ready, the other party should also make corresponding preparations immediately, without delay.
60-second interval: When one side scores 1 1, the referee should start the stopwatch immediately after the ball becomes dead, and report "1/to n" and then report "interval". At this time, the coach can go to the edge of the stadium to guide the athletes, and report the "interval" after 40 seconds.
120 second intermission: When the last round of a game has just become a dead ball, the referee should immediately start the stopwatch and report "X game is over, XX wins XX, XXX, intermission". After changing the venue, athletes can go to one side of the venue to receive the guidance of the coach. After 70 seconds, the referee will report "X field, 20 seconds" and the athletes should return to the field to start.
Coach's guidance: Under the condition that the ball is not dead, it is forbidden for the coach to give off-court guidance in any form during the game. And ensure that:
During the competition, the coach shall sit in the designated chair and shall not stand on the edge of the field (except for the intermission allowed by the competition rules 16.2).
No coach is allowed to distract the athletes or interrupt the game.
If the game is interrupted or the athlete's attention is distracted due to the guidance of the coach, it will be judged as "re-serving" and the coach will be given the first warning.
If it is necessary to give a second warning, call the referee immediately.
The referee will make a corresponding decision on whether to ask the coach to leave the venue.
Handling of athletes' misconduct: any impolite behavior and manners are misconduct. Specific examples are as follows
1) deliberately affects the speed of changing the ball-the referee has to change a new ball besides mishandling it.
2) Touching the net with the racket-the player is dissatisfied with his hitting mistake or the referee's penalty, and blows the net with the racket to vent his emotions.
3) Intentionally hitting the ball hard to the off-court or the opponent's court-this often happens when the player is dissatisfied with the judgment or the referee does not agree with his request for changing the ball.
4) Racket throwing-Athletes can vent their emotions by throwing a racket or hitting the ground with a racket. This is a very dangerous behavior, which often leads to injuries to others.
5) Bad manners —— After a successful strike, the referee should stop the athletes from making a fist demonstration to the opponent.
6) Swearing-it is not allowed to scold others or yourself on the court.
7) Disobeying the referee and pestering the referee rudely-after the referee answered his complaint, the athlete refused to continue the competition.
8) Off-site guidance-Athletes are not allowed to receive off-site guidance except during the prescribed interval. According to the situation, the referee can re-judge the serve and report it to the referee, who can send the coach off the court.
The referee who commits the above acts shall be punished according to the rules according to the seriousness of the case, and the lighter case shall be reminded; Warning obvious "delaying games and misconduct"; Sentence illegal acts that have been warned and repeated or if the circumstances are serious; The referee has the right to disqualify the offending party who has been convicted of breaking the law and committing it again, or if the circumstances are particularly serious and report to the referee. The referee should record the implementation of all the rules of "continuity of match, misconduct and punishment" on the scoreboard.
The method of executing punishment for those who commit "misconduct"
Warning: yellow card in the right hand, look up and report "Come here, XXX, misconduct warning"
Violation: the right hand holds a red card and looks up to report "XXX coming, improper behavior, violation"
Disqualification: the referee will hand over the black card to the referee, and the referee will raise his head with the black card in his right hand and report "XXX, your misconduct will be disqualified"