Postscript: Why did you write this book?

The chapter submitted for review is a postscript, which actually talks about the content and creative purpose of the book, including the application purpose. What is the relationship between the appellation of ancient people and people's life today? From the utilitarian point of view, there is almost no other realistic relationship except the creators of tourism novels and historical novels, the screenwriters of costume dramas and the creation of scripts. So, is this a meaningless topic? To be honest, thousands of usage examples found in ancient Chinese prose and the time spent analyzing the origin, dating and evolution of various ancient appellations are almost impossible to use in daily life; As a leisure, it is not so easy. After all, this kind of research is not a love poem that literary youth can still sigh. Even costume dramas and time-travel novels, it is impossible to write dialogue titles in classical Chinese format. Speaking of it, the common people's daily necessities have little to do with the personal appellation in ancient China, just like the intersection of northern urban residents and Bengal tigers. However, just as the Bengal tiger affects the ecological balance of its habitat, the appellation of the ancients continues to exert a subtle influence in the field of cultural inheritance. China people's culture, thoughts, beliefs, habits, world outlook and personality shaping for thousands of years are all revealed bit by bit from the appellation system. If there is no summative text to convey manna, then they may be unnecessarily ignored in the busy modern life, and eventually become more and more unfamiliar with modern China people. We work, live and earn money, and finally we don't know where we come from and what beauty is. It is sad for a nation to lose its cultural heritage and ignore the essence of tradition, and it is also empty for people with indifferent spirit. The ancients used different honorifics, courtesy names, personal names and appellations on different occasions to distinguish tone and language potential, which reflected China people's attitude towards people's lives, removed the dross such as rank, and left China people with a peaceful world outlook of humility, forbearance, courtesy and kindness. This is different from other cultures, and it is also the root of China people's standing among the nations of the world with their gentle, sincere and modest attitude. In modern times, we are invaded, our country is destroyed, and most things in the old days are scoffed at. This gentleness was hastily changed, so that many people in modern China gradually lost their calm and elegant posture, impetuous and ignorant, flattering and utilitarian. This kind of mental attitude is hardly worthy of the demeanor that a big country should have, which has to be reflected. In addition, from the origin of ancient appellations in China, we can learn many interesting social problems. For example, modern people in China like to address strangers by kinship terms such as elder sister, aunt, uncle, eldest brother, elder brother and elder sister, which is not found in other countries. On the contrary, the names used by other countries to befriend "dear" and express closeness have no suitable growth foundation in China. This has risen from appellation to the comparison between eastern and western societies. The habit of addressing left by ancestors is a major feature that distinguishes eastern and western cultures. Besides cultural comparison, China's profound culture has left many ways to address people. In ancient times, people could call a person by name, word, official position, title, hometown, nickname, curse, honorific words, full name and abbreviation. In different conversation situations, the ancients chose different names to express their mood, attitude and meaning. Although modern people have fewer titles than ancient people, they have names, titles, kinship, nicknames and so on. Or to express the speaker's different mentality in various public and private occasions, which is a necessary link for smooth interpersonal communication. Understanding the cultural connotation can also help the speaker to choose the right title in the right occasion, so as not to be unable to express his meaning or appear modest. At a lower level, the history of China unfolds in the dialogues of many characters. What they face is the dialogue appellation of different characters in different scenes and events, which is a very intuitive way to understand history. It is recorded in the biography of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu and Zhuge Liang that Sima Yi praised Zhuge Liang and used a high title: "The army retreated, and Xuan Wang camped out and said,' A genius in the world!'" ""This is the author of the reflection Chen Shou borrow sima yi said. Chen Shou entered Jin after Shu's death and became the author of Jin Dynasty. Therefore, his book can only respect Cao Wei and Sima Shi as orthodoxy, call Sima Yi Wang Xuan and establish Sima Shi's inheritance. For Sima Yi's main rival, Chen Shou can't hold Zhuge Liang too high, which will be embarrassing for Sima Yi. He can't take advantage of half of China to fight against Bashu. In Biography of Zhuge Liang, Chen Shou wrote: "Brilliant, better at managing appearance, shorter than intrigue, and better at managing people." He called Zhuge Liang by his first name and didn't shy away from it, criticizing him for not being wise enough. However, it is hard to deny Zhuge Liang's merits and abilities. As a good history, Chen Shou expressed his admiration for "the world's wizards" with the spring and autumn brushwork and Wang Xuan's words. Many people say that this admiration is Sima Yi's admiration for Zhuge Liang's management of the camp, not his military strategy. Actually, it is not. Sima Yi himself is a master of running the army and leading troops. Zhuge Liang's army array will inevitably leave a surprise and unique layout trace, which will make the master sincerely admire. Setting up the camp is only the general's basic skill. If the plan is neat and the layout is rigorous, how can we win the admiration of Sima Yi who has gone through the battlefield and broken countless enemies? This "human genius" is wrapped in the full text on the premise of Sima Jing. With Wang Xuan's praise, political opponents will not be caught anyway. Is it better to read history like this than simply taking photos of fans? Authors who create different historical documents often use specific titles to show their positions and love/hate relationships with historical figures under specific background and environment, and these titles even indirectly cover up the historical truth. Therefore, the most direct function of understanding ancient appellations is to better understand the truth behind history and words. Here is an example. Chivalry, which only appeared during the Warring States Period, was originally driven by people, just like Qiu. The Western Han Dynasty was the golden age of Rangers, and various famous soldiers emerged constantly. They keep their promises, value righteousness over profit, and often go against powerful people. For the people, for those who are treated unfairly, Xia is naturally the second generation of parents. But for the ruling class, chivalry is a social instability factor, a bad element that endangers its ruling order, and a villain that undermines the prestige of the imperial court. The Emperor of the Han Dynasty severely punished the Rangers, and even Guo Jie, the first warrior in the world, was killed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. When Sima Qian wrote Historical Records, he devoted himself to the Biography of the Ranger. He didn't flatter the imperial court, but criticized Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for his actions of cracking down on righteous men and overcorrecting them. Of course, Sima Qian, who lived in the Han Dynasty, could not write a big book attacking words. Sima Qian can only show his position through a specific title. In the "Biography of Rangers", Sima Qian explained the title of Rangers in this way: "The so-called words must be done, actions must have results, and words must be sincere. Those who do not care about their own bodies will go to the plight of scholars, and those who betray their righteousness will be thousands of miles away." They are all praise and praise, and they also express the author's mind in a meaningful way. The brave and indomitable chivalrous image in China culture has also been fixed and become a hero in people's minds. However, chivalry is, after all, a person who is outside the ruling order and violates the ban by force. The court hates them. Ban Gu in the Eastern Han Dynasty wrote Hanshu as an official of the history department of Lantai. His point of view is completely different from Sima Qian's. He thinks Xia is a dangerous person who "steals power and kills people with impunity". Geographically, Ban Gu even directly regarded the Ranger as a villain, saying: "(Guanzhong area) is a place where five parties are mixed and customs are impure. His family is good at etiquette, rich in good merchants, and arrogant for adultery. " This is the interpretation of the title of Ranger on behalf of the ruling class. Its point of view is that knights are no different from thieves and sinners. The official history after Hanshu is mostly official history books, and official scholars feel that it is no longer necessary to preach to the unstable elements. Therefore, there is no ranger biography after Hanshu. The different interpretations of the title "Ranger" by Sima Qian and Ban Gu are actually the collision of historical and social viewpoints, and the direct confrontation between the ruling attitude of feudal times and social fairness and justice. This is actually a secret and meaningful history. In addition, the falsification of appellation is a great weapon to identify the historical truth, just as it is impossible for a city whose telephone has been upgraded before to use the upgraded number, the evolution and development of appellation, the change of situation and the identity of the object are all falsification of some historical records. For example, Pei Songzhi quoted Ma Chao when commenting on the History of the Three Kingdoms, saying that Liu Beizi was killed by Zhang Guan in Canon, and he expressed his opinion: "(Chen Songzhi) thought he was too poor and unprepared, so he was knighted. How can he be arrogant and call for words? " Combined with the fact that Guan Yu has never been to Shu, this story is proved to be false. Others think that Luo Guanzhong is wrong about the sentence "Dajiang Yang, Ji Ling, Long History" in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. However, judging from the title, the original "Yang Hong's long history, General Ji Ling" was used by the Qing Dynasty to avoid Li Hong, the emperor of Qianlong. Why bother? Some people say that "Changmen Fu" was written, but before the death of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, the preface of "Changmen Fu" was called "Emperor Xiao of Han Dynasty" by the emperor, which proved that "Changmen Fu" would be a forgery of later generations. In the late Qing Dynasty, it was suspected that the tomb of Huang Zhong was excavated in Chengdu, and the inscription "Huanggang Hou taboo Han Sheng's tomb" shocked the squire. But it was only in the Tang and Song Dynasties that characters were taboo, so this tomb was definitely not a Han tomb, but was falsified. Such things, to name a few, are the embodiment of the role of appellation in confirming historical events and restoring the truth. Finally, talk about the practical function of this book. In addition to an interesting and in-depth reading history, this book is also a tool-based reading. To create novels and plays with ancient scenes, we need to refer to the titles with the background of the times. This is a yardstick when writing, completely pursuing the appellation of the ancients. This appellation is too uncommon for modern people to understand, but it does not follow the appellation of the ancients at all and loses the most important sense of the times. Therefore, only by choosing the most appropriate ancient titles, developing plots and organizing dialogues to avoid serious injuries can we achieve the sense of reappearance of ancient scenes and guide readers to be realistic. If complete agreement is not required, complete injury can be avoided as long as it conforms to the sense of the scene, conforms to the understanding of the audience and is as old as possible. The title system of "Dismantling the Dragon" is almost as horrible as its plot, and the opening is a common-sense mistake. When Zhao Yun joined the army, Luo Guangping asked him, "Name?" A: "Zhao Zilong." This is not right. The name is Zhao Yun, and Zilong is a Chinese character. According to the traditional culture of self-modesty, the ancients declared that it was impossible to call themselves roles except to sign up for the battlefield. If you ask a name in ancient times, you can only answer the name Yunzi Zi Long. However, Zhao Wei's mistake of reading Miao people as stone people in Mulan is insincere and can be avoided with a little proofreading. The name of Cao's adult in the bad film Guan Yunchang is even more fake. Adults hardly used to be called officials before the Ming Dynasty, but were only occasionally used in dramas such as Yuan Zaju. Therefore, The Orphan of Zhao, a film adapted from Yuan Zaju in the Spring and Autumn Period, can be called an adult. However, Guan Yunchang, based on the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, can't be used in this way. In the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, there is no place for adults to address officials. The most suitable honorific choice for Cao Cao in Guan Yunchang is Gong, Cao Gong, Prime Minister or Prime Minister Cao. The title "Zetian" is often used in the series of Wu Zetian, but it is neither the name of Wu Zetian nor its official title. In fact, Zetian is the honorific title of Tang Zhongzong, which was added in the last year of Wu Zetian's life, and could not have appeared in any dialogue address before. After entering the palace, Wu Zetian was named "Mei Niang" by Emperor Taizong, who was born as a talented person and later became a monk. After returning to the palace, she was named Zhaoyi by Gaozong, then the queen and then the emperor. In terms of appellation, it is generally limited to this. Wu Biao is not the name of her youth. These are all things that need attention in the script. These mistakes may be harmless, but if it is serious production, we must choose an attitude that is more worthy of the audience. As long as it is not a historical drama with a funny story, it should follow the minimum ancient questions. Reading literary works in ancient scenes is not reading ancient books. The audience does not actually require that every title be selected from ancient Chinese. It is obviously disrespectful to call the general of the Han Dynasty the company commander and his son-in-law Xu, and sourdrang queen called himself Xiao Zhuang's mistake. Preface to the table of contents: What does this book say? Chapter 1 Surname, Name, Honor and Modesty Chapter 3 Title of Royal Family Chapter 4 Title of Officialdom Chapter 5 Title of Ancient Relatives Chapter 6 Behind the ancients: posthumous title, Taboos and Tombstones Chapter VII Synthesis and Appellation Chapter VIII Ancient Group Appellations Including Professional Appellations Chapter IX Metaphorical Appellations Chapter XVII XI Appellations Stories on Stones Chapter XII XI Elegance and Nicknames Chapter XIII Ancient Personal Pronouns Chapter XIII Appellations in Ancient Swearing Chapter XIV Classification of Appellations Chapter XV Da Kun in Appellations Chapter XVI Conflict between Eastern and Western Civilizations Chapter XVII Diplomatic History in Appellations Chapter XVII Ethnic Fusion in Appellations Chapter XIX Postscript: Why should I write this book?