2 English reference to Clematis [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]
Clematis chinensis [2 1 century bilingual dictionary of science and technology]
Clematis chinensis [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Clematis chinensis, root [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Clematis [Committee on Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine]. Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004)]
Clematis chinensis [Chinese medicine terminology review Committee] Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004)]
3. Summary Clematis is the name of traditional Chinese medicine, published by Tang Houningji. It is the dried root and rhizome of Clematis chinensis of Ranunculaceae. Or clematis northeast. [ 1].
Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China (PRC) (20 10 edition) records the pharmacopoeia standard of this Chinese medicine.
4 Latin scientific name Clematis (Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004))
5 English name China Clematis (Chinese Medicine Terminology (2004))
6. The aliases of Clematis chinensis include Nengxiao, Kuailingxian, Kuailingxian, Clematis chinensis, Lingxian, Clematis chinensis, Jiucaoji, Windmill, Xuxianmiao, Heigu, Akebia Akebia, Clematis chinensis, Iron Fan Brush, Seven-inch Wind, Clematis chinensis, Niuxiancao, Niucaocao, Huxu and Jiaoteng.
Lingxian, clematis with iron feet [3].
The source of Clematis chinensis is the root of Clematis chinensis or Clematis gossypii of Ranunculaceae. Clematis northeast [3].
8 Origin Clematis is mainly produced in Jiangsu, Anhui and Zhejiang [3].
Cotton clematis is mainly produced in Shandong, Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Jilin [3].
Clematis in Northeast China is mainly produced in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia [3].
9 sexual taste is pungent and warm; Into the bladder meridian [3].
Efficacy and indications 10 Clematis chinensis has the effects of expelling wind and removing dampness, dredging collaterals and relieving pain, removing bones and resolving hard mass and reducing swelling [3];
Clematis chinensis treats arthralgia due to wind-cold-dampness, cold pain in waist and knees, numbness of limbs, beriberi, jaundice, stagnation, choking diaphragm, acute tonsillitis and filariasis: 6-9g [3].
Fishbone throat clematis: decocted in water with vinegar, 15 ~ 30g [3].
Clematis root treats parotitis: fresh products are mashed, soaked in vinegar for three days, and the immersion liquid is applied to the affected area three or four times a day [3].
1 1 Clematis chinensis contains anemonin, sterols, saponins, phenols and so on.
The root of Clematis chinensis also contains Clematis chinensis A ~ C and triterpenoid saponins with hederagenin and oleanolic acid as aglycones.
12 pharmacological action of the soup has inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae in vitro [3].
Clematis chinensis extract has inhibitory effect on common pathogenic dermatophytes [3].
The decoction and ethanol extract of Radix Clematidis can promote bile secretion [3].
The ethanol extract of Radix Clematidis can induce labor in mice during the second trimester of pregnancy and inhibit the isolated small intestine [3].
Wellington Soup can relieve pain [3].
Clematis chinensis has inhibitory effect on sarcoma 180 [3].
Pulsatilla is a toxic component [3].
The plant mucus of Clematis chinensis is * * * [3].
13 dietary taboos during taking clematis chinensis. Avoid eating noodles in soup and tea [4].
14 Clematis chinensis poisoning Clematis chinensis contains anemonin and anemonin as toxic components [2].
14. 1 Adverse reaction mechanism: Pulsatilla chinensis and anemone anemone contained in this product are toxic components, and excessive use will cause poisoning. Plant mucus or protoanemone has * * properties on skin and mucosa. If it is exposed for a long time, it will make the skin blister and the mucosa congestion. Excessive oral administration can cause gastrointestinal symptoms. [2]
14.2 symptoms of clematis chinensis poisoning: excessive or large doses for long-term external use can cause poisoning. External use can cause skin blisters, ulcers and allergic dermatitis. When taken orally, the oral cavity is burning, swollen, vomiting, abdominal pain or severe diarrhea, dyspnea, slow pulse and dilated pupils. In severe cases, he died within 10 hours. [2]
14.3 the treatment points of clematis poisoning are [2]:
1. Patients with skin and mucous membrane poisoning can be washed with clean water, boric acid or tannic acid solution.
2. At the initial stage of oral poisoning, gastric lavage was thoroughly performed with 1: 2000 potassium permanganate solution, egg white was taken and glucose saline was intravenously dripped; Severe abdominal pain can be treated with atropine and other symptomatic treatments.
15 The standard of the Pharmacopoeia of Clematis chinensis 15. 1 was named Clematis chinensis.
Wei lingxian
root of Chinese clematis
15.2 source this product is the dried roots and rhizomes of clematis chinensis and clematis gossypii. Or clematis northeast. Ranunculaceae. Digging in autumn, removing sediment and drying in the sun.
15.3 Character 15.3. 1 The rhizome of Clematis chinensis is columnar, with a length of1.5 ~10cm and a diameter of 0.3 ~1.5cm.. The surface is light brown; Top residual stem base; Tough texture and fibrous section; A lot of thin root cutting is on the lower side. The root is slender and cylindrical, slightly curved, 7 ~ 15 cm long and 0. 1 ~ 0.3 cm in diameter; The surface is dark brown, with thin longitudinal stripes, and some skin parts fall off, exposing yellow-white wooden parts; Hard and brittle, easy to break, wide skin, light yellow wood, slightly square, there are often cracks between skin and wood. A slight breath, a faint taste.
15.3.2 The rhizome of clematis gossypii is short columnar, with a length of 1 ~ 4 cm and a diameter of 0.5 ~ 1 cm. Roots are 4 ~ 20cm long and 0.1~ 0.2cm in diameter. The surface is brownish black; The wood part is round. It tastes salty.
15.3.3 the rhizome of clematis mandshurica is columnar, with a length of1~1cm and a diameter of 0.5 ~ 2.5 cm. Dense roots, 5 ~ 23 cm long and 0. 1 ~ 0.4 cm in diameter; The surface is brownish black; The wood part is almost round. It tastes very spicy.
15.4 Identification (1) Root segment of this product: clematis? The outer wall of epidermal cells is thickened and brown-black. The cortex is wide, all of them are parenchyma cells, and the cells in the outer cortex extend tangentially; The inner cortex is obvious. There are often fiber bundles and stone cells on the outside of phloem. The fiber diameter is 18 ~ 43 μ m, and the cambium is obvious. Xylem is completely lignified. Parenchyma cells contain starch granules. The outer cortex cells of clematis cottonkinensis extend radially, and the outer cortex 1 ~ 2 cell wall is slightly thickened. There are no fiber bundles and stone cells outside the phloem.
The outer cortex cells of clematis mandshurica are radially elongated, and the old roots are slightly tangential elongated. There are occasional fibers and stone cells outside the phloem.
(2) Take 65,438+0g of this product powder, add 50ml of ethanol, heat and reflux for 2hr, filter, concentrate the filtrate to 20ml, add 3ml of hydrochloric acid, heat and reflux for 65,438+0h, add 65438±00ml of water, cool, add 25ml of petroleum ether (60-90℃) for shaking extraction, and evaporate the residue with anhydrous ethanol. In addition, the oleanolic acid reference substance was added with absolute ethanol to prepare a solution containing 0.45mg per 1ml as the reference substance solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (Appendix ⅵ b of Pharmacopoeia Part I, 20 10), absorb 3μl of the above two solutions, respectively spot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, pre-saturate the thin-layer plate with toluene ethyl acetate formic acid (20: 3: 0.2) as developing agent for 30 minutes, unfold, take out, dry and spray with/kloc-0. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control sample.
The water content of 15.5.1shall not exceed 15.0% (Appendix ⅸ h First Method of Pharmacopoeia 20 10).
15.5.2 the total ash content shall not exceed l0.0% (appendix ⅸ K, part I of Pharmacopoeia 2010).
15.5.3 The acid-insoluble ash content shall not exceed 4.0% (Appendix ⅸ k of Pharmacopoeia I of 2010).
15.6 the extract shall be determined by the hot dip method under the alcohol-soluble extract determination method, with ethanol as the solvent, which shall not be less than 15.0%.
The content of 15.7 was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (appendix ⅵ D of Pharmacopoeia I, 20 10 edition).
15.7. 1 chromatographic conditions and system applicability test: octadecylsilane bonded silica gel is used as filler; Acetonitrile water (90: 10) was used as the mobile phase; The detection wavelength is 205 nm. According to oleanolic acid peak and hederagenin peak, the theoretical plate number should be not less than 3000.
15.7.2 preparation of reference solution take appropriate amounts of oleanolic acid reference substance and hederagenin reference substance, accurately weigh them, and add methanol to make a mixed solution containing 1mg per 1ml.
15.7.3 preparation of test solution take about 4g of this product powder (pass through No.4 sieve), weigh it accurately, put it in Soxhlet extractor, add a proper amount of ethyl acetate, heat and reflux for 3h, discard the ethyl acetate solution, evaporate the solvent in the residue, transfer it to a conical flask together with a filter paper tube, add 50ml of dilute ethanol accurately, weigh it, and heat and reflux for 65438 0 hours. Shake well, filter, accurately measure 25ml continuous filtrate, put it in a water bath for drying, add 30ml 2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution to dissolve the residue, and heat and reflux for 2h. Immediately cool, transfer to a separatory funnel, wash the container several times with water 65438+ 100m 1, and combine the washing liquid into the separatory funnel. Add ethyl acetate, shake and extract for 3 times, each time 65438±05ml, combine ethyl acetate solutions, concentrate to near dryness below 70℃, add methanol to dissolve, transfer to a 65438±00ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the scale, and shake well to get the final product.
15.7.4 determination method Accurately suck the control solution and the test solution 10μl respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine to obtain the product.
In terms of dry products, the content of oleanolic acid (C30H48O3) and hederagenin (C30H48O3) in this product shall not be less than 0.30% respectively.
15.8 Radix Clematidis decoction pieces 15.8. 1 Processing to remove impurities, cleaning, wetting, cutting into sections and drying.
This product presents irregular fragments. The surface is dark brown, brown or brown-black, with fine longitudinal lines, and some epidermis falls off, revealing yellow-white wood. The cut skin is wide, the wood is light yellow, slightly square or nearly round, and there are often cracks between the skin and the wood.
15.8.2 identification (except cross section)? The same medicine.
15.8.3 Check the same medicinal materials.
The extract of 15.8.4 is the same as the medicinal materials.
The content determination of 15.8.5 is the same as that of medicinal materials.
15.8.6 Sexual taste and pungent, salty and warm meridian tropism. Return to bladder meridian.
15.8.7 Functions and indications: expelling wind and removing dampness, dredging meridians. Used for rheumatic joint pain, numbness of limbs, contracture of tendons and veins, and unfavorable flexion and extension.
15.8.8 Usage and dosage 6 ~ 10g.
15.8.9 Store in a dry place.
15.9 Source