There are many kinds of Mongolian medicines and rich resources, and they are mainly botanical medicines. According to literature records, there are a total of 2,351 species of seed plants and ferns distributed in Inner Mongolia, including 184 species of introduced and cultivated plants, 2,176 species of wild plants, belonging to 720 genera and 133 families, and 1,122 species of wild medicinal plants. , belonging to 117 families and 1033 species. In addition, there are 2 species of medicinal algae in 1 family, 68 species of fungi in 24 families, 7 species in 5 families of lichens, and 12 species in 11 families of mosses. Among them, there are 104 commonly used medicines and 78 most commonly used medicines, accounting for 36% of the most commonly used botanical medicines in the country.
There are more than 450 kinds of medicines commonly used in Mongolian medicine and more than 260 kinds specially used in Mongolian medicine. The region’s self-produced medicinal materials account for 30%. Mainly include heat-clearing medicine, Qubada dry medicine, Heyi medicine, and Huanghui medicine. There are also 17 categories of anthelmintic drugs, drugs that promote the formation of fever, mucocidal drugs, diuretic and water-replenishing drugs, kidney-tonifying drugs, phlegm-breaking and stagnation-removing drugs, cough-relieving and phlegm-reducing drugs, purgative drugs, anti-diarrheal drugs, nourishing and strengthening drugs.
There are many resources in Mongolian medicine that are valuable for development and utilization. For example, there are stems and branches of the Sapindaceae plant Brassica genifolia, which is a special medicine for Mongolian medicine. After chemical analysis, Deng Lijia tested that it contains flavonoids, saponins, volatile oils, greases, coumarins, sterols and sugars. Gu Weizhang et al. comparatively analyzed the composition of A. elegans from different origins and obtained Two flavonoids, namely myricin and dihydroquercetin. Huang Yafang et al. isolated five compounds from its ethanol extract, namely dihydroquercetin, dihydromyricetin, epicatechin powder, epigallocatechin and a compound with an unknown structure. Gu Weizhang et al. isolated aconitine, hypoaconitine, new aconitine, deoxyaconitine and aconitine from the dried leaves of the Ranunaceae plant Aconitum aconitum. From the dried and mature fruits of the Anacardiaceae plant Ziziphus jujuba, Deng Lijia and others obtained flavonoids, organic acids, sterols, volatile oils, coumarins, sugars and phenolic components. In the roots of Helanshan lilac, a plant of the Oleaceae family. Zhou Changfeng and others obtained volatile oil through preliminary experiments. Oils, steroids, terpenes, phenolic components, anthraquinones, coumarins, amino acids, proteins and sugars. From the seeds of lettuce, a plant in the Compositae family, Deng Lijia and others can obtain volatile oils, flavonoids, amino acids, peptide proteins, phenolic components and sugars. According to the analysis of Gu Weizhang and others, the flowers of Lulu contain volatile oils, flavonoids, phytosterols, triterpenes and sugars. Liu Guosheng reported that Inner Mongolia Lithospermum contains B, B-dimethacryloylshikonin at 1.21%, which is higher than Lithospermum and so on. Another example: Guangzao (Zhu Ru Shi Shaosha) has the effect of clearing away heart fire and strengthening the heart; its pharmacological analysis shows that it has the effect of treating coronary heart disease and arrhythmia. Mongolian radish flower (Huhe? Udabara) has the effect of clearing away heat, and has significant cardiotonic effects through pharmacological studies. Agarwood (Alxa Agaru) has the effects of suppressing the pain, clearing away heat, relieving pain, and respiration. According to modern pharmacological research, it has a certain anticonvulsant effect, has a significant inhibitory effect on the central nervous system, and has significant analgesia. effect. Piper longum (Pibilin) ??has the effects of regulating stomach fire, dispelling Badaganheyi, regulating body mass, nourishing and strengthening, relieving asthma, eliminating phlegm, and analgesic effects; through animal experiments, its volatile oil has the ability to withstand hypoxia and protect experimental acute Myocardial ischemia. The volatile oil of cabbage has a significant diuretic effect, and its total flavonoids have good cardiovascular effects. Wenguanmu (Sengden) has the effects of clearing away heat, reducing swelling and relieving pain. Its total flavonoids have been studied to have significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, there are white dragon calamus, Xinba, barberry, purple-flowered Aconitum, nasturtium, etc. These resources have certain development and utilization value. Some of these resources have been developed or are being developed and utilized.
The most abundant areas of Mongolian medicine in Inner Mongolia are the eastern mountains, especially the Yanbei Mountains in the Daxinganling Mountains, and the main bulk medicinal materials in Inner Mongolia are mainly distributed in vast grasslands and desert areas.
According to surveys and relevant data, the main botanicals with large reserves in Inner Mongolia are: ephedra, licorice, sophora, artemisia, bitter almond, Bupleurum, Platycladus orientalis, Pinus tabulaeformis, Inula, Cynomorium cynomorium, agrimony. Followed by red peony root, skullcap, sophora flavescens, polygonatum, Polygonatum odoratum, Cimicifuga, astragalus, Platycodon, motherwort, cocklebur, leucopodia, polygala, tamarisk, wolfberry, platycodon, selaginella. There are also gray rong, Yu Liren, puffball, hard Lithospermum, fragrant blue orchid, Caowei, Zhai Mai, Clematis and so on. In addition, there are also a certain amount of animal medicines such as deer antler and bezoar and mineral medicines such as residual grain soil and medical stone.
Mongolian medicinal plants are important biological resources in Inner Mongolia. There are two main purposes for developing and utilizing this resource. One is to seek new drugs to prevent and treat diseases and protect people's health; the other is to use resources to obtain the best economic benefits. In this regard, Inner Mongolia has done a lot of work over the years and accumulated some experience. On this basis, it has explored some effective ways to further develop and utilize this biological resource to benefit mankind. It is before all medical workers priority. Through the connections and exchanges of economic and cultural exchanges and medical science between various ethnic groups in the country and between China and foreign countries, Mongolian medicine during this period had a complete medical theoretical system and accumulated extremely valuable clinical experience and fruitful academic achievements. At that time, many Mongolian medical scientists published works on Han and Mao medicine, which laid the foundation for the development of basic theories of Mongolian medicine. Among them, the representative one is: the famous Mongolian medicine scientist Zhanpu in the 17th century wrote the book "Medical Guide", which describes the Mongolian medicine prescriptions for treating various diseases. It is a relatively complete collection of Mongolian medicine prescriptions. In the 18th century, the Mongolian medical scientists Sumpa, Khenpo, and Yixi Balazul wrote a complete set of Mongolian medicine such as "Amrita Drops", "Amrita Medical Theory", "Amrita Clinical Identification Theory, Diagnosis and Treatment Collection", and "Medicinal Crystal Jian" book.
There are also works such as "Summary of Pulse Jue", "Bashason Pharmaceutical Method" and "Drug Identification" written by Mongolian medical scientists Lobusan and Solerhihamumu. In the 19th century, the Mongolian medical scientist Jambradorji wrote the book "The Canon of Mongolian Medicine". ***Collected 879 medicines,*** accompanied by 576 illustrations. There is also the famous Mongolian medicine scientist Rob Sang Quan Pule, who has comprehensively summarized the experience of his predecessors through a lifetime of clinical practice and authored the book "Practical Mongolian Medicine". From the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, Mongolian medicine developed to a new stage, and many medical scientists and Mongolian medicine monographs emerged successively: For example, the famous Mongolian medicine scientist Hagegdandar wrote "Harile Jingzhu" Medical Journal", "Supplementary Medical Explanation", etc. Kusika compiled the "Collection of Mongolian Medical Prescriptions", with a list of Mongolian medicines that combine Mongolian, Tibetan, Han and Manchu medicines; Ishidan Senwangjile compiled "Red Coral Prescriptions"; Jigmud Dansenza Mu Luo compiled "Pu Dongfang"; Ao Si'er compiled "Medical Prescriptions and Techniques"; Agwang Longrigetub Danima compiled "Coral Pearl Prescriptions" and so on. The publication of these works made Mongolian medicine increasingly perfect, and gradually formed modern Mongolian medicine with distinctive northern ethnic medicine characteristics and regional characteristics. It has made contributions to ensuring the health of people of all ethnic groups in northern Xinjiang and the reproduction and survival of the Mongolian people.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the party's ethnic policy and traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) policy promoted the rapid development of Mongolian medicine. In the vast pastoral areas and some agricultural areas of Inner Mongolia, Mongolian medicine hospitals have been generally established, making Mongolian medicine play an important role in treating adversity and health care. Mongolian medical workers have made great achievements in preventing and treating common, frequently-occurring, endemic and difficult diseases. Some league cities in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region have successively established a number of Mongolian medical research institutions, which have made remarkable achievements in research on system theory, medicine, clinical and other aspects. The autonomous region has also established Mongolian medical colleges and Mongolian medical secondary vocational schools to cultivate A large number of new Mongolian medicine talents have provided successors for the development of Mongolian medicine. in recent years. The majority of Mongolian medicine workers have extensively collected Mongolian medicine prescriptions from various places. A general survey of Mongolian medicine resources in various parts of the region was carried out, activities of collection, planting and use were carried out, and scientific research work was strengthened. At the same time, a large-scale modern Mongolian medicine pharmaceutical factory was established to meet the needs of the region and beyond.