Breaking through the An Tesheng system and establishing the scientific system of the Neolithic Age in China is a great academic contribution of Yin Da's life, and the Neolithic Age is its representative.
/kloc-in the winter of 0/939, he wrote the article "Neolithic Age in China" in Yan 'an, inferring the absolute times of Longshan culture (Liangcheng period, Longshan period and Xincun period) and Yangshao culture (Hougang period, Yangshao period and Xindian period), filling the gap of early Neolithic culture in China, and establishing the Neolithic Age staging system in China, with a solid foundation. 1in April, 955, according to An Tesheng's new viewpoint, he wrote the article "On the division of Neolithic Age in China-Theoretical analysis of the division of Neolithic Age between An Tesheng and China", emphasizing that "the division standard of Neolithic Age in China should be established as soon as possible by using scientific methods and synthesizing a large number of new materials about Neolithic Age in China". 1962 10 published the article "Review and Prospect of Neolithic Research", which made a comprehensive investigation and systematic summary of Neolithic Research in China, "showing a bright and broad prospect for this discipline".
3. Primitive society in China
It is another important academic contribution of Yin Da to promote the study of Neolithic Age to the systematic study of primitive society in China, and the Primitive Society in China as Seen by Archaeology (abbreviated as Primitive Society in China) is its representative.
On the basis of "Grass Path" initiated by Guo Moruo's "Research on Ancient Society in China", 1939~ 194 1 year, Yin Da wrote a book "Primitive Society in China" in combination with "a lot of new materials and new academic achievements" at that time, which became a representative work of systematically studying primitive society from archaeology in the new historiography camp.
From1September 1939 to1September 1940, the first part of primitive society in China and the second part of primitive society in China came from ancient legends. These two parts have contributed new materials and new achievements to the academic circles, hoping to see the clues of the development of primitive society in China from here. The Supplement consists of three single papers: in order to prove that "the Chinese nation and its culture grew up in this vast land of China, and it was not transplanted from other places", it criticized the theory that the Chinese nation and its culture "came from the East" or "came from the West", 1940 65438+ 10 wrote the Origin of the Chinese nation and its culture. In July, he wrote Several Important Issues in the Debate on the Social Nature of Yin Shang Dynasty, arguing that "the archaeological excavations in Xiaotun Village and its vicinity in Anyang, Henan Province are the most valuable historical materials for studying the society at that time" and that "without them, it is impossible to write the history of Yin Shang society". In 194 1, 1, he wrote "On the Historical Materials of Yin Shang-Also on the Social Nature of Yin Shang", emphasizing that the historical materials of Yin Shang provided by archaeology are "the most reliable and valuable", but there are too few reports, which "cannot represent all the historical materials excavated at the sites of Yin Shang".
The first and last three editions, published by Yan 'an Writers Publishing House 1943, are called Primitive Society in China as Seen by Archaeologists, which is different from other primitive societies. This theory is an extremely important step taken by Yin Da from archaeology to historical research.
4. History of China.
In order to explore the basic clues and evolution laws of China's historical development, Yin Da made an innovative attempt, and The History of China's Historical Development was its representative.
Shortly after the completion of Review and Prospect of Neolithic Studies, Yin Da "turned his energy to historical theory". From 1977 to 1978, it was decided to set up a historical research position in the Institute of History, set out to set up a research room, recruit graduate students, and gradually explore the development of China history.
1982 in the second half of the year, we and the members of the research room formulated the compilation principles of the History of Chinese Historiography, and set up a compilation team to compile according to the division of labor. The principle of compilation stipulates: under the guidance of Marxism, explore and summarize the origin and development of China history until the basic process and law of science are gradually formed; Accurately divide its development stages and clarify the characteristics and internal relations of historiography in each stage; Criticize and summarize China's rich historical heritage, focusing on historical theory and thought. From July 65438 to July 0985, The History of Chinese Historiography was published by Zhongzhou Ancient Books Publishing House. The Lower Limit has been written until the end of 1940s, which made a valuable exploration of the origin and development of China's historiography until it became the basic clue and evolution law of science. Doronin, a Soviet scholar, thinks that The History of Chinese Historiography is "a new atmosphere in the history of Chinese historiography at present" and "this book reflects many new trends in historiography research to some extent".
Reading three books represents Yin Da's academic achievements and contributions in three aspects; Looking at the three representative works, we can clearly show Yin Da's way of studying from archaeology to historical research. Paying attention to interdisciplinary and multi-angle research and comprehensive research is an extremely important academic feature formed by Yin Da on the academic road of "from archaeology to historical research", which is also the fundamental reason for his organic combination of archaeology and historical research.
The writing of the book Analysis of Longshan Culture and Yangshao Culture has shown its own characteristics in this respect. This paper systematically cleared up the "excavation of Neolithic sites in China" in the first 17 years, "synthesized" five kinds of accumulation of "horizon relationship" between Longshan culture and Yangshao culture in each site, compared and analyzed many materials, and finally reached a conclusion. When writing "China Neolithic Age", he further criticized An Tesheng for "making such a mistake in methodology, so it is inevitable to stage a comedy of" the blind touch the elephant ". On the occasion of the publication of the book Neolithic Age in China, the postscript emphasizes: "It is very necessary to make a comprehensive study of seeking truth from facts; Without comprehensive research, it is impossible to gradually improve the theory of this discipline, and it is impossible to find problems from comprehensive research, so as to find the key to solving problems. "After systematically summarizing the archaeological achievements of New China, he wrote Review and Prospect of Neolithic Studies, and even emphasized that comprehensive research is" an extremely important experience in Neolithic studies ". This kind of experience or method is indeed an indispensable and important method in many academic research fields, including the relationship between theory and historical materials, the relationship between individual and whole, local and global, and the relationship between phenomenon and essence.
Yin Da advocated bringing interdisciplinary research into comprehensive research: "Neolithic archaeology needs the support and cooperation of other disciplines to develop in an all-round and healthy way." His expectation has become a trend in current academic research.
In the Neolithic age, the existing research results of the Neolithic age in the Yellow River basin, the Yangtze River basin and other areas were summarized. Combined with the unbalanced development of local work, this paper points out the problems that need further study and looks forward to the way forward.
Yin Da repeatedly stressed that archaeologists must strive to improve the ideological level and theoretical level of Marxism-Leninism, pay close attention to the complex social phenomena reflected by a large number of materials with a sense of responsibility for theoretical struggle, and actively carry out comprehensive research under the guidance of Marxist theory; We should strive to improve the technical level of field archaeology, take field work seriously with a high sense of academic responsibility, and solve the problem of relative age and stage of different cultural remains according to the relationship between horizons.
Yin Da quite uniquely pointed out that archaeological research should distinguish different stages of work: (1) scientific archaeological excavations and the compilation and publication of excavation reports. It is its primary responsibility to reflect the phenomenon of a certain site scientifically, comprehensively and systematically. (2) Comparative research and comprehensive research. According to the data of scientific excavation, from the height of archaeological theory, this paper deeply analyzes the complex phenomena reflected in it and solves some academic and theoretical problems. (3) Social history research based on the first two stages. He believes: "If you don't understand the main tasks of each stage, it will affect the progress of scientific work." "In addition to the serious comprehensive study of archaeology, that is, the exploration of the social history of the clan system may cause some academic confusion.