Cutting method: the method of selecting mother plant and covering overwintering is the same as the root splitting method. In late April, when the seedling height is 15-20cm, cutting along the ground, selecting stout seedlings with a length of 10cm or more, removing the lowest 2-3 leaves, and cutting into the cutting seedbed according to the row spacing of 7× 7cm. Shade and moisturize for about 20 days to grow new roots, and transplant when two new leaves grow after cutting. The transplanting method is the same as the root splitting method. Intertillage and weeding: after planting, when there is no withering phenomenon in the afternoon, the seedlings have survived and can start to loosen the soil and weed. Generally, it is carried out for 3-4 times, and it will not be carried out after bud formation. Diclofenac should be used to control weeds in the middle stage. Please refer to the instructions for use. Topdressing: when the plant grows vigorously after planting, apply about 1000 kg of thin fertilizer; At the early stage of bud pregnancy, 2000 kg of the above fertilizer was applied, and calcium superphosphate 10- 15 kg or 2% calcium superphosphate water was sprayed as foliar topdressing. Drainage and irrigation: water as early as possible after planting, keep it moist and improve the survival rate. After survival, the soil needs to be dried to promote the development of root system and control the growth of aerial parts. At this time, it is necessary to drain water in time to reduce humidity in case of rain. Topping: When the seedling is 65,438+0.5-20 cm high after survival, it should be topped on a sunny day to remove the stem tip of 65,438+0-2 cm to promote branching. After that, every 2 weeks 1 time, 3-4 times in a row, and don't do it after the end of July, otherwise there will be more branches and less flowers. Pest control:
(1) Leaf blight: also known as leaf blight. Pathogen is an ignorant bacterium, which occurs at all stages of growth, especially in rainy season. The first disease is the lower leaves. The diseased leaves have a nearly round purple-brown lesion with a gray center. There are small black spots (meristem robes) on the diseased spots in the later stage. After the lesion expands, the whole leaf dries up (does not fall off). Prevention and control methods: control moisture in the early stage of growth to prevent excessive growth, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission; Drain water in time after rain to reduce soil moisture. At the early stage of the disease, the diseased leaves should be removed in time, burned centrally, and sprayed with1:100 bordeaux solution or 50% mancozeb 800- 1000 times solution.
(2) Aphids began to occur in late April, and can be killed by spraying 200 times of 40% dimethoate EC or 25% triadimefon 1500-2000 times. Gongju, also known as Huiju, is a kind of chrysanthemum for tea, which is mainly produced in Ganxian County, Anhui Province. Gongju was introduced from Deqing, Zhejiang Province by Huizhou merchants in the 22nd year of Guangxu reign (A.D. 1896), and gradually formed a distinctive authentic medicinal material.
According to ancient books, it tastes sweet and bitter, and its nature is slightly cold; Has the effects of dispelling pathogenic wind, clearing away heat, clearing liver-fire, improving eyesight, removing toxic substances and diminishing inflammation. Chrysanthemum tea is one of the top ten famous flowers in China, which can be found almost everywhere in China. There are many varieties of chrysanthemums. Sometimes, add some tea leaves to white chrysanthemums to taste. Florists Chrysanthemum, who grew up in the clouds of mountains and rivers, inherited the aura of Huangshan and absorbed the essence of mountains and rivers in southern Anhui. For modern people, chrysanthemum tea has higher drinking value because it is pollution-free. 1590 Compendium of Materia Medica says: "Chuzhou Chrysanthemum, single petal is white and sweet." During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, Chuzhou Records recorded that "chamomile produces willow (now Nanqiao District of Jin Ryu), which is superior to Hangzhou and rare in the world". In the first year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, it was accepted as a tribute by the imperial court, so it was called "Chuzhou Gongju", so Chuju was the chrysanthemum with the highest medicinal value among the four famous chrysanthemums. Chrysanthemum tea has a certain curative effect on diseases such as dryness, excessive fire, dark eyes, or limb pain and numbness caused by wind, cold and dampness. Indications: cold, wind-heat and headache. In addition to this effect, chrysanthemum tea also has preventive and therapeutic effects on dizziness, headache and tinnitus. Chrysanthemum morifolium, also known as chamomile, is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, one of the eight famous medicinal materials in Zhejiang Province, and the best variety of chrysanthemum tea. Proved by modern medicine, it has the functions of stopping dysentery, diminishing inflammation, improving eyesight, lowering blood pressure, reducing blood fat and strengthening body. Can be used for treating damp-heat jaundice, stomachache, anorexia, edema and oliguria. Taking a bath with chrysanthemum soup has the functions of relieving itching, refreshing, caring skin and beautifying.
National classification standard:
Super grade: complete pattern, thick petals and uniform flower size; Frost-free flowers, moldy flowers, raw flowers (insufficient steaming time leads to dark flowers behind the sun) and soup flowers (too much water in the pot during steaming leads to hot flowers and brown flowers after drying); After soaking in water, the petals are white, and the stamens are dark yellow and even; The soup is clear, light yellow, bright and fragrant, sweet and sour.
Level 1: the flower pattern is basically complete, the petals are thick and the flower size is slightly uneven; Frosted flowers, raw flowers and soup flowers are within 5%; Petals are white and stamens are yellow after blisters are opened. The soup is clear, light yellow and fragrant, and slightly bitter.
Level 2: the flower size is slightly uneven; Frosted flowers, raw flowers and soup flowers are within 7%; Petals are gray and stamens are pale yellow after blisters are opened. The soup is clear, light yellow and fragrant, and slightly bitter. Palace Opera is also called "Florists Chrysanthemum" and "Huizhou Palace Opera", also called Huizhou Opera. Together with Hang Ju and Chu Ju, they are called the four famous chrysanthemums in China. As a tribute to the emperor in ancient times, it was named "Gongju". It is rich in ancient Huizhou and the vast area of Huangshan City, Anhui Province. It is mainly produced between Huangshan Scenic Area, a famous tourist resort, and Qingliangfeng, a national nature reserve, and is abundant in Lantian and Nantang in Xiuning County. Growing in a unique natural ecological environment, it has good quality, color, fragrance, taste and shape. It has both ornamental value and medicinal function. Known as the best medicine and drink, it is a famous specialty of Huangshan Mountain.
Drinking tribute chrysanthemum is divided into one to three grades according to its shape, color, petals, pedicel, smell and other indicators:
First-class: the flower is large, round and white, with 70% petals spread, dense petals, light yellow in the center of the flower, uniform flowers without scattering, green pedicels, fragrant air, sweet and bitter taste and no impurities;
Grade II: the flowers are medium, round and white, with 10 ~ 20% of the petals spreading over 70%, dense and uniform petals, green pedicels, fragrant smell, sweet and bitter taste and no impurities;
Grade III: the flowers are small, round and white, with 20-30% petals spreading over 70%, scattered and uneven, and the pedicels are mostly green, fragrant, sweet and sour, with impurities less than 0.5%. Chuju is mainly produced in Chuzhou, Anhui Province. Chu Ju calms liver yang and is often used to treat dizziness caused by hyperactivity of liver yang. TCM syndrome differentiation belongs to hypertension with hyperactivity of liver yang, so you can drink Chuju and Cassia seed instead of tea. Herbal Supplement records that chrysanthemum can be used as a pillow to improve eyesight. People with headache, dizziness, red eyes and swelling caused by hyperactivity of liver yang in Yang Can use chrysanthemum as a medicine pillow. Cuju is famous for its medicinal value. 1862 "plants and trees are harmful to profits" records that Chu opera has been famous for at least 150 years. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, Chu Ju was mainly produced in Chu County and Dingyuan, Anhui Province. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Quanjiao revived, and Chu Opera became popular in the West. Subsequently, the main producing areas moved south to Machang and Sanyi. In the 1960s, the yield of Chuju with whole pepper surpassed that of Chuxian, and it has been the main producing area of Chuju since then.
During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, Chuzhou Records recorded that "chamomile produces willow (now Nanqiao District of Jin Ryu), which is superior to Hangzhou and rare in the world". As early as the Northern Song Dynasty, local people ate Chu Ju as cakes and soaked Chu Ju wine to disinfect and dispel fire. Every time friends and relatives get together, guests and friends often use chrysanthemums to treat guests and give gifts. Ouyang Xiu's predecessor, Wang Yucheng, the magistrate of Chuzhou, made a wonderful description of Chuju's entry into the garden in his Cold Wash of Chamomile: "I feel quite ignorant after years of fatigue. Meng fasted and the kitchen was vegetarian. " In the first year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, it was accepted as a tribute by the court, so it was called "Chuzhou Gongju". 1862 Compendium of Materia Medica says: "Chuzhou Chrysanthemum, single petal is white and sweet." In modern times, it has been paid more attention by Chinese medicine and Chinese medicine circles. Dozens of national authoritative publications, such as China Pharmacopoeia, Yearbook of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Flora of China, Compendium of Materia Medica, etc., have conducted in-depth research and highly praised Chu Ju. Mr. Ye Juquan, a former academician of China Academy of Sciences, commented on chrysanthemums in Modern and Practical Chinese Medicine that "chrysanthemums produced in Chuzhou, Anhui Province are the coolest and not bitter, and chrysanthemums are the best to eat, followed by those produced in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province". 1957 China traditional Chinese medicine bulletin comments: "The Chinese medicine community recognizes Chu Ju as the crown of the four famous chrysanthemums in China." After 2000, the products sold well all over the country and exported to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and Southeast Asian countries. Physical and chemical analysis shows that chrysanthemum contains volatile oil, stevioside, adenine, amino acids, choline, stachydrine, berberine, flavonoids, chrysanthemum pigment, vitamins and trace elements, which can resist pathogens and enhance capillary resistance. Among them, flavonoids have been proved to have a strong scavenging effect on free radicals, and have remarkable effects on antioxidation and anti-aging. From the point of view of nutrition, the essence of plants lies in flowers and fruits. Chrysanthemum petals contain 17 kinds of amino acids, among which glutamic acid, aspartic acid and proline are higher. In addition, it is rich in vitamins and trace elements such as iron, zinc, copper and selenium, which has incomparable functions for ordinary fruits and vegetables.
Determination of Trace Elements in Chrysanthemum from Different Areas
The content of PbZnMnKCuMgCoCrNiNaCaFe is 6.7540.1231.641953414.432539.13.0413.27/kloc. 15.6 1506.6 Chu Ju 5.0576.1260.401757014.00 2434.62.85438+06.4416. 5438+028. 1 Huai Ju 0.74 29.95 32.221953712.53 2427.3 7.07 6.0517.41.4600.4/ (yellow) 8.6136.5549.10 2242014.40 2378.2 6.64 2.78 32.421705.41423.5 5654438+. Chrysanthemum has the function of clearing liver, improving eyesight and reducing fire.
1, anti-pathogen effect. Chrysanthemum morifolium has certain inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus B- thrombolysis and Salmonella typhi in vitro, and its aqueous solution also has inhibitory effect on some common skin pathogenic fungi. High concentrations also have antiviral and spirochete effects in vitro.
2. Enhance capillary resistance. The local phenol blue diffusion caused by intrathecal injection of histamine was small after intraperitoneal injection of chrysanthemum extract in mice, which indicated that chrysanthemum extract could inhibit capillary permeability and had anti-inflammatory effect.
3. It has antipyretic effect. It has a strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri.
4, the effect on the cardiovascular system is particularly significant. It can significantly dilate coronary artery and enhance coronary flow. This product has a good therapeutic effect on coronary heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and other senile diseases, thus playing a role in eliminating diseases and prolonging life. China has made remarkable achievements in treating common diseases of the elderly.
5, it has a calming effect on the central nervous system; It also has detoxification effect. 1. Chlorogenic acid contained in chrysanthemum tea will be oxidized in the air overnight and turn green. At this time, the tea has degenerated and can't be drunk. In summer, when the temperature is high, tea leaves are prone to rancidity and taste bad. If you leave it for more than 24 hours, you'd better not drink it, otherwise it will cause diarrhea. The content of vitamin C in overnight chrysanthemum tea is greatly reduced, and its nutritional value is reduced, so it is not recommended to drink it. Overnight chrysanthemum tea, especially with sugar or honey, is easy to cause diarrhea for people with cold stomach and weak body.
2, spleen and stomach deficiency is not suitable for drinking. Modern research believes that chrysanthemum contains a variety of nutrients, which has antibacterial, antiviral, antipyretic and anti-aging effects.
Chrysanthemum tea is not suitable for long-term continuous drinking, and it is generally suitable for 3~5 days. People with cold constitution may wish to put some medlar, and people with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold had better drink less.
3, yang deficiency is not suitable. Because chrysanthemum is slightly cold, some people with yin deficiency and vigorous constitution will get angry when drinking chrysanthemum tea. Before drinking chrysanthemum tea, they need to know their physique to avoid negative effects.
4. add rock sugar. For people with diabetes or hyperglycemia, it is best not to add sugar. In addition, some people with spleen deficiency should not add sugar, because too sweet tea will lead to sticky or sour mouth, increased saliva and physical discomfort. Hawthorn chrysanthemum tea
Raw materials: honeysuckle, chrysanthemum10g each, hawthorn slices12-24g.
Methods: Flos Lonicerae, Flos Chrysanthemi and Fructus Crataegi slices were brewed with boiling water.
Use: for drinking tea.
Efficacy: relieving summer heat and inhibiting dryness. It can relieve summer heat and quench thirst, and treat coronary heart disease, chest distress, arteriosclerosis and hyperlipidemia.
Application: Obesity, hyperlipidemia and hypertension patients.
Sanhuacha
Chrysanthemum, honeysuckle and jasmine are all a little. Soaking tea in water can clear away heat and detoxify. It is suitable for preventing and treating wind-heat cold, sore throat, carbuncle, etc. And even if you take it often, it can reduce the fire, and it has the effect of calming your mind and thinking quietly.
Chrysanthemum honey beverage
1. Take chrysanthemum 10g and tea 3g to brew together, which can prevent and treat early hypertension.
2. Take 10g chrysanthemum.
3. Chamomile is not bitter.
4. Take Flos Chrysanthemi Indici 15g (twice as fresh), brew in boiling water10min, and add 20g of rock sugar to dissolve. 2 doses a day, for tea, until tasteless. Clearing away heat and toxic materials, cooling blood and improving eyesight. Can be used for preventing and treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
babao chrysanthemum tea
Honeysuckle 10g, dried tangerine peel 5g, one boat-fruited Sterculia, a little crystal sugar, a little hawthorn, 5g organic green tea and two red dates, which can be eaten after soaking in boiling water for 5 minutes, or can be bought in a large supermarket nearby.
Brewing five or six chrysanthemums after meals every day can quench thirst and promote fluid production.
Rose chrysanthemum beverage
Chrysanthemum morifolium (12)+French rose (5): drink it repeatedly with 300ml boiling water. Chrysanthemum can nourish the liver, improve eyesight, beauty beauty, regulate blood lipid, replenish blood and refresh. Rose is a precious medicinal material, beauty beauty, which has obvious curative effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, heart disease and gynecology. Regulate liver and spleen, regulate qi and stomach. It has been discussed in Compendium of Materia Medica.
The main functions of chrysanthemum tea: regulating menstruation and detoxifying, whitening and removing acne, whitening and hydrating, reducing fire and clearing heat;
other
1. chrysanthemum (12 flowers)+honeysuckle (40 flowers): drink it repeatedly with 300ml boiling water. Main effects: clearing away heat and toxic materials, and treating fever; Heat-toxic blood dysentery; Carbuncle, swelling and furuncle; Sore throat and various infectious diseases.
2. Chrysanthemum (12)+ Lycium barbarum (20): Chrysanthemum (12) and Lycium barbarum (about 20) are brewed repeatedly with 300ml boiling water. Its main function is to relieve eye fatigue and dry eye symptoms. 3. Raw materials: chrysanthemum 10g, cassia seed 10g- 10g, 50g of japonica rice, and appropriate amount of rock sugar. Usage: Stir-fry Semen Cassiae in a casserole until it is slightly fragrant, take it out, let it cool, stir-fry it with chrysanthemum, remove residues to get juice, add japonica rice to cook porridge, add rock sugar when porridge is cooked, and then cook it with 1-2 until it is cooked. Every day 1 time; 5-7 days is the course of treatment1l. Efficacy: clearing liver, improving eyesight, lowering blood pressure and relaxing bowels. It is suitable for hypertension, hyperlipidemia and habitual constipation.
Note: people with diarrhea should not take it. Materials: 3 chrysanthemums and 7 medlars.
Practice: brew chrysanthemum and medlar with boiling water, and drink it when the color of tea soup darkens.
Therapeutic effect of tea: nourishing yin and kidney, nourishing liver and improving eyesight.