Classification of poetry
Poetry can be divided into two parts according to the era: classical poetry and modern poetry (old-style poetry).
Classical poetry also includes ancient style poetry (also known as ancient poetry, ancient style), modern style poetry (also known as modern style poetry, metrical poetry), lyrics (also known as poetry, long and short sentences, music lyrics, music lyrics), music, etc. Several different forms.
Archaic poetry is ancient free verse, with free form, no limit on length, no fixed number of words per sentence (referring to miscellaneous words), no antithesis, free rhyming, etc. It includes four-character ancient poems (first appeared in the Book of Songs), five-character ancient poems (mature in the Han Dynasty, such as "Nineteen Ancient Poems"), seven-character ancient poems (mature in the Tang Dynasty, such as "Song of Everlasting Sorrow"), and Yuefu poems (titled Some add names such as "song", "xing", "yin", "qu", "yin" and "nong", such as "Pipa Xing") and other forms.
Modern poetry flourished in the Tang Dynasty. In addition to the rhythm, the chapters have definite sentences, the sentences have definite characters, the characters have definite tones, and the rhymes have positioning. It has two types: quatrains and rhymed poems. Quatrains are divided into five-character quatrains (five-character quatrains) and seven-character quatrains (qijue). Rhymed poems are divided into three types: five-character rhymed poems (five-character verses), seven-character rhymed poems (qilu), and arranged verses.
Ci poetry flourished in the Song Dynasty. According to the number of characters, it can be divided into three forms: Xiaoling (within 58 characters), Zhongdiao (within 59-90 characters) and Longdiao (more than 91 characters). The tone of the words has a definite pattern, the sentence has a definite number, the characters have a definite tone, and the rhyme has a definite position.
Qu flourished in the Yuan Dynasty, with two forms: Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu has two forms: xiaoling (short pieces of music) and taoshu (also known as "set of music").
(3) Knowledge about poetry, lyrics, and music
①New poetry·Old style poetry
New poetry refers to the poetry advocated by the New Culture Movement before and after the May 4th Movement Free-style poems written in vernacular, such as "Farewell Cambridge" and "I Love This Land" are all new poems. Today's metrical poems written in classical Chinese are called old-style poems, such as Mao Zedong's "Qinyuanchun·Changsha" and Chen Yi's "Meiling Three Chapters". Both are modern poems.
②Archaic poetry and modern poetry
Archaic poetry and modern poetry are divided from the perspective of the rhythm of the poem. The main difference between the two is that modern poetry refers to metrical poetry that was formed in the early Tang Dynasty and has strict regulations on the number of words, rhymes, antitheses, etc., while ancient poetry does not pay attention to meter. Poems before the Tang Dynasty were all ancient poetry.
③Rhythm poetry·quatrains (also called quatrains)
The difference between rhythmic poetry and quatrains is mainly in the number of sentences. There are only four quatrains, which can be in contrast or not. There are eight lines in the rhythmic poem. The first and second lines are the first couplet, the third and fourth lines are the chin couplet, the fifth and sixth lines are the neck couplet, and the seventh and eighth lines are the last couplet. The first couplet and the last couplet can be opposite or not. It must be in contrast; both rhymed verses and quatrains require flat and oblique tones. Rhymed poems with more than eight lines are arranged rhymes.
④Song·Xing·Yin
There is no strict difference between the three ancient poetry genres. The syllables and rhythms are generally relatively free, and the forms include five-character, seven-character, and miscellaneous words, such as "Song of the Thatched House Broken by the Autumn Wind", "Pipa Xing" and "Li Ping's Konghou Yin".
⑤Yuefu·New Yuefu
Yuefu was originally the name of the official office in charge of music during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and later became the name of the poetic style. The music and songs collected and composed by the Yuefu official office in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties are referred to as Yuefu for short. New Yuefu was founded in the early Tang Dynasty. The poets of the early Tang Dynasty wrote Yuefu poems. In addition to using the old Yuefu titles of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, a few poets created new titles, which were different from the original rhymes, so they were called New Yuefu. Bai Juyi confirmed the name of New Yuefu.
⑥Title · Ci Pai
The difference between the title and the Ci Pai: the title of the Ci embodies the content of the Ci, and the Ci Pai is the name of the tune of a Ci. For example, in "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia", "Niannujiao" is the word card, and "Chibi Nostalgia" is the title, which reveals that the word is a lyric and the place is "Chibi". The words must have a word tag, but not necessarily a title. The upper part of the word divided into two parts is called "Shangque" (or "upper piece"), and the lower part is called "Xiaque" (or "lower piece") ("que" means the end of the music).
⑦Sanqu
Sanqu is a kind of harmonious song that emerged from the lyrics during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The form is similar to the word but freer than the word. You can add lining words in addition to the fixed number of words; more spoken language is used. Sanqu includes two forms: Xiaoling and Taoshu. Xiaoling only contains one piece of music, such as "Yue Diao·Tian Jing Sha·Qiu Si" only has one tune "Tian Jing Sha". The number of sets is a set of multiple pieces of a tune, which is a coherent set of tunes in opera or Sanqu. The number of pieces in a set is variable, ranging from two to no limit; each set starts with the first piece. The qupai is used as the name of the whole set of qupai; the whole set of melody must be of the same palace tune, have a beginning and an end, and rhyme to the end; "Sha" is often used at the end, and there is no regulation on how many times it can be used.
For example, "Banshe Diao·Shaobian·The Return of Emperor Gaozu" contains eight tunes belonging to the palace tune "Banshe Diao", among which "Shaobian" is the name of the first tune in this suite, and it is also the name of the first tune in this suite. The complete set of tunes