Yu Shinan (558-July 11, 638), courtesy name Boshi, Han nationality, was born in Yuyao, Yuezhou (now Minghechang, Guanhaiwei Town, Cixi City, Zhejiang Province). The son of the concubine Yu Li, the crown prince of the Chen Dynasty, and the younger brother of Yu Shiji, the minister of internal history of the Sui Dynasty. He was a calligrapher, writer, poet and politician from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and one of the twenty-four heroes of Lingyan Pavilion. [1]
Yu Shinan was quiet by nature, persistent and eager to learn. He served as an official in the Chen and Sui dynasties, serving as a secretary and living room official. After the fall of the Sui Dynasty, he was appointed as the Minister of Huangmen by Dou Jiande. After Li Shimin destroyed Dou Jiande, he introduced Yu Shinan to join the army in the Prince's Palace of Qin, join the army in the Record Office, and become a bachelor of Hongwen Hall. Together with Fang Xuanling and other officials, he was appointed Wenhan as one of the "Eighteen Bachelors". During the Zhenguan period, he successively held the posts of author, secretary, young eunuch, secretary eunuch, etc., and was granted the title of Son of Yongxing County and Duke of Yongxing County successively. He was later known as "Yu Yongxing, Yu Secret Supervisor". Although he looks timid and weak, he has a strong temperament and is outspoken and dares to give advice. He is deeply respected by Li Shimin and is known as the five talents of "virtue, loyalty, erudition, literary poetry, and calligraphy". In the twelfth year of Zhenguan (638), Yu Shinan died at the age of eighty-one. He was given the title of Minister of Rites and given the posthumous title "Wen Yi"[2], and was buried with him in Zhaoling. In the 17th year of Zhenguan (643), the portrait of Lingyan Pavilion was painted. [3]
Yu Shinan was good at calligraphy, and together with Ouyang Xun, Chu Suiliang and Xue Ji, he was known as the "Four Great Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty". Japanese academic circles call Ouyang Xun, Chu Suiliang, and Yu Shinan the "Three Great Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty". The "Beitang Shuchao" compiled by him is known as one of the four major types of books in the Tang Dynasty and one of the earliest existing types of books in China. The original collection of poems and essays consisted of thirty volumes, but the entire collection has been lost. During the Republic of China, Zhang Shouyong compiled "Yu Mi Jian Collection" into four volumes.
Real name
Yu Shinan
Alias
Yu Wenyi, Yu Yongxing, Yu Mijian
Words
Bo Shi
Era
Northern and Southern Dynasties→Sui Dynasty→Tang Dynasty
Nationalities
Han Nationality
Character Relationships
Yu Ji
Stepfather
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Anecdotes that mainly influence historical evaluation Accidents, Allusions, Interpersonal Relationships, Future Commemorations, Historical Materials Index
Biographies of Characters
Study and Study
Yu Shinan’s grandfather, Yu Jian, served as a councilor to King Shixing in the Liang Dynasty; his father, Yu Li, the concubine among the princes of the Chen Dynasty, had a high reputation. Yu Shinan's uncle, Yu Ji, served as an official in the Chen Dynasty and became the Minister of Zhongshu. Since he had no heirs, Yu Shinan adopted Yu Ji as his son, so he took the courtesy name Bo Shi. [5]
Portrait of Yu Shinan
Yu Shinan was quiet by nature, determined and studied hard. When he was young, he and his elder brother Yu Shiji studied under the famous writer Gu Yewang and received education. For more than ten years, he worked hard and thought unremittingly, sometimes not washing his face or combing his hair for more than ten days. He was good at writing articles and had learned from the famous writer Xu Ling. Xu Ling also believed that Yu Shinan had obtained his true essence. The monk Zhiyong from the same county as him was the seventh generation grandson of Wang Xizhi and was good at calligraphy. Yu Shinan worshiped Zhiyong as his teacher and learned the true transmission of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, which made his reputation even greater. [6]
Observe etiquette
In the second year of Emperor Chen Wen’s Tianjia reign (561), Yu Shinan’s father Yu Li passed away[7]. At that time, Yu Shinan was still young and became too thin due to sorrow. He was so damaged that he could hardly bear mourning clothes. Emperor Chen Wen knew that Yuli's two sons were knowledgeable and often sent envoys from the palace to their homes to support and protect them.
At the end of the mourning period, Yu Shinan was summoned to join the army as King Facao of Jian'an. His uncle Yu Ji was captured by Chen Baoying, the prefect of Jin'an, and was far away in Fujian and Vietnam. Although Yu Shinan had removed his mourning clothes, he still lived in civilian clothes and lived on a vegetarian diet. In the fifth year of Tianjia (564), Chen Baoying was defeated and Yu Ji survived, so Yu Shinan was ordered to take off his clothes and eat meat. [8]
Er Yu entered Beijing
In the first year of Emperor Zhide (583), Empress Chen was dismissed from the post of King You of Xiyang. In the ninth year of Kaihuang (589), after the fall of the Chen Dynasty, Yu Shinan and Yu Shiji went to Chang'an, the capital of the Sui Dynasty. Both brothers were famous for a while. People at the time compared them to Lu Ji and his younger brother Lu Yun in the Western Jin Dynasty. At that time, Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty was still the king of Jin. Hearing about their reputation, Yang Guang sent the documents summoned by King Yang Jun of Qin together. Yu Shinan firmly refused on the pretext of his mother's old age, and Yang Guang ordered the envoy to chase them. [9]
In the first year of Daye (605), Yu Shinan was successively awarded the title of Secretary Lang and promoted to the rank of Living Room Master. Together with Yu Chuo and Yu Zizhi, he wrote "Changzhou Jade Mirror" [10]. In the same year, he was in mourning because of his mother's death. [11] At that time, Yu Shiji was very prominent in the dynasty, and his wife imitated the king's clothes. Although Yu Shinan lived with them, he was poor and frugal and did not change his temperament. [12]
After the Jiangdu Incident, Yu Shinan followed Yu Wenhua to Liaocheng. In the second year of Wude (619), Yu Wenhuaji was defeated and beheaded[13], and Yu Shinan was captured by Dou Jiande, who appointed him as the Huangmen Minister. [14][15]
Strong and dare to remonstrate
In the fourth year of Wude (621), after Qin King Li Shimin destroyed Dou Jiande, Yu Shinan was appointed to join the army in the Qin Palace, and was soon transferred to Ji Shimin joined the army. In October, Li Shimin was named General Tiance and established a literature hall. Yu Shinan was awarded a bachelor's degree in Hongwen Guan. Together with Fang Xuanling, he was in charge of imperial edicts and Wenhan was one of the "Eighteen Bachelors".
[16][17]
Liu Songnian's "Illustration of Eighteen Scholars"
In the fifth year of Wude (622), he and Pei Ju wrote "The Book of Auspicious Books" [18].
In June of the ninth year of Wude (626), after Li Shimin was officially named the crown prince, Yu Shinan was promoted to the title of Prince Zhongsheren. [19][20]
In August of the same year, Li Shimin came to the throne, and Yu Shinan was transferred to the position of Zuo Lang and bachelor of Hongwen Museum. At that time, Yu Shinan was already old and asked to resign. Emperor Taizong refused and promoted him to the title of Prince You Shuzi. Yu Shinan firmly refused and was awarded the title of Secretary Shaojian. [21]
In the fifth year of Zhenguan (631), he participated in the compilation of "Qunshu Zhengyao". [22]
In July of the sixth year of Zhenguan (632), Yu Shinan submitted an article "On Holy Virtue". Taizong gave Yu Shinan a handwritten edict saying: "Your evaluation is too high. How dare I Compared with the ancient emperors, it is only slightly stronger than the modern ones. However, you have only just seen the beginning and do not know the end. If I can really start and end well, then your sage can be passed down to future generations; otherwise, I am afraid it will only become a legacy for future generations. A laughing stock!"[23]
In the seventh year of Zhenguan (633), Yu Shiji was transferred to the post of Secretary Supervisor and was given the title of Prince of Yongxing County. Taizong valued his extensive knowledge and often summoned Shinan to discuss classics and history together while dealing with major military and political affairs. Although Yu Shinan looks timid and weak, he has a strong temperament and is outspoken about the successes and failures in power. Taizong once said to his courtiers: "I used my free time to discuss ancient and modern political affairs with Shinan. If there was a mistake in one word, I would feel sad and resentful. He is so sincere and sincere. I have used him well. All the ministers are like With Shinan like this, the world still worries about what cannot be governed." [24]
In the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), Yu Shinan was granted the title of Duke of Yongxing County. [25] In the same year, a landslide occurred in Longyou, big snakes appeared many times, and Shandong and Jianghuai were hit by floods many times. Taizong asked about "changes in heaven". Yu Shinan took the previous landslides since the Jin Dynasty as examples, and took the opportunity to advise Taizong to follow moral principles, and hoped that Taizong would not be complacent because of his high achievements, nor be proud and lax because of the long period of peace, and be consistent. After hearing this, Taizong calmed down and reflected, thinking that these words had a warning effect on him. In April of the same year, Kang State presented a lion, and Taizong ordered Yu Shinan to write a poem for it. [26][27]
In the ninth year of Zhenguan (635), Emperor Li Yuan passed away. Yu Shinan repeatedly discouraged Taizong from building a mausoleum and giving him a generous burial, which made Taizong restrain himself. [28] He also sternly advised Taizong not to indulge in hunting and neglect political affairs. These all played a positive role in the "Government of Zhenguan" at that time. [29]
Highly remembered
In the twelfth year of Zhenguan (638), Yu Shinan petitioned to resign and return home. Taizong Youzhao agreed and was still awarded Yinqingguanglu Doctor and bachelor of Hongwenkan. [31]
Portrait of Yu Shinan with inscription and postscript
On May 25[32] (July 11) of the same year, Yu Shinan died in Chang'an at the age of 81. [31][33] After hearing the news, Taizong mourned for him in Biedi, cried bitterly, and issued an edict to Wei King Li Tai, saying: "Yu Shinan is loyal to me, picks up things and repairs them, and never forgets them. In fact, he is a famous minister of our time and has good human relations." That's right. If I make a small mistake, I will definitely offend Yan Zhijian. Now that he is dead, there is no one left in the imperial court! "He was given the secret weapon of Dongyuan, buried with Zhaoling, and given the posthumous title Wen Yi. [2][34]
On February 28, the 17th year of Zhenguan (643), Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty ordered Yan Liben to paint pictures of twenty-four heroes in Lingyan Pavilion. They were all life-size. Yu Shinan was among them. Among them, it ranks twentieth [35]. [3]
On June 1, the fourteenth year of the Dali calendar (779), Emperor Daizong of the Tang Dynasty evaluated the heroes of the previous generation, and eleven people including Yu Shinan were rated as second-class. [3]
In the first year of Jianzhong (780), thirty-four people including Yu Shinan were designated as superior meritorious officials by Tang Dezong. [3]
Main influence
Literature
Yu Shinan's writing is elegant, similar to Xu Ling's. He once advised Taizong not to write palace-style poems. However, except for a few interesting poems such as "Song of the Cicada" and more vigorous frontier fortress poems, the rest of his poems were mostly composed for responding to regulations, serving peace, and serving banquets. The diction is beautiful and the content is relatively simple. Vacant. [37]
Yu Shinan's head portrait
Yu Shinan's representative works include "A Visit to a Young Guest", "A Song of Resentment", "Fu De Linchi Bamboo Yingzhi", "Cicada", " "Feng He Yong Feng Ying Wei Wang Jiao" and "Out of the Fortress" (some say it was written by Yu Shiji), etc. Among them, the last three poems about objects respectively describe bamboo, cicada and wind. They closely grasp the characteristics of the objects and depict them very vividly. For example, the poem "Cicada" writes about cicadas drinking clear dew and perching high in the sycamore (Wu Tong). The sound is high and far away. Instead of relying on the autumn wind, it means that a gentleman should be like a cicada, standing high and far away, so that he does not have to rely on or be controlled by other things. His skill in describing objects and conveying his aspirations can be seen in this. When Shen Deqian of the Qing Dynasty commented on the two poems "On the Military March", he said that this poem (i.e. "Cicada") "still retains the Chen and Sui style, but pursues the elite police and gradually develops the style of the Tang Dynasty". [38]
Three Forgotten Poets: Who wrote the first poem of the founding of the Tang Dynasty?
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Calligraphy
Yu Shinan’s calligraphy succeeded the two kings ( Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi) tradition, soft on the outside and strong on the inside, the brushwork is smooth and harmonious and has an air of beauty. Together with Ouyang Xun, Chu Suiliang and Xue Ji, they are also known as the four great calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty. Li Sizhen of the Tang Dynasty listed his book as "upper or lower grade" in "Shuhoupin", and commented: "Xiao is scattered and scattered, and the real grass is life-oriented, like Luo Ji's charming spring, and crane and Hong playing in the marsh, so it is above (Xiao) Ziyun."
The volume of "Shu Duan" lists his official and running scripts as wonderful works, saying that the book "obtains the grand regulations of Daling (Wang Xianzhi), contains the correct colors of the five directions, is graceful and elegant, and has wisdom and courage. Beautiful mountains and dangerous peaks are everywhere. When you are doing grass work, you should especially focus on your work and its twilight teeth, so as to escape."
Confucius Temple Monument
"Shu Shu Fu" says: "Yongxing (Yu Shinan) was beyond the mark, and his writing was like a god, not careless and careless, and not ashamed of the treasures of the world." "Xuanhe" "Shupu" believes that his official script in his later years was preceded by that of Wang Xizhi, and also discussed the phases of Ou and Yu, saying: "Yu contains hardness and softness, while Europe exposes muscles and bones. A gentleman hides his weapons, and Yu is the best." Huang Tingjian of the Song Dynasty wrote a poem praising his representative work "The Temple Stele of Confucius": "The engraving of Yu Shu's temple in Zhenguan was bought with a thousand taels of gold."
Yu Shinan did not choose paper or pen when writing, but he paid great attention to his sitting and standing postures. and wrist movements. He believes that as long as the posture is correct and the wrist is light and weak, even if it is rough paper or a bare pen, you can use it freely and create new ideas. [39]
Not many of Yu Shinan’s works have been preserved in the Yuan Dynasty. Apart from the Tie Zhongzhong, there are handed down handwritings carved in stone and regular script, such as "Confucius Temple Stele" and "On Destroying Evil" , and his cursive scripts include "Princess Runan's Epitaph", "Preface to the Orchid Pavilion", etc. One of the "Three Types of Prefaces to the Orchid Pavilion by the Tang Dynasty" is said to be written by Yu Shinan.
Ideology
Yu Shinan followed Confucianism as a guide and practiced self-cultivation. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty often introduced discussions on classics and history. Every time he discussed the gains and losses of political administration in the past dynasties, there must be rules and regulations, which are of great benefit. Emphasizing the study of classics and history, he believed that there were sages from ancient times. "I urge you to learn and establish your name." If you don't learn, you will "not be known in the world." Advocating Confucius's thought of "being frugal and loving others" advocates a thin burial. It is believed that the emperors in ancient times were buried sparingly because they did not want to honor their relatives. However, the high tombs and ridges filled with treasures and rare objects were actually a burden. The saint thought long and hard and settled for a low burial, which was a long-term solution. Yu Shinan was a Confucian official of his generation and played a certain role in expanding the influence of Confucianism. [40]
Book Collection
When Yu Shinan was Secretary Supervisor, he made full use of the national book collection and edited 160 volumes of "Beitang Shuchao". The Beitang is the back hall of the Secretary Department, hence the name. The book is divided into 19 parts, divided into 852 categories. The content of the 19 parts is very extensive, including the parts of emperors, postscripts, etiquette, clothing, rituals, costumes, etc. It collects a large amount of Confucian materials and plays the role of imparting knowledge and preparing the text for reference. Function, one of the four major categories of books in the Tang Dynasty. He was also commissioned to participate in the compilation of 50 volumes of "Qunshu Zhiyao", which compiled classics and historical records about the rise and fall of the country, starting from ancient times and ending in the Jin Dynasty. He collected 12 kinds of classics, 10 volumes; 8 kinds of history books, 20 volumes; Zi Books, four books, 7 kinds, 20 volumes. There are many rare books from the early Tang Dynasty, and political commentaries by famous scholars such as Huan Tan, Zhong Changtong and others from the previous generation also relied on this book to obtain their outlines. He has a large personal collection of calligraphy and painting works, and also has pictures at home. The collection contains seals such as "Shi Nan" [41].
Yu Shinan's calligraphy
The author of 10 volumes of "Rabbit Garden Collection" and 10 volumes of poetry collections are published in the world. The original collection of poems and essays was in 30 volumes, with a preface by Chu Liang,[42] but it has been lost. "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" compiles one volume of his poems[43], and "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" contains his poems, essays and memorials[39]. During the Republic of China, Zhang Shouyong compiled "Yu Mijian Collection" into 4 volumes and included it in "Siming Series".
Historical evaluation
Feng Deyi: Shiji (Yu Shiji) was executed, Shinan prostrated and asked for his place; Shanxin (Xu Shanxin) died, Jingzong (Xu Jingzong) danced to Survive. [45]
Bust of Yu Shinan
Li Shimin: ① In my spare time, I was discussing ancient and modern times with Yu Shinan, and I made a mistake that made me regretful. I was so sincere. I use Jiayan. If all the ministers are like Shi Nan, why should the world ignore it? [30] ② Shinan is a man who has extraordinary talents and possesses five unique skills. The first is called Zhongyi, the second is called Friendship, the third is called Bowen, the fourth is called Ci Cao, and the fifth is called Shuhan. ③ Yu Shinan is as close to me as one body. Pick up the missing pieces and make up for them, and never forget them. It is a famous minister of our time and has good human ethics. If I make a small mistake, I will offend Yan and reprimand him. Now that the cloud has died, there is no one left in Shiqu and Dongguan. How can I express my regret? [30] ④Yu Shinan, the Minister of Rites and Wen Yigong of Yongxing, was a man of pure virtues, his writing was Ci Zong, he worked hard day and night, and he was committed to loyalty and benefit. [30] ⑤Yu Shinan studied ancient and modern times, acted diligently from beginning to end, was filial, loyal and upright, and achieved many great benefits. [46]⑥ Yu Shinan died, and there is no one who can comment on the book! [47]
Chu Liang: He practices diligently and raises his voice, and his sculptures are unparalleled. It covers hundreds of generations and includes six arts. [48]
Pei Xingjian: Chu Suiliang was not a master of pen and ink, and he did not even know how to calligraphy. The person who excelled in writing without choosing pen and ink is Yu Shinan'er. [49]
Li Sizhen: Yu Shinan Xiao is scattered and scattered, and the real grass is only for life, like Luo Qi's delicate spring, and the phoenix and Hong playing in the marsh, so it is above the clouds.
Wu Jing: Emperor Taizong was very pleased with his words. From time to time, Wei Zheng, Wang Gui, Yu Shinan, Li Daliang, Cen Wenwen, Liu Jie, Ma Zhou, Chu Suiliang, Du Zhenglun, and Gao Jifu came to offer their advice. Occupy an important position. [50]
Bai Juyi: Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Liu Dewei, Zhang Wenguan, and Tang Lin have been ministers of Dali, and Wei Zheng, Yu Shinan, and Yan Shigu have been secretaries and supervisors. It is called today. [51]
Zhang Huaiguan: Bo Shili's practice of grass is wonderful. [52]
Jia Dan: There is a lot of skill in calligraphy in the book, and the style naturally returns to the Dao. Unlike Huai Su who only attacks the top, it is not like Zhang Zhi who only creates grass. The situation is simple, the muscles and bones are old, the father, son, monarch and ministers embrace each other. The solitary green is like the whistling of bamboo, and the broad white is as vast as the wavelength of light. To be able to be upright and not fall down, it is difficult to find the secret before the skill is perfected. It should be noted that the Confucius Temple Monument is the most precious treasure in the green box. [53]
Pei Jing: A person who is known for his academic performance and literary skills, he is the secret supervisor of Yu.
Liu Yu: ①Yu Yongxing followed Jiande, Li Anping followed Gong Er, and Chu Yang and Zhai followed Xue Ju. If you are very thirsty, you can't choose a spring to drink, and you can't choose shade to rest your ears in the severe heat. It's not impossible. Know where he drinks and rests. When Emperor Wen unveiled the Three Stars and set fire to the world, all the sages gathered in the mist, and people worshiped them, they were able to leap over the Tianchi Lake, and they were good at selling spring mountains, and they became the most precious treasure of a generation, so the entrusted power was different. The palm of Sui Dynasty is held tightly, and it is normal! Er Yu Kunzhong's articles were famous in the Sui and Tang Dynasties; Chu Henan and his son's admonitions and rules were exchanged between Zhenguan and Yonghui. There are so-called generations, but the three families are particularly prosperous. [30] ② Yi and Emperor Wen clean up Cang Hao. Eighteen literary stars shine continuously. The pens of Yu and Chu are as moving as if they were divine. Anping is everything, old but new again. [30]
Song Qi: The text is talented, the world is full of wisdom, the theory of hundreds of medicines, the sophistication of Liang and Silian, and the rhetoric of Defen are all the brilliance of the world, and they were passed down in the Sui Dynasty. , bright in the Tang Dynasty, why? It is not necessary to build the world without virtuous people, so as not to perish; it is not necessary to have many virtuous people, so that they can be used and prospered. [4]
Cen Zong said: Shinan devoted himself to Xi's work, which is as great as Yanzi's sub-sage. [54]
Sima Guang: Shinan is gentle on the outside but loyal and upright on the inside. It has been said that Shinan has five unique qualities: one is virtue, two is loyalty and uprightness, three is erudition, four is diction, and five is good at writing. [55]
Zeng Gong: When he was in charge of Fang and Du, he was responsible for Sun Wuji and Cen Wenwen, the chief minister of admonishment and criticism, Wei Zhenggong and Wang Gui, and Zhen Gangwei for Dai Zhou and Liu. Well, if you uphold the constitution, then Zhang Yuanyou and Sun Fuga will do it; if you use military conquest, then Li Ji and Li Jing will do it; if you maintain the people and protect the land, then Li Daliang. The rest were ministers and ministers, each doing their own thing. Among them, there were countless disciples such as Ma Zhou, Wen Yanbo, Du Zhenglun, Zhang Xingcheng, Li Gang, Yu Shinan, and Chu Suiliang. [56]
Yu Shinan
Mi Fu: Yu Shinan is like a Taoist priest who studied Xiuliang. Although his mind is clear, his energy is exhausted. [57]
Hong Mai: Her husband Taizong’s dream of Shinan was due to the sincerity between the monarch and his ministers. [58]
Gao Peng: Yu's supervisor was the wild king, and he admired Xu and Yu. In the year of Tiao Mao, the graceful silk tapestry is already in bloom; the beauty of Kun Yu is rich in algae. Although the Sui Emperor was jealous of others and lived in the dynasty of Zhenguan and Rui Sage, his love for the beginning was good, he lived in a troubled country, and he had the reputation of being ethical. He was listed as a famous minister, and he was handsome and beautiful in the two continents. Don't you believe what he said? In the Sui Dynasty, his poems were free of exaggeration and his inspiration was far away; in the Tang Dynasty, his poems were full of thoughtfulness and elegance. The so-called harmony and beauty, the existence of the four virtues, and the sound of governing the world are those that have been developed by the ancestors. It's like "a bird flies across the sky, shining on the water and hundreds of flowers are burning", "bamboo blooms green after frost, and plum blossoms are fragrant before snow", which are naturally beautiful and not bothersome to cut. Also, "Changchun Palace Ying Ling" says, "The people are in trouble, so they ask for help." "Jiang Yingzhao" says, "If you follow the imperial edict, you will come to Su." They regard the rules of the palace and follow the rules of elegance and integrity. The thoughts of Shiqu and Dongguan are not holy masters, so how can they be promoted to the next generation? [59]
Fengfang: Biography of ancient people says: "Double hooks hang on the wrists, let the left side go to the right, the empty palm points to the real point, the intention is before the stroke and behind the stroke." On the calligraphy potential, it says: "Like a leak in a house The marks are like wall bumps, like cone drawing sand, like sealing mud, like breaking hairpin strands. "Since the time of Zhong and Wang, those who know this secret... In the Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xinben, Yu Boshi, Chu Dengshan, Xue Chuntuo and Xue Sitong. , Sun Guoting, Zhong Shaojing, Jia Yingfu, Li Taihe, He Jizhen, Li Taibai, Zhang Bogao, Du Zimei, Yan Qingchen, Liu Chengxuan, Qian Zangzhen, Zhang Congshen... Although they are different, they all have their own methods. Meng Lang. [60]
Xu Xueyi: During the Wude and Zhenguan periods, Taizong, Yu Shinan, and Wei Zheng all spoke five words, all of which were in the rhythm, and the words were many and extravagant, which is the ancient custom of Liang and Zhenguan... According to "Tang Shu" ": "Shi Nan's articles are elegant and elegant, and I admire Xu Ling. Taizong tried to compose palace-style poems to make Geng harmonious. Shi Nanmen: 'The holy work is sincere, but the style is not elegant and upright. I am afraid that once this poem is spread, it will become popular all over the world. He also received an imperial edict. The emperor said: "I will test your ears." The later emperor composed a poem describing the rise and fall of ancient times. ? "I ordered Chu Suiliang to burn his soul." Looking at the world's southern poetry, it is still unavoidable. Why? Although Gaishinan knew that the coquettish language of the palace was not correct, the drawbacks of extravagance followed the old habits of the Chen and Sui Dynasties, but he did not know it. Moreover, Shinan admires Xu Ling and calls him elegant and upright. Is this good? Chapters such as "Coming out of the fortress", "Joining the army", "Drinking horses", "Making guests" and Wei Zheng's "Coming out of the pass" are slightly more powerful and comparable to the works of Wang Bao and Xue Daoheng. This is the beginning of the Tang Dynasty sound. [61]
Chu Ren was awarded: Bachelor Yu Shinan is the most famous scholar in literature. [62]
Cao Shude: Youjun Gongshu was deified, and his direct sect inherited Yu Yongxing. It is strong and graceful on the inside, and the natural ink is beyond the crowd. I play with it over and over again and can't bear to let it go. I put it in a corner and forget about the morning and evening. If it is connected with the Tao, the teaching will be free of the vulgar atmosphere. ...Only the secret supervisor is good at many things, just like a gentleman who is good at hiding weapons. But when it comes to practicing grass, he also prefers work, and his gains in his later years are more profound. The cocoon paper in Orchid Pavilion is empty and empty, and it can be traced. In recent times, the style of popular calligraphy has been particularly weak, and charm has only become a haiku style. Even if the spirit of workmanship is lost in copying, there will be no difference with dead branches and broken stems. Calligraphy has been changing with the world, and those who know it are worried about it. [63]
Anecdotes and allusions
Asking for the throne with one’s own body
During the Jiangdu Incident, Yu Wenhuaji rebelled and killed the emperor, and the history of Yu Shinan’s brother Yu Shiji’s tenure was The minister was also about to be killed. Yu Shinan held Yu Shiji in his arms and howled in pain, requesting that he be allowed to die in his brother's place. Yu Wenhuaji disagreed [65]. As a result, Yu Shinan became so sad that he became extremely thin and emaciated, and everyone at that time was shocked. Praise him. [66] At that time, Xu Jingzong’s father Xu Shanxin was also killed by Yu Wenhuaji. When he was granted the title of Deyi, he was a member of the Neishishe family. He fully saw the situation at that time and later told people: "Yu Shiji was killed, and Yu Shinan lay prone on the ground. He asked to die for his brother, Xu Shanxin was executed, and Xu Jingzong danced to survive." People at the time used this as a saying.
[67]
Full-length portrait of Yu Shinan
Monarchs and ministers dreaming of each other
A few years after Yu Shinan's death, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty once dreamed of Yu Shinan at night, as if he had always dreamed of him. The next day, Taizong issued an order: "Yu Shinan, the Minister of Rites and Wen Yigong of Yongxing, was honest and complete in virtue, and a master of poetry in his articles. He worked hard morning and night, aiming at loyalty and benefit. He died suddenly, and a few years passed in the blink of an eye. Last night, he had a dream. , I suddenly saw him and gave him a frank admonishment. I recalled the virtues he had left behind, and I lamented that I should provide money to express my nostalgia and set up five hundred monks' houses in his house. And built a statue of Tianzun for him. "[68]
Bo Wen Qiang Ji
Tang Taizong once ordered Yu Shinan to write "Biography of Lienu" to be used for screens. There was no original copy at that time. Yu Shinan silently remembered that there was not a single word wrong when he wrote it. [69]
Yu Shinan
When Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was traveling, an official asked for instructions to load copies of books and official documents into the car and take them with him. Taizong said: "With Yu Shinan here, he is the secretary for this trip." After Taizong heard about Yu Shinan's death, he cried sadly and said: "No one can compare with Yu Shinan in the collection and writing of books in the palace!" [70 ]
Bo Ya Ziqi
Tang Taizong once composed a palace poem and asked Yu Shinan to sing it. Yu Shinan said: "The holy work is neat and neat, but the content is not elegant and correct. Your Majesty likes it." , The ministers and people below will definitely follow it and even go beyond it. I am afraid that once this poem is spread, people in the world will follow it, so I dare not obey your order." Taizong said, "I am just testing you." He has fifty pieces of cloth. [71]
Yu Shinan
After Yu Shinan passed away, Taizong once wrote a poem for him, tracing the rise and fall of ancient times, and then lamented: "Zhong Ziqi died, Boya did not Play the harp again. Who will I show this poem to?" He ordered Chu Suiliang to take the poem to Yu Shinan's spiritual tent and burn it after reading it, hoping that his spirit would be able to perceive it. [72]
Possessing five talents
Li Shimin once praised Yu Shinan for having extraordinary talents and possessing five talents:
Zhongyi (loyalty and integrity)
Youti (being able to be friendly with brothers)
Bowen (proficient in ancient literature)
Ci Cao (poetry)
Shuhan (composing books) )[73]
Interpersonal relationships
Father and ancestors
Grandfather: Yu Jian, consulted by King Shixing of Nanliang. [5]
Biological father: Yu Li, a concubine from official to crown prince, a great author and the great Zhongzheng of Dongyang and Yangzhou. After his death, he was given the posthumous title "De" as a gift to his attendants. [5]
Stepfather: Yu Ji, Yu Shinan’s uncle, adopted Yu Shinan as his son because he had no children. Official to Zhongshu Shilang. [5]
Brothers and sisters
Yu Shiji, during the reign of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, he was the Minister of Internal Affairs and Doctor Jin Ziguanglu. [5]
The Yu family married Lu. One son is Lu Jianzhi, a calligrapher in the early Tang Dynasty; the other son is the grandfather of Zhang Xu, the "Grass Saint".
Children
Yu Chang, an official to the Minister of Industry. [74]
Yu Xiuyao married Shi Xiaojian (grandson of Xiao Kui, Shizong of the Later Liang Dynasty), the governor of Xingyouwei Prefecture, Yilang of the Later Liang Dynasty. [75]
Commemoration for later generations
After Yu Shinan's death, his former residence in Minghe Town, Cixi was converted into Dingshui Temple. There is a portrait of Yu Shinan in the temple. His descendants moved to Chang'an. According to the "Cixi County Chronicle": Yu Shinan's former residence is located in Dingshui Temple in the north of Minghe Jiejia Natural Village, about 350 meters away from the tomb of Yue Guogong Yuan Shao, bordering Lidu Lake to the east, Qinglong Mountain to the west, and Baihu Mountain to the north. The area is about 3000 square meters.
Index of Historical Materials
"Old Book of Tang·Volume 72·Biography 22"[30]
"New Book of Tang·Volume 100" 2. Biography Twenty-seven"[4]
"Zi Zhi Tong Jian·Volume 182 Sui Ji Six"
"Zi Zhi Tong Jian·Volume Chapter 185·Tang Ji 1"
"Zizhi Tongjian·Volume 187·Tang Ji 3"
"Zi Zhi Tongjian·Volume 1 "One Hundred and Eighty-Nine·Tang Ji Five"
"Zizhi Tongjian·Volume 191·Tang Ji Seven"
"Zi Zhi Tongjian·Volume One" "One Hundred and Ninety-Two·Tang Ji Eight"
"Zi Zhi Tong Jian·Volume 194·Tang Ji Ten"
"Zi Zhi Tong Jian·Volume One One Hundred and Ninety-Five·Tang Ji Eleven"
Correction
Reference Materials
[1] "Old Tang Book·Volume 72·Biography No. Twenty-Two": Yu Shinan, courtesy name Bo Shi, was born in Yuyao, Yuezhou, and was the younger brother of Shiji, the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Sui Dynasty.
[2] "Posthumous Fa Kao" says: The latitude and longitude of heaven and earth are called Wen; the moral integrity is said to be Wen; the diligent study and inquiring are called Wen; the kindness and love for the people are called Wen; the people's kindness and etiquette are said to be Wen; the title of Ximin is called Wen. arts. The gentle, holy and kind person is called Yi.
[3] "Tang Huiyao·Volume 45·Heroes". Chinese Studies Navigation [cited date 2014-11-26]
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The content is contributed by netizens, edited, created, modified and certified All free | Details Yu Shinan (558-July 11, 638), courtesy name Boshi, Han nationality, was born in Yuyao, Yuezhou (now Minghechang, Guanhaiwei Town, Cixi City, Zhejiang Province). The son of the concubine Yu Li, the crown prince of the Chen Dynasty, and the younger brother of Yu Shiji, the minister of internal history of the Sui Dynasty. He was a calligrapher, writer, poet and politician from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and one of the twenty-four heroes of Lingyan Pavilion. [1]
Yu Shinan was quiet by nature, persistent and eager to learn. He served as an official in the Chen and Sui dynasties, serving as a secretary and living room official. After the fall of the Sui Dynasty, he was appointed as the Minister of Huangmen by Dou Jiande. After Li Shimin destroyed Dou Jiande, he introduced Yu Shinan to join the army in the Prince's Palace of Qin, join the army in the Record Office, and become a bachelor of Hongwen Hall. Together with Fang Xuanling and other officials, he was appointed Wenhan as one of the "Eighteen Bachelors". During the Zhenguan period, he successively held the posts of author, secretary, young eunuch, secretary eunuch, etc., and was granted the title of Son of Yongxing County and Duke of Yongxing County successively. He was later known as "Yu Yongxing, Yu Secret Supervisor". Although he looks timid and weak, he has a strong temperament and is outspoken and dares to give advice. He is deeply respected by Li Shimin and is known as the five talents of "virtue, loyalty, erudition, literary poetry, and calligraphy". In the twelfth year of Zhenguan (638), Yu Shinan died at the age of eighty-one. He was given the title of Minister of Rites and given the posthumous title "Wen Yi"[2], and was buried with him in Zhaoling. In the 17th year of Zhenguan (643), the portrait of Lingyan Pavilion was painted. [3]
Yu Shinan was good at calligraphy, and together with Ouyang Xun, Chu Suiliang and Xue Ji, he was known as the "Four Great Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty". Japanese academic circles call Ouyang Xun, Chu Suiliang, and Yu Shinan the "Three Great Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty". The "Beitang Shuchao" compiled by him is known as one of the four major types of books in the Tang Dynasty and one of the earliest existing types of books in China. The original collection of poems and essays consisted of thirty volumes, but the entire collection has been lost. During the Republic of China, Zhang Shouyong compiled "Yu Mi Jian Collection" into four volumes.
Real name
Yu Shinan
Alias
Yu Wenyi, Yu Yongxing, Yu Mijian
Words
Bo Shi
Era
Northern and Southern Dynasties→Sui Dynasty→Tang Dynasty
Nationalities
Han Nationality
Character Relationships
Yu Ji
Stepfather
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Anecdotes that mainly influence historical evaluation Accidents, Allusions, Interpersonal Relationships, Future Commemorations, Historical Materials Index
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Yu Shinan’s grandfather, Yu Jian, served as a councilor to King Shixing in the Liang Dynasty; his father, Yu Li, the concubine among the princes of the Chen Dynasty, had a high reputation. Yu Shinan's uncle, Yu Ji, served as an official in the Chen Dynasty and became the Minister of Zhongshu. Since he had no heirs, Yu Shinan adopted Yu Ji as his son, so he took the courtesy name Bo Shi. [5]
Portrait of Yu Shinan
Yu Shinan was quiet by nature, determined and studied hard. When he was young, he and his elder brother Yu Shiji studied under the famous writer Gu Yewang and received education. For more than ten years, he worked hard and thought unremittingly, sometimes not washing his face or combing his hair for more than ten days. He was good at writing articles and had learned from the famous writer Xu Ling. Xu Ling also believed that Yu Shinan had obtained his true essence. The monk Zhiyong from the same county as him was the seventh generation grandson of Wang Xizhi and was good at calligraphy. Yu Shinan worshiped Zhiyong as his teacher and learned the true transmission of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, which made his reputation even greater. [6]
Observe etiquette
In the second year of Emperor Chen Wen’s Tianjia reign (561), Yu Shinan’s father Yu Li passed away[7]. At that time, Yu Shinan was still young and became too thin due to sorrow. He was so damaged that he could hardly bear mourning clothes. Emperor Chen Wen knew that Yuli's two sons were knowledgeable and often sent envoys from the palace to their homes to support and protect them.
At the end of the mourning period, Yu Shinan was summoned to join the army as King Facao of Jian'an. His uncle Yu Ji was captured by Chen Baoying, the prefect of Jin'an, and was far away in Fujian and Vietnam. Although Yu Shinan had removed his mourning clothes, he still lived in civilian clothes and lived on a vegetarian diet. In the fifth year of Tianjia (564), Chen Baoying was defeated and Yu Ji survived, so Yu Shinan was ordered to take off his clothes and eat meat. [8]
Er Yu entered the capital
In the first year of Emperor Zhide (583), Empress Chen was dismissed from the post of King You of Xiyang. In the ninth year of Kaihuang (589), after the fall of the Chen Dynasty, Yu Shinan and Yu Shiji went to Chang'an, the capital of the Sui Dynasty. Both brothers were famous for a while. People at the time compared them to Lu Ji and his younger brother Lu Yun in the Western Jin Dynasty. At that time, Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty was still the king of Jin. Hearing about their reputation, Yang Guang sent the documents summoned by King Yang Jun of Qin together. Yu Shinan firmly refused on the pretext of his mother's old age, and Yang Guang ordered the envoy to chase them. [9]
In the first year of Daye (605), Yu Shinan was successively awarded the title of Secretary Lang and promoted to the rank of Living Room Master. Together with Yu Chuo and Yu Zizhi, he wrote "Changzhou Jade Mirror" [10]. In the same year, he was in mourning because of his mother's death. [11] At that time, Yu Shiji was very prominent in the dynasty, and his wife imitated the king's clothes. Although Yu Shinan lived with them, he was poor and frugal and did not change his temperament. [12]
After the Jiangdu Incident, Yu Shinan followed Yu Wenhua to Liaocheng. In the second year of Wude (619), Yu Wenhuaji was defeated and beheaded[13], and Yu Shinan was captured by Dou Jiande, who appointed him as the Huangmen Minister. [14][15]
Strong and dare to remonstrate
In the fourth year of Wude (621), after Qin King Li Shimin destroyed Dou Jiande, Yu Shinan was appointed to join the army in the Qin Palace, and was soon transferred to Ji Shimin joined the army. In October, Li Shimin was named General Tiance and established a literature hall. Yu Shinan was awarded a bachelor's degree in Hongwen Guan. Together with Fang Xuanling, he was in charge of imperial edicts and Wenhan was one of the "Eighteen Bachelors". [16][17]
Liu Songnian's "Illustration of Eighteen Scholars"
In the fifth year of Wude (622), he and Pei Ju wrote "The Book of Auspicious Books" [18].
In June of the ninth year of Wude (626), after Li Shimin was officially named the crown prince, Yu Shinan was promoted to the title of Prince Zhongsheren. [19][20]
In August of the same year, Li Shimin came to the throne, and Yu Shinan was transferred to the position of Zuo Lang and bachelor of Hongwen Museum. At that time, Yu Shinan was already old and asked to resign. Emperor Taizong refused and promoted him to the title of Prince You Shuzi. Yu Shinan firmly refused and was awarded the title of Secretary Shaojian. [21]
In the fifth year of Zhenguan (631), he participated in the compilation of "Qunshu Zhengyao".
[22]
In July of the sixth year of Zhenguan (632), Yu Shinan submitted an article "On Holy Virtue", Taipei