Zhao Gao is a civil servant. Because of his ability and legal knowledge, he was promoted to CZ government by Qin Wangzheng. In the thirty-seventh year of the first emperor (2 10 BC), Zhao Gao and Hu Hai traveled with Qin Shihuang and returned to Tianjin Plain. When the first emperor was dying, he gave the imperial edict to his eldest son, Fu Su, and ordered him to hand over the relieving to Meng Tian and return to Xianyang to preside over the funeral.
Zhao Gao was careful that the Montessori brothers were not good to him, so he conspired with Hu Hai and Reese, secretly refused to send out obituaries, made a false testament of the first emperor, made Hu Hai a prince, and gave Fu Su and Meng Tian the death penalty. Hu Hai also went to Xianyang and became Emperor II. As a doctor, Zhao Gao often lives in the palace to participate in decision-making.
He instructed Hu Hai to reform the law and slaughter the imperial clan and ministers. The grandchildren who disobeyed Qin Ershi's will were handed over to Zhao Gao for trial and treatment.
Zhao Gao was afraid that the minister would report that he was playing in the imperial court, and advised II to stay in the Forbidden City and not to appear before the minister, so as to further specialize in state affairs. Later, after he forced Hu Hai to commit suicide, he made Zi Ying emperor. Unexpectedly, after Zi Ying acceded to the throne, he killed Zhao Gao and even killed his three families.
2. The reading answer of "Calling a Deer a Horse" is 1. The word "referring to a deer as a horse" comes from Historical Records of Qin Shihuang. According to legend, Zhao Gao tried to usurp the throne. In order to test which ministers in the imperial court obeyed his wishes, he specially gave Qin Ershi a deer and said it was a horse. Qin Ershi didn't believe it, so Zhao Gao made excuses to the ministers. The minister who dared not oppose Zhao Gaoyi said it was a horse, and the minister who dared to oppose Zhao Gaoyi said it was a deer. Later, he said that he was a deer minister and was killed by Zhao Gao by various means. The story of referring to a deer as a horse has spread to this day, and people use it to describe a person's right or wrong, reversing black and white.
In order to test the attitude of ministers to his usurpation of the throne, one day at the court meeting, Zhao Gao brought a deer to see II and said it was a horse. I thought Zhao Gao was joking, so I asked the ministers. Ministers were * * * of Zhao Gao, some said horses, some said silence, and some said deer. Directed a famous ugly play in history, Calling a Deer a Horse. Afterwards, Zhao Gao killed all the ministers who said deer. Since then, Zhao Gao's tricks of turning deer into horses and reversing black and white have emerged one after another. When the peasant uprising had seriously endangered the rule of the Qin Dynasty, Qin Ershi, who was politically idle, realized this and was dissatisfied with the long-term dictatorship of Zhao Gao. Zhao Gao was afraid that II would investigate his fault, so he decided to strike first, used the power inside and outside the palace, sent cronies to force Qin Ershi to commit suicide, and then manipulated the political situation, making Qin Ershi's son Gongziying the king of Qin. Aware of Zhao Gao's sinister intentions, Qin, after careful planning, encouraged him to go to the sealed ancestral temple in Zhao Gao, and let his men who had already ambushed kill Zhao Gao with their swords, thus ending Zhao Gao's sinful life. Finally, Zhao Gao himself died of natural causes.
3. Read the following paragraph in classical Chinese and complete the following questions: 20. A2 1.C22.D23. (1) On this day, if Fan Kuai hadn't broken into the camp and blamed Xiang Yu, Pei Gong's career would have been almost finished.
("micro" 1 minute, "almost" 1 minute) 2 How magnificent it was when your majesty and several of us set out to pacify the world! (After the sentence 1 min, "Heqi" 1 min) 24. Hou Fan Peiren of Wuyang also regarded killing dogs as a matter. Test analysis: this question examines the content words in classical Chinese. Item b should be "don't"; Item C should be "shielding like a screen" and item D should be "garrison".
Know the meaning and usage of common notional words in classical Chinese. The ability level is understanding B.
Skills For the content words in classical Chinese, candidates should pay attention to the fact that the test paper does not memorize to assess the meaning, but focuses on the whole article and feels according to the meaning. And pay more attention to those content words that appear frequently in classical Chinese and are often involved in teaching materials.
Finally, it is necessary to combine contextual judgment, rather than a simple "dictionary" interpretation. In terms of methods, it is necessary to accumulate typical sentences and establish a knowledge base; Defined by text and interpreted in context; Grammatical analysis, inferring the meaning of words according to components.
2 1. Test analysis: This question examines the screening ability. Item C, the first sentence introduces that Fan Kuai attacked Hu Ling and Yu Fang with Liu Bang; 6. Every sentence is the earnest attitude of Fan Kuai and others to persuade Liu Bang.
The information in the text is filtered according to the location of the test center. The ability level is C.
Error-prone early warning classical Chinese information screening topics are mostly text analysis. When answering questions, pay attention to the nature of "who", whether there are words such as "direct expression" and "indirect expression" ("all explanations" in this question), and pay attention to the use of exclusion to answer. The title of this topic is "The brave are fearless", and then the listed sentences are analyzed to introduce that Fan Kuai and Liu Bang attacked Hu Ling and Yu Fang together. 6. The sentence is the earnest attitude of Fan Kuai and others to persuade Liu Bang; Rule out these three items and you will naturally have the answer.
22. Test analysis: This question examines students' understanding of the text. Item D "Make yourself famous through your own efforts" is incorrect, because in the original text "Do you know that you are attached to a ponytail" means "You can be famous without knowing that you can be attached to others".
There is no "expressing implicit criticism". The location of the test center summarizes the main points of the content and the central meaning.
The ability level is analysis and synthesis C. This topic is a summary of the content of the article.
The methods to solve this kind of problem are as follows: ① Grasp the stem of the problem and read correctly. When reading the topic, you must read it completely and accurately, and don't skim it.
The so-called complete reading refers to the analysis of all the requirements in the stem of the question without omission and truthfully; The so-called accurate reading is to accurately grasp the requirements put forward by the stem and see whether it is right or wrong, whether it is to summarize the content or analyze the point of view. Only by comprehensive and accurate analysis and understanding of the question can we answer the question accurately.
(2) Put back the original and check whether it is right or wrong. Especially in the aspects of time, place, official position, characters' behavior, actual effect, etc., we should carefully check the words and phrases of the original text, fully understand and analyze them comprehensively. The difference between them is the key to grasp the full text.
For example, in item D of this question, the content is divided into "own efforts" and the option involves "China Famous Court". Candidates should find the corresponding position in the text, and then compare it with the options to find that there is no such thing as "self". 23. Test analysis: When translating, look for nouns first, and then find special sentences and fixed sentences.
The first sentence, "micro", no, no; "Almost", do. The second sentence, after the appearance, the troops were formed one after another; "How", how.
The test center locates, understands and translates the sentences in the text. The ability level is understanding B.
Content words in classical Chinese, like content words in modern Chinese, have real meaning and can be used as sentence components alone. Content words include nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, quantifiers and pronouns. There are a large number of notional words in classical Chinese, and mastering more notional words in classical Chinese is the key to improve the reading ability of classical Chinese.
When learning the notional words in classical Chinese, we should pay special attention to its three main features in grammar: one is polysemy, the other is the ancient and modern changes in the meaning of words, and the third is the flexible use of parts of speech. 24. Test analysis: This question examines the ability of sentence breaking in classical Chinese.
According to the sentence pattern of judgment, "... people, ... also" can be disconnected in these two places. The last sentence can be judged from "take … when".
The location of the test center requires all or part of a paragraph of extra-curricular classical Chinese sentence breaking, and the ability level is the crowning touch of teacher B's classical Chinese sentence breaking, which is traditionally called "sentence reading". Distinguishing between sentences and reading is the most basic ability to read ancient Chinese.
When we encounter a broken sentence, don't rush to answer the question. Read the full text first, understand the meaning and analyze the plot. After that, according to the content or level, what can be broken should be broken first, pay attention to the function words at the end of the first sentence-"zhi", "ye" and "ze", then concentrate on analyzing the difficulties and infer from the context.
We should follow the principle of easy before difficult. It is not easy to punctuate classical Chinese correctly. In addition to following the basic requirements of punctuation in classical Chinese and using appropriate methods, we should also have rich knowledge of classical Chinese, and at the same time, we should read more ancient books and practice frequently to gradually make punctuation correct.
Fan Kuai, Hou of Wuyang, was born in Pei County. He lives by killing dogs and selling dog meat. He used to hide in the country with Emperor Gaozu. At the beginning, I followed Gaozu in Fengxian and captured Pei County.
High-impedance became Pei Gong, so he took Fan Kuai as Mr. Scheeren. Then, he followed Pei Gong to attack Hu Ling and Yu Fang, and came back to defend Fengxian, where he defeated the army led by the Surabaya county governor.
Xiang Yu is preparing to attack Pei Gong in the garrison scene. Pei Gong led 100 cavalry to Xiang Ying, and got to know Xiang Yu through the relationship with Xiang Bo. Xiang Yu gave a banquet to reward the soldiers in the army. When he was drunk, his father, Fan Zeng, wanted to murder Pei Gong, and ordered Xiangzhuang to dance his sword at the table, hoping to seize the opportunity to kill him, but Xiang Bo repeatedly stood in front of him like a screen.
At that time, only Pei Gong and Sean were at the banquet, and Fan Kuai was outside the camp. When he heard that it was urgent, he came to the camp with an iron shield. The soldiers stopped Fan Kuai, and Fan Kuai went straight in and set up his tent.
Xiang Yu stared at him and asked who he was. Sean said: "He is a participant of Pei Gong in Fan Kuai."
Xiang Yu praised: "What a brave man!" Give him a big bowl of wine and a pig's front leg. Fan Kuai drank the wine, then drew his sword, cut open the leg of the pig and ate it all.
Xiang Yu asked him, "Can you still drink?" Fan Kuai said, "I will not refuse to die.