Year: Tang Dynasty
Release date: 198 1 apr.13rd.
Tongfengshan is located in Chun 'an County, about 75 kilometers away from Pailing Town, the county seat. It was discovered in the first half of 19765438 and in February of 197 1 year by workers in the preparatory office of Tongshan iron mine in this county during prospecting.
Located in Tongshan tin-iron mine area, Fengshuling Town. There are 4 old mine holes, including potholes, grasshopper boards, nails and wooden wheels. Generally, mines are mined along the vein, and copper deposits are abundant and of high quality. The slag accumulation range is about 3 square meters, and the section is 4-5 meters thick. On the cliff stone wall of Dongkou Mountain, there is a cliff stone carved in regular script, which reads: "Copper was mined in the mountain in the eighth year of Tang Tianbao (749), and in July of the first year (759), and then in October and February of the tenth year of Dali (775), and continued to Yuan and Si □(809)." The bottom of the text is 1.30m from the surface, and the direction is south-east 16.4 degrees.
Liangzhu Site (National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit)
Year: Neolithic Age
Release date:1996165438+1October 20th.
Liangzhu Site, located in Yuhang County and Deqing County, Zhejiang Province, east of China, is a group of cultural sites in the late Neolithic period, about 3300 BC to 2000 BC.
Liangzhu site was discovered in 1936, and has been excavated intermittently since then. The site covers a total area of about 34 square kilometers, with a wide range and rich connotations, and is distributed in more than 50 places centered on the Jiaomoshan site. Among them, the Anti-Mountain Mausoleum, Yaoshan Altar and Jiaomo Mountain Earth Pyramid are the most important. There are dense villages, cemeteries, altars and other relics in the ruins group, and a large number of exquisite jade ritual vessels are the most distinctive unearthed objects. The discovery of these relics shows that Liangzhu cultural relics group has become one of the regions with the largest scale and level in confirming the history of Chinese civilization for 5,000 years.
Liangzhu site is the naming place of Liangzhu culture, and its discovery has important academic value for studying the origin of civilization in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
3 small ancient city ruins (provincial cultural relics protection units)
Year: Neolithic Age
Release date:1August 29, 997.
Located 200 meters southwest of Yujiayan Village, Panban Town, Yuhang District, Hangzhou. It is a large-scale earth platform built artificially, with an area of about 350,000 square meters, which is 2-3 meters higher than cultivated land. The collected cultural relics include the red pottery sand pot, cow nose ear and sand pottery cylindrical tripod of Majiabang culture; Liangzhu culture has T-shaped feet, sand and black pottery; Fin-shaped tripod, bean handle, black clay pot, plate, a stone shovel, a big stone plow, a stone shovel, etc. In Shang and Zhou Dynasties, there were relief pottery-bottomed pots and duck-shaped pots, as well as stone knives, Shi Ge, Shi Mao and stone clocks.
4. Mao Wanli Kiln Site (National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit)
Year: Zhouzhi Warring States Period
Date of publication: May 25, 2006
Located 600 meters north of Datang Village, Jinhua Town, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou. The area is about 20,000 square meters. The stacking thickness is1.5m. The collected pottery pieces include printed hard pottery pots and altars. Most tires are purplish brown and reddish brown, which are difficult to sinter. They are decorated with rice characters, squares, squares and Yun Leiwen. The original celadon pieces were plates, cups and bowls. The tire is gray and pale, with green and yellow glaze, and the insole is mostly spiral.
5 Kuahuqiao Site (National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit)
Year: Neolithic Age, Chengxiang Street, Xiaoshan District
Date of publication: May 25, 2006
The site has an original area of tens of thousands of square meters and has been excavated 1030 square meters. The site is 2-3 meters thick, rich in cultural connotation and unique in appearance. Carbon 14 dating is 7000-8000 years ago. Unearthed cultural relics include pottery, stone tools, bones and wood products, and organic cultural relics are well preserved. Pots, beans, pots, bowls, retort and jars are common pottery groups with unique shapes and many painted pottery, which can be divided into two types: internal color and external color. More than a thousand cultivated grains of rice were found, and canoes 7,500 years ago were unearthed.
The cultural connotation of the site across the lake bridge is different from Hemudu culture and Majiabang culture, and it is a new cultural type. The unearthed cultivated rice advanced the history of cultivated rice in Zhejiang by 1000 years. The canoe unearthed is by far the earliest in China. The excavation of Kuahuqiao site is a breakthrough in Neolithic archaeology in our province, which is of great value to the study of early Neolithic culture in Zhejiang Province.
6. Yuewangcheng Site (provincial cultural relics protection unit)
Year: Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period
Release date:1989 65438+February 65438+February.
Located in Chengshantou, 700 meters northwest of Hu Xiang Village, Chengxiang Town, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou. 199 1 year trial excavation. The site is located at the top of the mountain, with the middle low and the surrounding high. The high place is a manually rammed city wall, which is in the shape of a horizontal gourd with a circumference of 109 1 m. Covering an area of about 36,000 square meters, the city wall is gentle outside and steep inside, with high platforms at the four corners. There are springs and pools in the city. It belongs to the military castle where the State of Yue stationed troops to resist the State of Wu during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
Shamaoshan kiln site (provincial cultural relics protection unit)
Year: Jinhua Town, Xiaoshan District during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period
Release date: March 2005 16.
It is the kiln site where printed pottery and primitive porcelain were fired together during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The kiln site is rich in cultural accumulation and rich in product types. The main shapes are bowls, cans, urns and so on. Burning has a long history and a wide distribution range. The co-firing of relief pottery and primitive porcelain is a major cultural feature of the cultural relics of Vietnamese ancestors. Such a huge firing center for printed pottery and primitive porcelain is unique in China, which has important historical value for studying the social and economic development of Vietnam during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
Relief pottery and primitive porcelain are in an important stage of transition from pottery to porcelain. It is the production technology that has important research value and significance for the origin and invention of porcelain, and occupies a vital position in the history of China ceramics, laying a solid foundation for the emergence of mature celadon in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
8. Lin 'an City Site (National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit)
Year: Southern Song Dynasty
Release date: June 25th, 2006, 5438+0.
The site of Lin 'an City is located in Fenghuang Mountain in the south of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. It was built in the third year of Jian Yan, Emperor Zhao Gou of the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 129).
The site of the ancient city of Lin 'an is square with a total area of about 10000 square meters. It consists of a large rammed earth abutment, a stone fence and a gate site. There are three gates, and there are temples, halls and buildings in the city. There are more than 130 pavilions, and the main palace area is buried 3 meters below the surface, and the foundation site is quite well preserved.
The site of Lin 'an City is of great significance for studying the politics, economy and culture of the Southern Song Dynasty, studying the layout of the imperial city in the Southern Song Dynasty and discussing the development and changes of the ancient capital system in China.
9 suburban Tanxia and Laohudong kiln sites (national key cultural relics protection units)
Year: Song Zhiyuan
Date of publication: May 25, 2006
Jiaotan Xia Yao Site is located at the west foot of Wugui Mountain at the south foot of Huang Yu, Hangzhou, and was discovered in the 1920s. During the period of 1956, the Zhejiang Cultural Management Association carried out the first partial excavation in the south of the site, cleaned up a Longyao kiln, and excavated some porcelain pieces piled up beside the kiln. 198565438+1October-198665438+1October, the archaeological team of Lin 'an officially excavated the kiln site, and in the winter of 1988, the construction of the Southern Song Dynasty Imperial Kiln Museum was excavated. The excavation area is *** 1400 square meters, and a kiln site and a workshop site are found, including three house foundations, a mud pool, two pulley pits, two glaze pots, a storage pit, a plain burning furnace, the remains of plain burning green piles, drainage ditches and roads. More than 30,000 pieces of porcelain and thousands of kiln furniture were unearthed.
The site of Tiger Cave Kiln is located at the northern foot of Phoenix Mountain in Hangzhou, less than 100 meters away from the northern wall of the Southern Song Dynasty Imperial City, and about 2.5 kilometers away from the site of Jiaotan Xia Yao in the southwest. In the same year, it was discovered in 1996 and 1 1. Hangzhou Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology conducted a one-month archaeological investigation and found two kiln sites and workshop sites, 1998 and 1999. Two large-scale archaeological excavations have been carried out, and the actual excavation area is about 2300 square meters. The excavation of the site of Huxiaoyao won the nomination award for the top ten new archaeological discoveries in China in 1998 and the top ten new archaeological discoveries in China in 20001.
The discovery of the sites of Jiaotan Gorge and Laohudong Kiln provides valuable information for the study of ancient official kilns in China.
10 Fu Sheng kiln site (national key cultural relics protection unit)
Year: Gualing to Changzhuyuan, 300 meters south of Nijialou Village, Fusheng Town, Shaoxing County during the Warring States Period.
Date of publication: May 25, 2006
The area is about 4000 square meters. Found two dragon kilns side by side in the north and south. 1978 for trial excavation, in which the kiln of one station is 6m long and the kiln bed is 2.46m wide. Primitive celadon and embossed hard pottery are co-fired. Primitive porcelain includes bowls, plates and saucers. The fetal quality is dense, the tire is grayish white and the glaze color is cyan. When stacking, use flat round pads to separate them. Printed pottery includes jars, jars, etc. The fetus is dark purple and gray, decorated with rice screen pattern, Chinese fir leaf pattern and palindrome pattern. This kiln site provides important material data for studying the production of China porcelain industry, especially the early development of Shaoxing porcelain industry.
1 1 saddle site (provincial cultural relics protection unit)
Year: fairy mountain, south of Siqiao Village, maan town, Shaoxing County 1km, and 500m south of Siqiao in Neolithic Age (Phoenix Wharf).
Release date:1August 29, 997.
Sites include fairy mountain and Phoenix Pier. Fairy mountain site covers a total area of about 8,000 square meters. 1985 After partial excavation, the accumulation thickness is about 1 m, which is divided into two cultural layers: red pottery with sand unearthed in the upper layer, printed hard pottery pieces and stone tools. Red pottery with sand has rope tripod and kettle Zhi Zi. Printed pottery is decorated with checkered patterns, stripes, Yun Leiwen, etc. And the shape of the device is more common in concave bottom devices and bottom devices. Stone tools include groove-shaped, fan-shaped and half-moon-shaped knives. Belongs to Maqiao culture; Clay-gray pottery, black pottery and red pottery with sand were unearthed in the lower layer, mainly in the form of fin-shaped tripod, round foot basin and trumpet-shaped perforated bean. There are stone tools, such as stone hairpin and willow cymbal. Belongs to Liangzhu culture. The total area of Fenghuangdun site is about 6000 square meters. 1984, 1993 partial excavation. The cultural layer is about 1 m thick, and the unearthed stone tools include knives and arrows. The pottery is mainly argillaceous gray pottery, argillaceous black pottery and sand red pottery, and some of them have carved, carved and piled additional patterns. There are ding, beans, pots and so on. It belongs to the late Liangzhu culture. Ma 'an site embodies the cultural inheritance from Liangzhu culture to Maqiao culture.
12 Xishishan site (provincial cultural relics protection unit)
Year: Manchuria 1.2km outside Wuyunmen, Shaoxing, Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.
Release date: 1963 March 1 1.
Xishi Mountain, also known as Tucheng Mountain and Beauty Palace, is called Xishi West. Bronze plows, hoes, hoes and sickles, as well as fragments of primitive celadon, printed hard pottery and black-skinned gray pottery, have been collected. At Nianfo Bridge next to Xishi Mountain, a cultural layer with a thickness of 0.4 meters was found under the surface, and fragments of bronze swords, spears, iron spears, primitive celadon, printed hard pottery and black-gray pottery were collected.
13 xiaoxiantan kiln site (national key cultural relics protection unit)
Year: 200m north of Shipu Village, Shangpu Town, Shangyu, Han Dynasty.
Date of publication: May 25, 2006
The area is about 800 square meters, and the kiln site is seriously damaged. The products are well-made and of high quality. The shape of the container is mainly bowl, including basin, washing liquid, tank and so on. The fetal quality is dense, the fetal color is gray and the glaze color is turquoise. The surface of the device is decorated with lines, mats, water ripples and chords. Kiln has cushion cake, trumpet holder, etc. The discovery of Xiaoxiantan kiln site shows that mature porcelain was successfully fired in Zhejiang as early as the Eastern Han Dynasty.
14 Shanglinhu Yueyao Site (National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit)
Year: Shanglin Lake (formerly Yuyao County), Cixi County, Zhejiang Province during the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty.
Release date: 1988 65438+ 10/3.
Shanglinhu Yueyao Site is one of the main producing areas of celadon in Yueyao, which belongs to Yuezhou in ancient times, hence its name. Since 1957, the Zhejiang Provincial Cultural Relics Management Committee and the Palace Museum have conducted many surveys on kiln sites, and found more than 100 ancient kiln sites around Shanglin Lake, Shang 'ao Lake, Baiyang Lake, Duhu Lake and Guyin Lake in Cixi County. Yue kiln was founded in the Eastern Han Dynasty and flourished in the Tang and Five Dynasties. Yue kiln celadon is famous far and wide, and occupies an important position in the history of China ceramics.
From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, the previous stage was the period when it came into being and began to develop, and the products were relatively simple. Common utensils in the Eastern Han Dynasty included pots, basins, basins, washings, bowls and so on. The main products in the later period are bowls, cans, dishes, chicken head pots, water pots and so on. And the utensils are relatively heavy. By the Tang Dynasty, the porcelain-making technology in Shanglin Lake had made great progress, and the porcelain-making industry was also quite prosperous. There was a poem "Fu Cui Rong Qing Rui Se Xin, Tao Cheng Gong Xian Wu Jun", which reflected the level of porcelain industry in Shanglinhu at that time. Archaeological excavations also proved that Shanglin Lake had already started firing exquisite porcelain as a tribute to the emperor as early as the late Tang Dynasty. At that time, there were many kinds of porcelain, which were beautifully shaped and made into melons.
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Zhejiang was divided by Wu Yueguo, and official kilns were set up in Shanglinhu and other places to burn porcelain for Wu Yuexiao's court and pay tribute to the Central Plains. These porcelains are delicate and hard, with fine and neat production, advanced underglaze painting technology, gold, silver and copper wrapping, ornamentation, carving, scraping, engraving, plastic stacking and other methods. The themes are rare birds and animals, fish, turtles, flowers and people, and the composition is novel and interesting.
In the third year of the Northern Song Dynasty (978), Zhao was sent by the Song court to continue to supervise Yuezhou kiln affairs. Until the first year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty (1068), Shanglin Lake was still burning tribute porcelain.
The celadon of Yuelao kiln in Shanglin Lake is famous all over the world. Since the Tang Dynasty, it has been exported to Korea, Japan and Arabia through Mingzhou and Hangzhou, and is deeply loved by people all over the world.
15 celongkou celadon kiln site (provincial cultural relics protection unit)
Year: Kuangyan Town, Cixi City, Tang Dynasty-Southern Song Dynasty
Release date: March 2005 16.
After two large-scale scientific excavations, 1998 and 1999, it was found that there were dragon kilns, workshops and a large number of porcelain. In the Southern Song Dynasty, a kind of products was fired in the kiln site, which was different from the traditional Yue kiln blue glaze products, but very similar to Ruguan kiln, and was later confirmed as a royal product fired by the court in the Southern Song Dynasty, thus unveiling the mystery of court porcelain in the early Southern Song Dynasty.
Silongkou kiln site has a thickness of 10 meter, and the firing age is from the end of Tang Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty. This kiln site with a long history, large scale and clear lamination relationship is rare in the archaeology of porcelain kiln sites so far, which not only lays a solid scientific foundation for the chronology and research of Yue kiln porcelain, but also becomes an important link to explore the exchange and integration of secret porcelain, North and South porcelain, and official and civilian porcelain.
16 yongfengku site (national key cultural relics protection unit)
Year: North of Zhongshan West Road and South of Fuqiao Street in Ningbo in Yuan Dynasty
Date of publication: May 25, 2006
Large-scale Yuan Dynasty storage sites. The site is located in the north of Zhongshan West Road and the south of Fuqiao Street in Ningbo. At a depth of 0/.5 meters from the existing surface/kloc-0, it is a large-scale architectural relic of the Yuan Dynasty, which is composed of brick tunnels, courtyards, open ditches, wells and rivers with two single building bases as the core. The layout is relatively complete, and a large number of ceramic products and various building components of famous kiln systems in various places at that time were unearthed. Through literature research, it can be confirmed that the building site was the Yongfengku site in Yuan Dynasty, and it was the storage institution of the government at that time.
Yongfengku site in Yuan Dynasty was the first large-scale storage site in ancient local cities discovered in China. Its structure is basically intact, which provides an extremely important archaeological example for the study of storage buildings in Yuan Dynasty. It is another important discovery of urban archaeology in China, and it was rated as one of the top ten new archaeological discoveries in China in 2002.
17 Tashan site (provincial cultural relics protection unit)
Year: the southern foot of Dongta Mountain in Dancheng Town, Xiangshan, Neolithic Age.
Release date:1August 29, 997.
The area is about 1.5 million square meters. After 1990, 10 and 1993 excavations, the cultural accumulation in different periods including Hemudu culture and Majiabang culture was cleared up. The excavation area is over 500 square meters, and a large number of stone tools and pottery have been unearthed. Early unearthed pottery such as argillaceous red pottery beans, sand-lined pots and charcoal-lined pots found 42 dense and orderly single-person tombs, which can be divided into three groups according to the direction of tombs, funerary objects and distribution position. The funerary objects include argillaceous red pottery trumpet-shaped round beans, rope-lined pots, pots, pots, ding, jade blocks and so on. In the middle period, argillaceous gray pottery was dominant, and there was a phenomenon of joint burial in the tomb, and a architectural relic was found. A large number of geometric relief pottery appeared in the late period. The site reflects the phenomenon of the blending of Hemudu culture and Majiabang culture, and provides valuable information for the study of ancient culture after Hemudu culture in the south of Qiantang River.
18 Hemudu site (national key cultural relics protection unit)
Year: Hemudu Village, Luojiang Commune, Yuyao County, Zhejiang Province in Neolithic Age
Release date:1February 23, 982.
Hemudu site was discovered in the summer of 1973, which was accidentally discovered by farmers in Hemudu village when they were building a drainage station in the northeast of the village. The world-famous Hemudu site is a Neolithic site with a total area of about 40,000 square meters and a thickness of about 4 meters. It is composed of four cultural layers. By measuring the carbon-14 of the relics unearthed in the stratum, it is determined that the age of the fourth layer is about 67,000 years ago.
There are rows of wooden columns and sheet piles in the site, which are regularly distributed in a fan shape along the hillside. This is a dry column building, the largest of which is more than 23 meters long, about 7 meters deep, and the front porch 1.3 meters deep. Many wooden members have tenons and mortises, indicating that tenon-mortise connection technology has been adopted, which is the earliest tenon-mortise connection in ancient wooden structures discovered in China.
A large amount of rice was found in the site, which was well preserved and identified as indica and japonica rice. The rice unearthed from Hemudu site is abundant, well-preserved and widely distributed, which is very rare in the discovered Neolithic sites, filling the blank of "there are japonica rice but no indica rice" in the archaeological history of Neolithic in China. At the same time, bones, wooden boxes, bone sickles, wood, etc. were unearthed, all of which were tools for agricultural production or grain processing. These findings prove that as early as six or seven thousand years ago, local agriculture has become the main production sector. The discovery of a large number of rice in Hemudu site is also of great significance. In the past, people thought that India was the origin of rice in Asia. The discovery of Hemudu site proves that the rice here is more than 3000 years earlier than the earliest rice found in India.
In Hemudu site, a large number of animal remains, including artificially raised pigs, dogs and buffaloes, as well as extinct wild deer, red elk, Zhang, bear, elephant and rhinoceros, have been unearthed, which is of great value for exploring the law of ancient climate evolution and the origin of primitive animal husbandry.
The primitive art of Hemudu culture is rich and colorful. There are carved and piled animal and plant patterns on pottery, pottery pigs, sheep, heads, bone carvings, ivory carvings, and bone whistles that can also blow out music.
The discovery of Hemudu site proves that as early as six or seven thousand years ago, there was a relatively developed primitive culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which was one of the birthplaces of Chinese national culture.
19 Yingshan Site (provincial cultural relics protection unit)
Age: the southern foot of Xi 'ao Village, Zhang Ting Town, Yuyao City in Neolithic Age.
Release date:1August 29, 997.
The area is about 50,000 square meters. 1980 trial excavation, 1996 formal excavation, excavation area of 350 square meters. The cultural accumulation is about 3 meters thick and is divided into 10 layers. The cultural connotation includes Hemudu culture, Liangzhu culture and Shang and Zhou dynasties, with Hemudu culture as the main accumulation and more than 0/000 pieces of cultural relics unearthed. Stone tools include axes, spears and small stone tools made of flint. Pottery is divided into carbon black pottery and sand gray black pottery. Shapes are pots, cans, plates, bowls, beans, ding, etc. Multi-faceted, decorated with rope pattern, string pattern and cone thorn pattern. In addition, the remains of Ganlan architecture in the early Hemudu culture, a large number of animal and plant specimens such as rice, gourd and antlers, as well as bone utensils and ivory utensils have also been unearthed. This site greatly enriches the connotation of Hemudu culture and provides important material data for a more comprehensive understanding of Hemudu culture's emergence, living conditions and economic forms.