Translation and annotation
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There is no height in the mountain, and the immortal (living) name; Water is not deep. With dragons, there is an aura. This is a humble room, but my character is noble (so I don't feel humble). The traces of moss are green, growing on the steps, and the lush grass is reflected in the bamboo curtain. All the people I talk and laugh with are knowledgeable people, but there are no shallow people who associate with me. You can play the unpretentious piano and read Buddhist scriptures. No loud music disturbs the ears, and no official documents make the body tired. There are Zhuge Liang's thatched cottage in Nanyang and Yang Ziyun's pavilion in West Shu (both are very humble, but the people living there are famous, so they don't feel humble). Confucius said, "How humble is it?"
To annotate ...
Title: Selected from All Tangwen (Volume 608). A humble room: a humble room. Ming: In ancient times, the words carved on objects were mostly rhymes to warn themselves or state merits. Later it developed into a style.
1. zai: lie down, verb.
2. name (míng): name, here refers to the use of nouns as verbs, because ...
3.líng: Nouns are used as verbs, which have an aura.
Sri Lanka is a humble room: this is a humble room. Here you are. Yes: indicates judgment. Humble room: Humble room refers to the author's own room.
5. Wei Wu Dexin: Fortunately, my (room owner) moral quality is noble (I don't feel humble). Only: only. Wu: I, here refers to people who live in their own houses. Dexin: Dexin. Shang Chen Shujun: "Millet is not fragrant, but virtue is fragrant." Xin: Aroma, here refers to noble character.
6. The moss marks on the upper steps are green, and the grass color in the curtains is green: the moss marks climb to the steps and are green; The color of the grass is reflected in the bamboo curtain, green.
7.hóng rú: refers to a learned person. H: it's very big.
8. Ding Bai: The people here refer to people without any knowledge.
9.tiáo piano: Playing the piano without modification. Tone: Violin means playing (piano). Simple piano: A simple piano.
10. Book of Jin: This refers to Buddhist scriptures.
1 1 .four books: refers to the harp, flute and other musical instruments, here refers to the sound of playing music. "Silk" refers to stringed instruments and "bamboo" refers to wind instruments.
12. chi: auxiliary words, not translated. Used between the subject and the predicate to cancel the independence of the sentence.
13. Disturb both ears: Disturb both ears. Confusion: The causative use of adjectives makes ... confused and disturbed.
14. Case (dú): official document or document.
15. Fatigue: Exhausting the body (causative usage). Old: the use of adjectives is ... tired. Form: form, body.
16. Nanyang: Place name, now the west of Nanyang City, Henan Province. Before coming out of the mountain, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Wollongong, Nanyang.
17. Zhuge Lu in Nanyang, Ting Yun Pavilion in Xishu: Zhuge Liang Caotang in Nanyang and Yangzi Yunting Pavilion in Xishu. These two sentences mean that Zhuge Lu and Ziyunge are both humble and admired because the people in the places where they live are famous. Zhuge Liang, also known as Kong Ming, was a statesman and strategist during the Three Kingdoms period. Before leaving office, he lived in seclusion in Longzhongshan Middle School in Nanyang County. Yang Xiong, Zi Ziyun, a writer in the Western Han Dynasty, was born in Chengdu, Shu County. Lu: A humble little house.
18. What's wrong? That is, "what's the matter" belongs to the prepositional object. Auxiliary words, symbols of preposition objects, not translated. What's rough about it?
19. Confucius said that classical Chinese generally refers to clouds. From The Analects of Confucius Zi Han: "Where can a gentleman live, how can he be humble?" The author removed the gentleman's residence here, reflecting his modest character.
Classical Chinese knowledge
polysemy
1:
Used between the subject and the predicate to cancel the independence of the sentence.
(2) structural auxiliary words, equivalent to "de": people near the frontier, the deceased nineteen.
(3) Pronouns refer to the things mentioned above.
(4) Auxiliary words, symbols of preposition objects, are not translated. What's wrong with it?
2. Contact person:
(1) People who communicate: Some people talk and laugh, others are great scholars, but they don't associate with Ding Bai.
② People coming and going: Among them, people coming and going (Peach Blossom Garden)
Flexible use of parts of speech
1. Name: Nouns are famous for their flexible use of verbs. For example, if the mountain is not high, there is a fairy, and then it is famous.
Spirit: nouns are used flexibly as verbs to show the aura. For example, if the water is not deep, the dragon is the spirit.
[13] Xin: nouns are used flexibly as verbs and have fragrance. Example: I am humble, but I am virtuous.
4. Disorder: The causative use of adjectives is disturbed. Example: Without a bamboo filament, my ears are confused.
Old: The causative usage of adjectives makes ... feel tired. Ex.: There is no complicated work.
Quotient: Positional nouns are used as verbs. They are lianas. Example: The moss marks on the upper steps are green.
Green: Adjectives turn green as verbs. Example: The moss marks on the upper steps are green.
Different meanings of ancient and modern times
1. Unrecorded work (shape: body; Today's common meaning is: appearance)
4. Only my virtue and sincerity (Xin: noble character; Today's meaning is: Xiang. )
[14] Those who laugh and have a university (Hong: big and profound; Today's meaning is: Hongyan, Xin. )
4. There is no silk and bamboo (silk and bamboo: stringed instruments such as harp, flute, flute, etc., here refers to the sound of musical instruments; Today means: silk and bamboo)
5. You can tune the pipa (tune: play; Today means: mediation)
Writing background
Liu Yuxi was demoted as a justice of Anhui and Zhou Xian because he took part in the political reform movement at that time, which offended the dignitaries of the dynasty. According to the regulations, Tongguan will live in three three-bedroom rooms in the county government. Being able to watch dishes with people from counties and counties shows that Liu Yuxi is a soft persimmon demoted from above, so he deliberately makes things difficult. First, he was arranged to live by the river in the south of the city. Liu Yuxi didn't complain, but was very happy. He also casually wrote two sentences and posted them on the door: "Face the river, look at the white sails, and fight for the ruling and opposition." The magistrate was very angry when he learned that Liu Yuxi's residence was moved from the south gate of the county seat to the north gate of the county seat, and the area was reduced from three to one and a half. The new house is by the Desheng River, with weeping willows nearby, and the environment is OK. Liu Yuxi still didn't care. Looking at the scenery, he wrote two sentences on the door: "The weeping willows are beside the Qinghe River, the people are in the sun, and the heart is in Beijing."
The magistrate of a county saw that he was still carefree and indifferent, and sent someone to transfer him to the county center, giving him only a hut with only one bed, one table and one chair. In half a year, the magistrate forced Liu Yuxi to move three times, and each time the area was relatively small. In the end, it's just a closet. Thinking about this snobbish dog officer really insulted others, so he angrily wrote this extraordinary "Humble Room Inscription" and asked someone to carve a stone tablet and stand in front of the door.
Classic verse
I am a humble room, but I am virtuous.
A sentence that not only reflects the quiet environment of the humble room, but also highlights the elegant scenery: the moss on the stage is green, and the grass in the curtain is green.
A sentence that reflects the author's elegant communication (from the aspect of daily communication, write a sentence "A humble room is not humble"): There is a scholar in laughter, and there is no Ding Bai in communication.
Sentences that reflect the author's interest in activities: a written in front: you can tune the pipa and read the Golden Classics. B On the reverse side, it says: No hurry, no tedious work.
The author compares himself to ancient celebrities: Zhuge Lu in Nanyang and Ting Yun Pavilion in West Shu.
A finishing touch in the full text: Kong Ziyun: What's the matter? Don't be in the water with people in a small pool at that time, but there is Wolong in the shallow place. The sentence with the same meaning is: "The water is not deep, and the dragon is the spirit."
The analogy sentence used in this paper is: 1. The mountain is not high, but the fairy is famous. The water is not deep, and the dragon is the spirit. 2. Zhuge Lu in Nanyang, Ting Yun in Xishu.
In this paper, there are two places where the virtual and the real are combined: the first place is actually written: those who laugh and have a university. Virtual Writing: There is no Ding Bai between us. The second place is actually written: you can tune the pipa and read the Golden Classics. Virtual writing: no confusion, no complicated form.
Distinguish and appreciate
The humble room inscription begins with mountains and rivers, and the water is not deep. As long as there is a dragon, you can become famous.
Therefore, although living in a humble place, it is "fragrant" because of the owner's "virtue". That is to say, a humble room can of course be famous because of the existence of people with high moral quality, and its reputation will spread far and wide, and it will be carved on stones to show its commemoration. Ordinary landscapes give birth to dragons, and humble rooms can of course spread incense through people with high moral quality. This skill of using force is really wonderful, and it can also be described as the author's original creation. In particular, the fairy dragon is the crowning touch of the landscape, and the conception is wonderful. "I am a humble room, but I am virtuous and fragrant", from the landscape fairy dragon to the topic, the author directly turned to the topic, laying the foundation for the introduction. It also points out the reason why the humble room is not humble, which is the word "good faith"
From this point of view, the author wrote this essay after repeated thinking, which is definitely not a temporary inspiration. A quatrain can be an epiphany, but the seamless connection is the accumulation and repeated deliberation of usual skills. 4-7 sentences This article, carved on a stone under difficulties, has a strong tit-for-tat nature. Judging from the writing technique of the whole article, the whole article is done in one go by means of "comparison", not comparison. So what are the words "moss mark" and "smile" saying? The moss on the stone steps is (still) full of green, and the weeds on the wasteland are (still) green. What is the implication? I, Liu Yuxi, don't change my true colors anywhere. I associate with well-educated people, and there are no uneducated people. The author compares his independent personality to moss and weeds, which is a portrayal of integrity and an unyielding declaration. "You can tune the pipa and read the Golden Scripture. There is no distinction between silk and bamboo, and there is no form of work. " These two sentences also continue the technique of "contrast", only from analogy to reverse contrast.
If the sentence 1~3 in this paper is a kind of foreshadowing, then sentences 4~7 enter a real confrontation. The author showed his dignity in poetic language, and at the same time mercilessly lashed the snobs.
The author of Zhuge Lu in Nanyang and Ziyun Pavilion in West Shu compares Zhuge Liang's thatched cottage with the Xuanting Pavilion in Yangzi Cloud in West Shu, and draws out his humble room to set an example for himself. I hope he can have noble moral conduct like them, which reflects his thought of taking the ancient sages as his responsibility, and implies that the humble room is not humble. In fact, Liu Yuxi wrote another meaning, that is, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in the middle school, waiting for the wise Lord to come out of the mountain. What about Yang Xiong? But he is a scholar with fame and fortune and devoted himself to reading. Although he is a top official, his indifference to the ups and downs of official positions and money is a model for future generations. The author quotes the meaning of these two people. What he wants to express is: be prepared for danger in times of peace, be fearless in times of danger, stick to moral integrity, and share weal and woe. I don't want to go with the flow, but I want to show my ambition when I meet the wise Lord of SHEN WOO. If I don't have a wise Lord, I would like to be plain. This combination with the ups and downs of the author's officialdom is more in line with the actual situation.
The last sentence quoted "Confucius: What's wrong?" Quote the words of the ancients, wrap up the whole article, and explain that the humble room is "not ugly" Expressed his pursuit of the moral quality of feudal ethics at that time. It may be Liu Yuxi's request for his moral quality to use the ethical norms affirmed by saints and demand himself. This conclusion, no matter what the content means, combined with the meaning of the question, is ingenious. Because feudal ethics is based on Confucian moral standards, the affirmation of Confucius saints is also a conclusion of their moral quality. The thesis should have arguments, and quoting the sacred words of Confucius as arguments was undoubtedly an argument at that time, which was sufficient and irrefutable.
theme
This inscription is a combination of poetry and prose, short and pithy, full of emotional and rational victory. It says "humble room" and praises "good faith" Because of the noble character, the humble room is full of light, and there is nothing ugly. It is full of vigor and vitality, catchy and refreshing.
It can be said that the theme of this essay is to express the author's noble sentiment of not colluding with the common customs and being honest and clean, which embodies his character of not seeking wealth, being honest and clean. In the article, "I am humble, but I am virtuous." This sentence is the central sentence of this article. It can be seen that the fundamental reason why the author is humble but not humble lies in his own noble moral quality. After that, we can see that the author's height is voluntary and he doesn't follow the crowd. Later, we used "Zhuge Lu in Nanyang and Ting Yun Pavilion in Xishu" to highlight his noble character once again with the humble rooms of celebrities from all walks of life. Finally, to borrow a word from Confucius, "How can I be humble?" Once again, I wrote my noble character, highlighting the theme of "humble room is not humble".
Writing skills
The writing techniques of Humble Room Inscription are complicated, including comparison, sketch, suggestion, allusions, metonymy and analogy. Rhyme, strong sense of rhythm. It reads naturally and smoothly, and the song is full of echoes, which makes people memorable.
sentence pattern
Judging from the sentence pattern, Humble Room Ming is mainly parallel prose, with neat sentence pattern, clear rhythm and harmonious phonology, giving people a visual aesthetic feeling. However, the sentence "What is humble?" The inscription in my humble room is also a loose sentence. Therefore, in the sentence structure, "Humble Room Ming" is a combination of parallel prose, which makes the article have a bright rhythm, patchwork language, cadence, harmonious and pleasant feeling to read, and gives people the aesthetic feeling of music. At the same time, the article is mainly composed of five words, with four words and six words in the middle, so the sentence patterns are uneven and the article rhymes to the end.
Bixing
Bixing, the most prominent artistic technique. At the beginning of the article, the analogy between "mountain" and "water" leads to the fact that the humble room has the nature of a famous god, points out the main idea, and implies that the humble room is not ugly (it is better than mountains and rivers, Buron, and God).
Reverse concept
Viewed from the conception, Humble Room Inscription expresses its ambition by way of contrast. On the other hand, he never mentioned the ugliness of the humble room, but only wrote the ugly side of the humble room, which was because of virtue and fragrance, thus naturally achieving the purpose of expressing his feelings. It expresses the author's moral integrity, his interest in poverty and happiness, and his feelings of not colluding with the secular.
clue
Judging from the clues, the concept of "only I am fragrant" runs through the whole paper: at the beginning, it leads to "only I am fragrant", then it expresses "only I am fragrant" from the aspects of room environment, communication and daily life, and finally sets off "only I am fragrant" with "Zhuge Lu" and "Zi". This is the author's subjective feeling.
Hold something to express your wishes.
The author quoted He Lou's intention of "humble room is not humble" and "being honest only", which dominated the whole article.
In terms of expression, Humble Room Inscription integrates description, lyricism and discussion. By describing the elegant environment of the "humble room" and the elegant demeanor of the master, I express my noble and quiet feelings.
The author entrusts his feelings to a specific thing and expresses his thoughts and feelings better through the description of things.
Express/convey one's feelings
With the help of humble reasoning, the article expresses the noble character of the author with lyrical style. He sees reason in everything and shows emotion in the scene. It can be said that "love is born of scenery, and scenery is born of love." In this way, the author's leisure and the beautiful scenery of the room are written implicitly and vividly.
This article skillfully uses allusions. Take Zhuge Lu and Ziyun Pavilion for example, and quote Confucius: "What's wrong?" Explain that the humble room is not humble, thus enhancing the credibility and persuasiveness of the article's reasoning.
In short, the author does not flaunt himself as a "gentleman" in the article, but respects morality and studies law as a gentleman, showing a detached and optimistic attitude towards life setbacks and career bumps. Only in this way, we regard it as a lyric poem praising the humble room to show its owner's indifferent and elegant life interest, rather than an essay explaining that the humble room is not humble.
theme
Starting from the theme, Humble Room Ming expresses the humble room by describing the life interests of people who communicate in the humble room. "Humble Room Inscription" shows the author's life attitude of not colluding with the secular, leading an honest and clean life and not pursuing music and entertainment. It expresses the author's noble and proud sentiment and reveals the author's poor and happy feelings. "Ming" is a kind of writing carved on objects in ancient times, which is used to warn oneself or state achievements, and later developed into a style with rhyme characteristics.
Judging from the title, the author is praising the humble room and writing an inscription for it. Actually, it's not. The author is lyrical by borrowing things. Through the description of the humble room, it expresses the author's thoughts and feelings of being willing to humble room and being poor and happy, and shows the author's noble integrity of not being greedy for wealth and not colluding with the secular. The full text is 8 1 word, which can be said to be poor in writing and revealing. The opening words 16 set the tone for the full text. "The mountain is not high, there is a fairy by this name. The water is not deep, and the dragon has spirit. " On the surface, "fairy" and "dragon" add color to the landscape, but in fact they are the masters of my humble abode. The Master of the Humble Room lives in a humble room, but his spiritual thoughts are so rich: The Scholars, The Book of Jin and Su Qin not only describe the ugliness appreciation pursued by the Master of the Humble Room from the aspects of making friends, learning and enjoying, but also the richness of the words Hong, Jin and Su, which are also out of touch with ugliness appreciation. As he himself said, "I am humble, but I am virtuous." He described his noble thoughts and morality with a fragrant aroma, highlighting that the owner of a humble room is not pursuing wealth (no fuss), nor fame and fortune (nothing for nothing), but a clean heart, elegant taste and virtue. The author compares his humble room to Zhuge Lu and Ziyunge, and sets an example to encourage himself. It also shows the author's heart of being poor and happy, so he says, "Why is there inferiority?"
By praising the humble room, this inscription expresses the author's attitude towards life, his desire to maintain noble moral integrity, and his interest in life without seeking Wen Da.
From this article, we can see that the author pursues elegance and spirit, which makes people feel that the humble room is not simple, that is, the words that directly describe the humble room are "moss marks on the top, grass is green in the curtain", which also makes people feel a little "simple" and gives people more of a hut covered by lush grass, full of vitality. This is really a humble room.
The full text is only 8 1, which has three meanings. The first floor (1~3 sentences) points out the main idea by analogy: "I am a humble room, but I am virtuous." It is pointed out that the theme of the article is "only my virtue and honesty", and the humble room is not humble. The second floor (sentences 4~7) describes the living environment, guests coming and going, and daily life, revealing the connotation of "Dexin": the environment is beautiful and elegant, reflecting the quiet and indifferent mood of the room owner; A knowledgeable visitor shows the owner's elegant and refined feelings; A natural and comfortable life shows the owner's interest in being poor and happy, and his aversion to secular life, thus pointing out that "virtue and kindness" is the reason why my humble room is not humble. The third floor (sentences 8~9) compares my humble room with Zhuge Lu and Ziyunge, and ends the whole article with Confucius' words, implicitly expressing the author's elegant taste for gentlemen, echoing the "I am virtuous and sincere" at the beginning.
rhetoric
(1) The way to express one's will by holding things
(2) Reverse thinking
(3) The antithesis rhymes neatly.
(4) Using analogy and arousal.
5. Use intertextual rhetoric.
brief introduction
Humble Room Inscription is selected from 608 episodes of Quantang Wen. One was written by Liu Yuxi, and the other was written by Liu Yuxi before.
"Ming" was originally written on ancient artifacts and inscriptions to warn oneself or state one's achievements, and it was mostly used to praise, pay homage to ancestors and give warnings. Later, it gradually evolved into an independent style, generally using rhyme. Due to its unique historical origin, this style is short and concise. According to the classification of China's ancient style, "Ming" is a practical writing. If you understand the meaning of the inscription, you will understand the meaning of the question, which is to describe the humble room and praise the Analects of Confucius through it. In fact, in the name of the humble room, it is fascinating and fascinating. This is what the author really means. It is the value of the author's reclusive and happy attitude and outlook on life to rely on things for ambition. The humble room here was built by Liu Yuxi when he was Secretary of State in Changqing for four years.
From All Tang Wen. After the completion of the room, the calligrapher Liu Gongquan inscribed the book "Humble Room Inscription", made a monument and built it beside the city. Later, due to war and looting, historical sites were destroyed. The existing humble room was rebuilt by Song Siren of Longzhou in Qing Dynasty and supplemented by Lingnan Jin Yu 1902.