(778 -865), a Chinese in Jingzhao, Tang Dynasty, was named "Liu". Because he was also named Duke of Hedong by the emperor, later generations also called him "Liu Hedong". He is a descendant of Yan Zhenqing, and later called them "Yan Liu", which became a model of calligraphy in past dynasties.
Liu Gongquan's calligraphy was very famous at that time in the Tang Dynasty, and there was a saying among the people that "Liu Zi is a thousand dollars". His calligraphy is vigorous and vigorous, and his words are rigorous and meticulous. As far as the characteristics of Chinese characters are concerned, they are famous for their thinness and strength. The regular script written is beautiful and strong, and the running script and regular script are the most exquisite. Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is called "Liu Style" because of its unique works.
Famous works:
Liu Gongquan wrote many books and erected many monuments in his life. Here, introduce some of his masterpieces:
1. Carved the Diamond Sutra (824, 47 years old) official letter of Liu Gongquan, carved as a horizontal stone, * * * 12 pieces, each line 1 1 word, the original stone was destroyed in the Song Dynasty. The only Tang rubbings were found in Dunhuang Grottoes and are now in the Paris Museum. This is Liu Shu's early masterpiece. His brushwork is meticulous, thin, vigorous and charming; The structure is meticulous, taking the shape of longitudinal length, tight in the middle palace, spreading in all directions, and pulling it out with clear strength. "Six Valley" can be known here, and so can Liu Jizhong's books. Ji Yun says: "If you hang the Diamond Sutra, Liu Xie said that you have the body of Zhong (Zhi), Wang (Zhi), Ou (Zhi), Yu (Zhi), Chu (Zhi) and Lu (Zhi). Today's test of his book is a must, especially valuable. " (Postscript of Guang Chuan)
2. Li Sheng Monument (829, 52 years old) is located in Gaoling County, Shaanxi Province. The monument is one foot four inches high, five feet eight inches wide, thirty-four lines and sixty-one words. Pei Du wrote, Liu Gongquan wrote, and sealed the forehead. This monument was already full of flowers and stones in the Ming Dynasty. Sun Qing Chengze's Summer of Gengzi said: "Although the words are peeling off, they are still available at first glance." Compared with the Diamond Sutra, it strengthens the concepts of firmness, angularity, pointedness, straightness and straightness. But in some places, the words seem stiff and cramped.
3. Preface to the Ming Bell Tower of Huiyuan Temple (836, 59 years old) was inscribed by Shao Jianhe, 4 1 line with 20 crosses. 1986 1 1 was unearthed outside Heping Gate in Xi 'an. This tablet is full of charm and meticulous brushwork, with Fang Bi as the main pen and round pen as the supplement, which is vigorous and powerful. Its structure often changes in dislocation, such as the words "squat", "bell" and "building" in the left and right structures, and the left side is moved up to form a knot with a short left and a long right, seeking rhyme and interest in the imbalance. Liu Shu is gradually going to another depth.
4. "Su Feng Monument" (837, 60 years old) was written by Liu Gongquan with seal script, 4 1 line 83 words, and it is a stele forest in Shizang 'an. His books are refreshing, fast, healthy and full of energy. It seems to indicate that a more exquisite "Liu Ti" is about to be born. In the following five or six years, the mysterious tower and the Shence Army came out one after another and became the standard of the Millennium regular script. "Summer of Gengzi" quoted Yang Yongxiu as saying: "Feng Shangshu Monument is second only to (Yu Shinan) Temple Monument." "Graphite Seal Carving China" said: "This monument is slightly better than the Xuanta Monument, but not as good as Xue Ji's Flying Goose. Yang Yongxiu Yunya's Temple Monument has passed. "
5. Li Zongmin wrote Mountain Monument (838,61year old), Liu Gongquan wrote and printed it, and Shao Jianhe carved it. Thirty-one lines, sixty-two words, the monument is one foot high and four feet five inches wide, which is the most prominent among the willow monuments. Stone was destroyed in Fuping County during the "Ten-year turmoil". This monument enjoys a high reputation from ancient times to the present, and it has been recorded in Jin Shi Lu, Bao Lei Ke Bian and Ji Gu Zhen. Although the characters of this monument and the Su Feng Monument are smaller than those of the Mystery Tower Monument, they are just as bold, profound in words, meticulous in structure and rational in spirit. Sun Chengze's "More Summer Purple" said: "His book also has the reason that Shan Juan is invincible in Luo Qi." This means that there is a charm in majesty.
6. The mysterious pagoda stone tablet (84 1, aged 64) was written by Pei Xiu, inscribed by Liu Gongquan and engraved by Shao Jianhe and Shao Jianchu. * * * 28 lines, 54 words, stone deposit Xi 'an forest of steles. Shu's "Inscription on Virtual Boat" said: "Sincerity is precision work." Wang Mingshizhen's "Yizhou Mountain Man Draft" says: "This monument is the most exposed in Liu Shu." Its bones are vigorous and vigorous, its bones and muscles are particularly exposed, and it is vigorous and charming; The knot is slender, the size is quite patchy, rich and changeable, looking forward to flying and smooth lines. The whole monument is excellent without any slack.
7. The tablet of Shence Army (843, 66 years old) was written by Cui Xuanshu, and Liu Gongquan wrote a letter by Li Yan to record the left military affairs. The monument is located in the forbidden area of the palace and cannot be circulated casually, so it is circulated less. Beijing Library has rubbings of the Northern Song Dynasty. This monument and the mysterious tower are separated by two years, with similar overall style, rigorous statutes and strong spirit, but there are also some differences. The "mysterious tower" is extremely vigorous and healthy, and this monument is abundant; The former is extremely exposed, while the latter is gentle and respectful; The former is more flattering and the latter is heavier. This engraver is also very meticulous, and he still thinks that Liu Shu is the best handed down from generation to generation. Sun Chengze said: "There is a gentle gesture in calligraphy, which is his most proud stroke." Among Liu Gongquan's regular script, the tablet of Shence Army and the mysterious pagoda tablet have the most far-reaching influence.
8. "Liu Mianbei" (848,71year old) Liu Gongquan's book, written by Wei Bo, has 37 lines and 65 words. The font of this tablet is small, but the writing style is beautiful. Yang Shoujing noticed its "elegance" in "Learning Your Words". Look at the stone tablet carefully with a round pen, such as the word "country". The right corner is deformed into a circle, and the right straight down is also a crossbow. The word "Si" of "Situ" suddenly bends down to the right, which is clumsy, and the word "Dao" of "Shinto" is also wrong. After seventy, Liu Gongquan's book is also changing. This monument and its similar styles, such as Fu Phosphorus Monument, Wei Gongxian Temple, Liu Mian, Su Feng, etc., all have the style of "gathering talents, but elegant after all".
9. "Wei Gong Temple Monument" (852, 75 years old) was written by Cui Gui and Liu Gongquan in Tang Dynasty, with 36 lines and 60 words, originally published by An. The tablet is broken and scattered, and it can't be worn completely. At first, there were only five stone heads. The age of this monument is unknown. Wang Chang's collection of stone carvings is considered to be at the end of Xian Tong (874), and the collection of treasure carvings is considered to be six years old (852). This monument is graceful and elegant, and the willow book is vigorous. Looking closely, it has reached the realm of elegance. His strokes are quite pitch, such as "Shang" and "Wu"; The conclusion of the word is quite inclined, such as the center of gravity of "thing" and "country" is to the right; Another example is the "Food City 500" business, which makes you find everything you need and enjoy it.
10. Gao Yuan Bei Yu (853, 76 years old) was written by Liu Gongquan and Xiao Ye. In Luoyang, Henan Province, the monument is more than one foot high and four feet wide, with 33 lines of regular script and 79 characters. The forehead is printed with the handwriting "The Tang Dynasty official gave the official a right servant to shoot a tombstone, a senior official in Bohai", with four lines and two horizontal lines. Kang Youwei said, "There is a dragon leaping and tiger lying in the north of Henan Province." ("Guang Yi Yi") Qingyang garbage guard "Xue Shu Yan" cloud: "The' high monument' is particularly perfect. From the end of the year, although there are authors, it is impossible to open the door by yourself. " "Yue Long Tiger Lying" is a metaphor for the strength of his calligraphy. The latter is called perfection, which has reached the realm of perfection.
1 1. Tolingi Monument (857, 80 years old)