The social status of the family
Li Qingzhao was born in a family of literary scholars. Father Li is a native of Jinan, a scholar, a protege of Su Shi, an official and a minister of rites. He has a rich collection of books and is good at literature and ci works. There is a stone tablet carved on the south of the north wall of Dongzhai of Qufu Confucius Temple, which reads: "Give a certain punishment, learn from Li, worship Ning (1 102) on the 28th day of the first month, lead a brown, cross the river, meet, March far away and worship the forest." My mother is the granddaughter of the top scholar, and she is very cultured.
Inherit family studies
Li Qingzhao grew up in a family with a strong literary atmosphere. Influenced by family knowledge, wisdom and insight, she is gifted. Therefore, "Young people can support their predecessors by naming their poems" (Wang Zhuo's "Blue Phoenix Full of Tales") was once highly praised by Chao, a famous writer at that time and a great disciple of Su Shi. According to the volume of "Romantic Poems" edited by Zhu, Li Qingzhao is "good at writing, especially poetry, and Chao Wuxue calls her a scholar-bureaucrat". The forty-sixth volume of Shuo Lan quoted the Leisure Record of Ruiguitang as saying that she was "brilliant, knowledgeable and brilliant in modern times". In this volume, Zhu Yao's Zhou Ping Ketan praised her as "an ancient author with excellent poetry and prose".
As a teenager, Li Qingzhao lived in Bianjing with her father. The elegant living environment, especially the bustling scene of Kyoto, inspired Li Qingzhao's creative enthusiasm. In addition to writing poems, she also began to emerge in the ci world, and wrote a famous sentence "Like a Dream" which was widely read by later generations (last night, after the rain cleared, the wind blew suddenly). When this was said, it caused a sensation in the whole capital. "At that time, all the scribes applauded, and there was nothing to teach" (Collection outside Yaoshan Hall, Volume 54).
After reading the famous poem Ode to Zhongxing Monument, Li Qingzhao immediately wrote two amazing works, Ode to Wuxi Zhongxing and Ode to Zhang Wenqian Zhongxing. This poem comments on the rise and fall vertically and horizontally, summarizes the historical lessons of the rise and fall before and after the "An Shi Rebellion" in the Tang Dynasty, and warns the rulers of the Song Dynasty that "Xia Shang has a lesson from the past, and history is the present". A girl who is new here can express such deep concern and anxiety about the country, which can't help but impress the world. Therefore, Qing Bo Magazine in Song and Zhou Dynasties thought that these two poems were written by women and many people. What can a thoughtful person do? " Chen Hongxu's "Cold Night Record" in the Ming Dynasty commented on these two poems: "Extraordinary and brilliant, known as hump and forest chest."
Harp chord
Song Huizong Jianzhong was in the year of Jing Guoyuan (11kloc-0/), and Li Qingzhao was 18 years old. She married Zhao Mingcheng, a 2 1 year-old Taiwan Province student in Bianjing. According to Li Qingzhao's Preface to the Story of the Stone, "Yu Jianzhong is Zhao Jiaxin." At that time, Li Qingzhao's father was the foreign minister of does, and Zhao Mingcheng's father was the assistant minister of official department, both of whom were senior officials of the imperial court. Although Li Qingzhao and his wife are "children of your family", because "Zhao and Li are poor and thrifty", Zhao Mingcheng, who is studying in imperial academy, often goes to the pawnshop to order some clothes for a little money when he goes home to reunite with his wife on the first and fifteenth days of junior high school, and then steps into the lively Suoguo Temple market to buy back his favorite inscriptions and fruits, so the couple "exhibit and chew". Ancient and mysterious inscriptions lead them to distant historical times, giving them a unique cultural and artistic enjoyment, making them feel as if they were in carefree ancient times, thus "calling themselves Ge people".
In the last two years, Zhao Mingcheng entered the official career. Although she had an independent source of income, the couple still lived a very simple life, and set the goal of "travel far if you are poor, and make the best of the world". Although Zhao's book collection is quite rich, it is far from enough for Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng. So they tried their best to borrow rare books and cheats collected in the imperial palace through relatives and friends. "They tried their best to spread them, but they couldn't help themselves." Celebrity paintings and calligraphy, three generations of strange things, even at the expense of "stripping off the market." However, their strength is limited after all. On one occasion, someone took a peony painting by Xu Xi, a painter from the Southern Tang Dynasty, and asked for 20 Wan Wen. They stayed at home for two nights and couldn't put it down. However, there was no choice but to reluctantly return it to others. To this end, "the couple looked at each other for a few days." Married life, although poor, is quiet and harmonious, elegant and interesting, full of happiness and joy.
Unfortunately, the good times did not last long, and the fierce struggle between the old and new parties in the imperial court involved the Li family. In the second year after Li Qingzhao's marriage, that is, in July of the first year of Chongning (1 102), her father Li was listed as party member and was not allowed to work in Beijing. At that time, 17 people were listed as party member, and Li ranked fifth, so he was expelled from the Daoist Party. In September, I wrote a list of party member, carved stones and ended the ceremony. There were *** 120 people, and Li ranked 26th. In the same year, Tingzhi Zhao was promoted all the way. In June, he was promoted by Shang Shuyou Cheng, and in August, he was promoted by Shang Shucheng. In order to save his father's pain, Li Qingzhao wrote a poem about Tingzhi Zhao. In this regard, Zhang Taste said: "(Uncle Wen's daughter wrote a poem) Save the father's cloud:' What's more, the love between father and son in the world', and those who know it will mourn it." Chao also said: "(Female) has the name of a gifted scholar, her uncle and husband (pavilion) are here, and Li tasted the poem:' Hot hands can be cold'." ("County Zhai Du Zhi") Pity doesn't work. After being dismissed from office, Li had to take his family back to Mingshui as soon as possible.
Party struggles in the imperial court intensified, and Li was accused of being "Yuan You party member" and even blamed on Li Qingzhao. In September of the second year of Chongning (1 103), Geng Yin banned Yuan You Party children from living in Beijing; Xin Si, imperial edict: "Imperial clan shall not marry the descendants of traitors in Yuan You." (History of Song Dynasty, Volume 19, Biography of Huizong) Chongning for three years (1 104) "In summer and April, the children of party member in Shangshu Province, with or without officials, were ordered to live outside, and were not allowed to go to Quexia without authorization" (Volume 88 of Zi Zhi Tong Jian Continued) here.
The political situation is changeable and things are unpredictable. At the end of spring (1 105), Tingzhi Zhao began to recall the right servant of Shangshu and assistant minister of Zhongshu. In June, "(because) and (Cai) fought for power in Beijing and committed adultery repeatedly, so please go to a place to avoid it", so they called for help ("Song History? Biography of Tingzhi Zhao "). Only after more than half a year, in February of the fifth year of Chongning (1 106), Cai Jing went on strike, and Tingzhi Zhao awarded the right servant of Shangshu and assistant minister of Zhongshu. At the same time, the imperial court destroyed the monument in party member, Yuan You, and then granted amnesty to the whole world and lifted the ban on all party member. Li et al. "sent the official department to share with the prison temple" (Volume 26 of "A Mirror for Continuing Capital Management"), and Li Qingzhao was able to return to Bianjing to reunite with Zhao Mingcheng. However, in the first month of the first year of Song Huizong Daguan (1 107), Cai Jing appeared again, and a ruthless political disaster fell on the Zhao family. In March, Tingzhi Zhao died five days after being shot by a right-handed servant. Three days after his death, he was framed by Cai Jing. Family members and relatives in Beijing were arrested and imprisoned. Because there were no facts, they were imprisoned in July and released soon after. However, the gift officer was chased away, and the son's shadow seal officer was lost, so it was difficult for the Zhao family to stay in the capital. Li Qingzhao had to follow Zhao's family back to his private house in Qingzhou and began to live in the village.
Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng settled in Qingzhou in the autumn of the first year of Song Huizong Daguan (1 107). The following year, 25-year-old Li Qingzhao ordered her room to be called "Guitang" and renamed it "Yi 'an Jushi".
Gui Tang is taken from Tao Yuanming's Gui Xi Ci. At that time, Chao and Li Qingzhao's father, who had strongly praised Li Qingzhao, resigned as party member and claimed to be "returning the son". Chao built the "Gui Lai Garden" in his hometown (now Jinxiang, Shandong Province), and the halls, pavilions and pavilions in the garden were all named after the words in Gui Lai Xi Ci (see Gui Zi Cheng Ju by Chao). Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng named their study "Huilaitang", which was based on their admiration and imitation of Chao Bu Zhi. There is a saying in "Come home to Xi Ci" that "lean on the south window proudly and judge your knees at ease". Obviously, it is named after "Yi Jushi", so we should also take its magnanimity. In The Return of the Native, although Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng lost their comfortable life in the former prime minister's office in Beijing, they gained infinite pleasure in living in the countryside. They support each other and study literature and academic creation; They scrimped and saved, searched for ancient inscriptions and spent a rare time in their lives. Li Qingzhao described this in more detail in the Preface to the Inscription:
Hou Ping has lived in the village for ten years, and he has no worries about food and clothing. Keep two counties in succession, exhaust their salaries and lead them first. Every book you get will be signed with * *, and the whole episode will be signed. Get a book, draw a picture, get an easy job, get a job, also play with books, criticize defects, and be a candle at night. Therefore, the paper is exquisite, the calligraphy and painting are complete, and the book collectors are the best.
Ancient city of qingzhou is the heart of ancient Qi, a country with ancient cultural sites, with huge historical sites and huge boulders. There are many ancient artifacts in the three generations, sometimes unearthed. Mr. and Mrs. Zhao Mingcheng collected a large number of stone carvings in the local area, such as the Zhang Lie tablet in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Linhuai King tablet in the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Dayun Temple and the Zen Temple tablet written by Li Yong in the Tang Dynasty. The ancient halberd of Ming Dynasty was unearthed in Yidu, and the ancient dragons and nobles unearthed in Danbin Waterfront of Changle became their treasures one after another.
In the fourth year of Zheng He (1 1 14), in the new autumn, Zhao Mingcheng wrote a photo of Yi 'an laity at the age of thirty-one, saying, "Beautiful words, dignified products, belonging to Xi, which is really worth hiding. Politics and Wu Jia Xinqiu, German father is returning to the hall. " (The portrait of Yi 'an layman and the inscription of Zhao Mingcheng are judged to be false by many people. However, according to the article "A Precious Material about Zhao Mingcheng and Li Qingzhao" published by Wu Jindi in the second issue of Journal of Shanghai Normal University (1987), the Zhao Mingcheng ink of Ouyang Xiu in Shanghai Museum is very similar to the inscription ink of the portrait. Accordingly, this paper thinks that the inscription in the portrait was written by Zhao Mingcheng. )
In the seventh year of Zheng He (117), with the help of Li Qingzhao, Zhao Mingcheng basically completed the writing of Jin Shilu. In addition to the self-made preface, Liu Gang, a famous scholar at that time, was specially invited to make a preface. According to historical records, Zhao Mingcheng wrote Jin Shilu and Li Qingzhao "cut it" (on Zhang's Return).
Song Huizong was in Xuanhe for three years (1 12 1 year), and Li Qingzhao was 38 years old. Still in Qingzhou in spring and summer. On April 25th and 26th, Zhao Mingcheng visited water curtain cave, Tian Yang, and carved words on the stone wall in the cave. I will know Laizhou soon. Li Qingzhao didn't go with her peers at the beginning. It was not until autumn and August that Qingzhao went to Laizhou from Qingzhou. Passing Changle, I stayed at the post office and wrote "Seeing off my sisters in Changle Hall when Hua Lian died" to express my farewell to my sisters in Qingzhou. On August 10th, Qingzhao arrived in Laizhou and wrote another song "Feeling". There is a preface before the poem: "Xuan He Xin Chou arrived in Lai on August 10th, sitting alone in a room, and what he saw all his life was out of sight. A few polite rhymes, because the letter is opened by hand, and the poem is based on rhyme. I even got the word' Zi' because I thought it was rhyme and made a sentimental poem. "