Because it's too complicated, it's easy to avoid the heavy and light. This paper first analyzes the origin of the word "Tan". So, how did our surname-the word "Tan" come from?
(A) "Tan" is simplified from "Tan"
"Tan" is a simplified word for "Tan".
1956 65438+1On October 28th, the 23rd plenary meeting of the State Council adopted the Resolution on Publishing Simplified Characters. 1964 In May, the China Character Reform Commission published the Summary of Simplified Characters, with 2236 characters, which is the simplified character prevailing in Chinese mainland today. Among them, changing "Yan" into "Zhu" is a simplified method of Chinese characters, and running script and cursive script are used instead of regular script.
In fact, simplified characters have existed for a long time in the form of folk characters, and they were standardized only in 1956, and some normal characters (traditional characters) were officially replaced by folk characters. In a sense, the evolutionary history of Chinese characters is the process of continuous simplification of Chinese characters.
(B) "Tan" was transformed from "Qin Yi".
"Tan" is the word after the official script "Qin Yi" (seal script, country name). Tan Ben was born as an official script, and later he had today's regular script.
As we all know, "Qi Heng destroyed Tan, and Tan Ziran lived there". Later generations took the country as their surname, hence the name Tan. However, this Tan is different from Tan. At that time, Tan wrote "(seal script)" or "Tan" instead of "Tan". Why? Reason:
1, "Shuo Wen": "Qin Yi (seal script): The country also perished in Qi Huangong. Come from the hustle and bustle. " It can be seen that Tan Guo's seal script of "Qi Heng Destroys Tan" wrote "Qin Yi". Seal script appeared earlier than official script, that is to say, earlier than Tan.
2. There is no entry for the word "Tan" in Shuowen. Shuowen is a famous book that explains Biography and previous ancient prose, with seal script as the prefix and written in official script. There is no entry with the prefix "Tan" in Shuowen, but the word "Tan" appears many times in the definitions of other prefixes (note: the original text is "Tan Changshuo"), indicating that there was Tan in the official script at that time, but there was no Tan in the ancient seal script, so Xu Shen could not have missed it because he knew it existed.
3. From the development history of Chinese characters, the evolution of Chinese characters is roughly a process of "Oracle Bone Inscriptions-Jinwen-Xiewen-Xiaozhuan-Lishu-Kaishu", and Tan characters belong to the era of Lishu. (See my other article "The Evolution Timetable of Chinese Characters in China") At present, the earliest ancient official documents discovered by archaeology are in the middle of the Warring States Period, such as: Qingchuan wooden slips, Yunnan Sleeping Tiger Bamboo Slips, and a large number of Chu bamboo slips. This means that the earliest Tan characters may have appeared in the Warring States period, which has been confirmed by ancient discoveries. "Ancient Collection" contains the word "Tan" in the rubbings of the Warring States Period, which may be the earliest Tan word found at present. By the Han Dynasty, Tan characters had become very common, and the existing original works included the bronze sword in Shanglin, Juyan and the Eastern Han tablet.
4. There is a small seal script "Tan" in the small inscription of Han Dynasty. However, this is a seal character that Han people deduced from Lishu Tan according to the method of making characters with small seal script. In order to distinguish this kind of seal script from the previous seal script, it is called "modern seal script", while the seal script prevailing in the Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Period and Qin Dynasty is called "ancient seal script", including big seal script and small seal script. There is no "Tan" in ancient seal script.
Therefore, during the continuation of Tan Guo, there was no word "Tan". At that time, Tan Guoqi was written as "Qin Yi" or "Qin". So, why did it become Tan?
1, official change. China's script changed from seal script to official script, which is called "official script change". The structure of Xiao Zhuan is composed of even and round lines, which is quite inconvenient to write and the font is more complicated. So there appeared a folk font, Xiao Zhuan's dignified and neat, round and curved lines, written in square folds. The change of official script changed the characters following the shape of objects into simplified Chinese characters composed of straight strokes, which greatly improved the writing speed. Because official script originated from the scribbled writing of seal script, the two languages have existed in normal and vulgar forms for a long time. From the Warring States to the middle and late Western Han Dynasty, official script replaced seal script as the main font.
2. At present, many surnames are derived from the country after the demise of the vassal States in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the writing of these surnames is regular.
(1) Take the country name as the surname. According to the changing law of official script, the official script writing method of Yi seal script characters representing country names and place names is to change the Yi part to the right ear, and the dictionary interprets these two words as ancient and modern characters. If it is changed to Zheng, the ceremonial instrument is changed to Deng, the red instrument is changed to Hao, the slope is changed, and the Chu instrument is changed to Zou.
(2) Take the country name before the word "city" as the surname. Such as Qiu, Zhu, Cheng and Yu. There are two situations: Qiu, Zhu and Cheng still exist, but they have disappeared.
Therefore, a case of "taking the country as the surname" is to use the word "Qin Yi", which is a variant of "Qin Yi", but this word is no longer used today, which means that the ancestors did not adopt this word as the surname. In another case, the original word "Qin" of "Qin Yi" was used, but the reality proved that it was not, because the ancient Qin had only one pronunciation, Tá n, and now the word "Qin" has two pronunciations: one is that ethnic minorities use this word to pronounce qín for the Han surname, and the other is that ethnic groups call themselves Tan's asylum. It can be seen that these two situations are not, in fact, the glyph "Tan" is chosen. From ancient times to the present, only Tan acknowledged the "Qin Yi" country as its source, and historical materials and dictionaries of past dynasties also wrote "Qin Yi" country as Tan (Tan) country. "Shuo Wen Wen Yi Bu", "Qin Yi, the country also destroyed in Qi Huangong" Duan Yucai notes. China's first regular script dictionary, written by people in the Southern Dynasties, said, "Tan, there are still books; Han Shu is very big; Cang Xie's articles also have people's surnames, and Tan's private voice is Tan Chayi. Ci Shu Tan Birthday Kangxi Dictionary: "Tan, also known as Tan." "Lao Xun's Compilation": "Qin Yi and Tan Gujin are also words."
(3) The word "Qin Yi" was coined because of the country of Qin.
At first, ancient Chinese characters were simple letter combinations. Later, due to the need of cognition, more words had to be created, and compound words appeared. For example, "the combination of words and radicals is a very important way of word formation". Historical data show that in the Western Zhou Dynasty or the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a large number of "Yi" characters were added to Chinese characters to refer to country names and place names, such as bang, xing, Yong, Yong, Yong, Deng, Zheng, Dan and Yong. The word "Qin" in the State of Qin has also been added with the word "Yi" and has become "Qin Yi".
Therefore, Qin, Qin Yi, Qin Yi, Tan and Tan are universal when they are used to refer to the destroyed Tan State, which has been confirmed by historical materials and dictionaries of past dynasties. There is a very interesting historical event here, called "White Tiger View Conference", which was caused by the dispute over the study of classical Chinese. Ancient Confucian classics refer to the ancient Confucian classics before Qin Shihuang unified China. During the burning of books by the first emperor, it was almost destroyed, and only some buried books survived. Jinwenjing refers to the scriptures and explanations recited by the old Confucians in the early Han Dynasty and passed down from mouth to mouth, as well as the classics recorded by disciples in official script (Jinwen) at that time. People today are inevitably different from the characters in China's ancient classics. For example, there are many versions of the word "Tan" in The Book of Songs. At the White Tiger View Conference with the theme of "On the Similarities and Differences of the Five Classics", the emperor personally ruled that Tan, a poem by Mao, was an original (official script) and an ancient version of Qin Wei (small seal script). Qin Gong in Qin Gong Weiss is the monarch of Guo Qin.
(D) "Qin" and "salt (salt)" have the same origin and differences.
At present, the earliest Qin characters can be traced back to Shang Dynasty. Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the east of Yinxu Garden (No.370) has the word "Qin". Shang bronzes were the father Ding Jue, the self Jue and the elegant Fu Qin B? Ya Qin Zun, Fu Yi, Jin Jiangding, a bronze ware of the Western Zhou Dynasty, all have the word "Qin" in their inscriptions. Shuowen contains ancient prose and seal script. The Nine Classics was written by Liu Yun. Both The Chinese Dictionary and Ziyuan have pictures explaining the evolution of Qin characters, as follows:
Xiao Zhuan Qin word from halogen, today official script from the west. Shuowen is interpreted as: "Long taste also. Save your voice from x and salt. Poetry is honest and upright. Just cut. " The analysis of "Resources" says that "knowing sounds words". The characters in Shang Dynasty are in the shape of salt in the altar, and the characters in Western Zhou Dynasty are halogen, and the dots are like salt grains. "Contemporary scholars have put forward a new interpretation of the word' Qin' by studying the bronze inscriptions on Chu and Bamboo: Qin and salt (salt) are homologous but different. In ancient times, the lower part of the early glyph of' Qin' was container-shaped, and the lower part of the late glyph was vegetable-shaped, which was the same noun as' salt' and the same adjective as' long taste' (see the original text: Ji Tan Qin). According to the above information, the diagram of the difference between salt is as follows:
Generally speaking, the origin of Qin characters is the process of "Qin Qin", which can be traced back to the bronze inscriptions in Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Shang Dynasty, and then developed into seal script, official script and now regular script.