Alias: Yin Zhong, Zipu
Nationality: China (Qing Dynasty)
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of Birth: Shanyang County, Huai 'an District, Jiangsu Province
Date of birth:178165438+1October 8th.
Date of death: 184 1 February 26th.
Occupation: general
Major achievements: Fighting against the British in the Opium War.
Official positions: Jiangnan prefect, Guangdong navy prefect, etc.
Posthumous title: Loyalty Festival
Zhuifeng: General Wei Zhen
The Life of the Characters in Guan Tianpei's Works
Early Experience Guan Tianpei was a famous anti-British general in the Opium War. Guan Tianpei was born in a low-ranking martial arts family. 1803 (eighth year of Jiaqing, Qing Dynasty) was admitted to Wusheng, a scholar, and was awarded the general manager. He has been promoted to general manager, commander-in-chief, guard, guerrilla and general staff. 1826 (the sixth year of Qing Daoguang), in the early Qing Dynasty, more than 1,000 grain carriers from Guan Tianpei arrived safely in Tianjin, where they were promoted to lieutenant. The following year, he was promoted to the company commander of Susong Town in Jiangnan. /kloc-in the spring of 0/832, he was appointed as the prefect of Jiangnan. 1834 transferred to Guangdong navy as prefect.
Since he took over in Guangdong, he has been committed to strengthening the defense along the coast of Guangdong. After he took office, he personally surveyed the geographical situation, actively rectified the defense, built forts, fired heavy artillery, and built reefs for training. The coastal defense was very consolidated. He personally supervised the casting of 40 cannons with 8,000 kilograms and 6,000 kilograms, and hundreds of cannons with less than 6,000 kilograms, and separated the cannons to strengthen the defense force. At the same time, he stepped up the training of naval forces, personally stationed in Humen to exercise, and personally led 500 soldiers to Weiyuan, Zhenyuan, Hengtie, Dashui, Yong 'an, Gonggu and other places in late February and early August each year for actual military exercises and gun practice.
Guan Tianpei also compiled the experience of building Humen Fortress and collected relevant materials into four volumes, accompanied by many detailed maps, training charts and tables, which reflected his coastal defense thought of caring about current affairs and resisting aggression.
In the 19th year (1839), the Qing Dynasty appointed Lin Zexu, governor of Huguang, as an imperial envoy to south Guangzhou to preside over the anti-smoking campaign. Guan Tianpei not only actively cooperated with Deng Tingzhen, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, to crack down on opium smugglers, but also resolutely supported Lin Zexu's anti-smoking campaign and sent the navy to undertake the important and arduous task of collecting and destroying opium. * * * Collected more than 20,000 boxes of opium from British and American businessmen and gave them to Lin Zexu for destruction at Humentan. Because Guan Tianpei actively cooperated with Lin Zexu in the anti-smoking movement, he made great contributions and was awarded by the Qing court.
In September (1840), Lin Zexu was dismissed for investigation. Most local officials in Guangdong changed their attitude of "peace talks" with the British invaders, but Guan Tianpei remained unmoved and resolutely fought the main battlefield. On that year1February 10, Shajiao and Dajiao forts of Humen Fortress were captured by the British, and garrison commander Chen Liansheng was killed. Guan Tianpei is in Humen, with only a few hundred soldiers left behind. He repeatedly asked the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi for help, but he couldn't get strong help. At that time, Qishan, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, sent only 200 troops to perfunctory things. Guan Tianpei knew that war was irreversible, so he decided to serve his country with death.
In the twenty-first year of Daoguang (184 1), on the sixth day of February, the British army launched a general attack on Humen fortress, and 65,438 warships and three steamboats, together with landing troops, stormed Jingyuan fortress where Guan Tianpei was located. From noon to late at night, the fighting was extremely fierce. Guan Tianpei, who was over sixty, personally commanded and was wounded in more than ten places, but personally fired back at the enemy. The British commander gave Guan Tianpei an ultimatum to abandon the Humen Fort, but Guan Tianpei ignored it. That night, the British invaded the battery, and Guan Tianpei was cut in the left arm with a knife, injuring many places 10, but he still stood in front and shot himself. After being hit by a bullet, he was scarred all over, and he still shouted to kill the enemy.
(Historical lishixinzhi.com) In order to prevent the prefect seal from falling into the hands of the enemy, Guan Tianpei urgently ordered his entourage to take it away. The entourage grabbed his skirt in tears and asked to withdraw together. Guan Tianpei flatly refused, insisted on commanding and encouraged the soldiers to fight hard. Suddenly, the enemy fired another shell, and the veteran who was over 60 years old was unfortunately shot and killed. When Guan Tianpei died, his eyes were closed and he stood firm. When the British army saw that "Guan Tianpei stood as straight as alive, but he was terrified", they were all shocked. Finally, more than 400 soldiers guarding the fort all died heroically.
Historical records of Guan Tianpei
Biography of Guan Tianpei, clear draft.
Meat balls in Qing dynasty
General Wei Zhen was awarded the official biography of Guan Zhong Festival, the prefect of Guangdong Navy.
Yang Shan county annals
Guanzhong Jie family biography
Guan Tianpei family members
Madam: Yang.
The eldest son, Guan, worked as a garrison, guerrilla and general.
The second son: Guan, a captain of the attack cloud, and an alternate Tongzhi of Anhui.
Grandson: Guan Xianbao, hereditary riding a captain, the official is on the defensive.
Granddaughter: Guan Kaibao
Guan Tianpei's Historical Evaluation
Lin Zexu: After six years of solid gold soup, I asked who suddenly destroyed the Great Wall and put all my eggs in one basket. Double loyalty and the same obstacles? ? The smell of different species is also respectful, and the soul is like life.
Chen Kangqi: Whoo! When Geng and Xin were in the sea, Lin Wenzhong was the only civil servant who could rely on him to defend himself, followed by Yu Jing and Jie Er. The pro-minister means to come to Rong, and he is terrified. He will not flatter the Japanese pirates at all, for fear of losing his talents, so that people from poor islands wander the Bohai Sea and eat for profit. At that time, the discussion on building a house was accusing Wen Zhong of slandering Jing Jie with poverty. Also, the tongue burns the city, and heaven and earth are translocated. There are still people picking up saliva. As for Chen Zhongyu's guarding Wusong, Gezhuang Festival, Wang Gang Festival, Zhong Zheng Festival, Dinghai and Humen, they are all in the same boat, saving lives, avoiding the heavy and destroying our Great Wall. Gengzi lived in Haidong for the rest of his life, took the rumors of his elders, looked at the world changes in recent years, and wrote angrily. Do you want to be a weak and handsome person? , filling the dead ZhuZhongChen temple offering prison. Oh! What's the point?
Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty: Since the war, the coastal areas have not only been limited by military equipment and have no knowledge of the enemy's situation, but also relied on the uncertainty of peaceful war. Those who fear are defeated, and those who are brave are also defeated. A minister who specializes in lottery tickets, selfless sacrifice for the country, never leaving, but also seeking his own heart. Alas, Riji! Those who are in favor of this authorization are attached to the article.
The memory of Guan Tianpei's descendants
Guanzhong Street Gongci has an ancient and solemn ancestral hall in the east street of Chuzhou County, which was built to commemorate the national hero Guan Tianpei. It turned out to be three halls and two wings, surrounded by antique flower wall courtyards. On the altar, the statue of Guan Tianpei's official uniform is lifelike, with a pair of relatives on each side, holding swords and books respectively. There is a long plaque on the door of the hall, "Guanzhong Festival Public Temple". Lin Zexu's Nanmu elegy inscribed by Zhou Muzhai, a great calligrapher, hangs on both sides of the temple. Guan Tianpei Temple
Guan Tianpei's Tomb and Guan Tianpei's Tomb were built in Jiuyuan Village, Nanyao, Chengdong Township, with flowing water and towering pines and cypresses beside them. Together with Guanzhong Min Temple, it has become an important patriotic education base in Huai 'an.