When practicing imitation, you can start from the following aspects: First, imitate the composition title. The title is the eye of the article, and a good composition title itself is very attractive. Second, imitate the style of the article. The articles we have read include fairy tales, fables, narratives, expository essays, reflections after reading, poems, letters, diaries, various practical essays, etc. Different genres have different writing methods. Through imitation, we can quickly master these writing methods. . Third, imitate the narrative method. The more common narrative methods include chronological order, the order of development of events, the order of orientation, etc. There are also sequences, flashbacks, interludes, etc., which can be imitated according to the needs of your own writing. Fourth, imitation structure method. Some articles have a total score structure, and some articles have a total score structure, including the details of the article, the beginning and end methods, etc., which can be imitated appropriately. Fifth, imitate expressions. The expression of composition is ever-changing, such as metaphor, personification, symbolism, combination of movement and stillness, scene description, etc., which can all be imitated. Of course, there are many other aspects that can be imitated. As long as we read a lot, we can pick them up according to our own writing needs. But imitation is not the ultimate goal. The goal is to be able to use it flexibly and freely through imitation practice. 3. How to imitate an article
To imitate is to write an article that imitates an example article.
Generally speaking, from not being able to write to being able to write, from not being able to write well to being able to write well, all have to go through the process from imitation to creation. Students all know that reading extensively can accumulate a large amount of material for writing, and only then can you become more comfortable writing compositions.
On the contrary, if the basic skills of reading are not solid, it is impossible to write high-quality and high-level compositions.
Therefore, students must attach great importance to reading and analysis in Chinese classes, so that they can master certain writing methods and techniques and imitate compositions in a targeted manner.
Study the example text: When we study each text, we must not only understand what is written in the text and what thoughts and feelings the author expresses, but more importantly, we must also know what words and sentences the author uses. In what order and in what method was it written? Specifically, when reading and analyzing texts, students can start from the following seven aspects: 1) understand the topic; 2) understand the profound words and sentences; 3) correctly divide the paragraph levels and summarize the meaning of the paragraph or layer; 4) distinguish the article Prioritize and identify the content; 5) Find and understand the central sentence and summarize the central idea; 6) Pay attention to the connection and transition between paragraphs; 7) Find out the order in which the author observes the narrative. Reference examples: After clarifying the above issues, students can also combine the reading tips of this unit, choose appropriate topics, and use the writing methods learned in the textbook to practice composition fragments, so as to gain an understanding of the material selection and writing methods of the texts they have learned. Apply and consolidate to a proficient level.
In other words, when writing a composition, students can contact this unit or certain texts they have learned before to learn from their expressions; they can also read materials related to the theme of this composition to enrich their knowledge. Writing materials, improve cognitive abilities, and lay the foundation for independently completing compositions. For example, after we finish the lesson "Young Runtu", we are going to learn how to write this article and write a composition about writing about people.
In order to write this composition well, first ask the students to recall how the author described the characteristics of the young Runtu? By reading the original text, it is not difficult for students to see that the author not only captured the appearance (round purple face, a small felt hat on his head, and a shining silver collar around his neck), behavior, language, etc. of the young man Runtu Characteristics, and also selected typical events (catching birds, watching melons and thorns, picking up shells, watching jumping fish) to reveal the inner characteristics of young Runtu: rich knowledge, smart and capable, lively and cute.
Then ask the students to think about how to write about the person they want to write about? Based on the writing method of the lesson "Young Runtu", the students made it clear that they should: 1) describe the mother's external characteristics, but do not use eyebrows and beard, pay attention to embodying the key points, and must serve to highlight the central idea; 2) Use typical examples to reveal the inner characteristics of mothers: A. Small things in life - stingy; B. Educating and helping others - generous... In addition, students can also collect a series of materials based on life experience, but they must be based on You need to choose appropriately and choose materials that can highlight the characteristics of the characters. Review the new work: After selecting the materials, students should strike while the iron is hot and use self-study classes to complete the first draft.
Submit the first draft to the teacher for review in a timely manner. The teacher will classify the students’ work and provide preliminary review opinions: 1) Meet the requirements and describe the specific ones; 2) Meet the requirements and describe the more specific ones; 3) Basic It meets the requirements but the description is not specific; 4) It does not meet the requirements and the description is not specific. In this way, students can re-examine the composition requirements, make a positive or negative decision, and clarify whether their articles should continue to be revised, or do they need to re-select materials and write another one? In short, when reading and analyzing texts, students should not only master the main content of each article, but more importantly, while reading and analyzing the content of the text, they should also focus on studying the writing method of this article and flexibly apply it. When it comes to your own composition, treat every text in the textbook as a "composition example" to study and appreciate, and discover the uniqueness of the writing method. With such long-term and continuous accumulation, you will definitely write excellent compositions.
What needs to be noted is: 1) The main purpose of writing is to imitate the writing structure, order or method of the example article. The content must not be copied, nor can it be changed. The subject matter of the article must be re-chosen by yourself. 2) Before writing, you should carefully study the example essay, understand the content, summarize the writing structure and method of the example essay, and then imitate it to consider your own material selection, layout and expression.
3) The imitation subject matter must be familiar to you and must not be copied mechanically.
The narrative sequence or expression techniques must be consistent with the examples. In other aspects, you can be bold and innovative without restrictions.
Student Example 1 "Pick" Mom (150024) Class 2, Grade 6, Primary School, Harbin Third Power Generation Co., Ltd., Heilongjiang Province: Ji Haidong Which mother doesn't love her children, but my mother can "pick" her Deadly. (Go straight to the point, use contrasting techniques to highlight the difference between my mother - "cut".)
I remember one weekend, my mother and I went to the store to buy things, and I saw a mutton skewer selling at the door of the store. , looking at the burnt, yellow mutton skewers, I was salivating. So, I begged my mother in a low voice: "Mom, can you..." I couldn't say it in the end.
(The language characteristics are in line with the age characteristics of children.) "Can I do anything?" Mom said angrily.
"Can you buy some mutton skewers to try?" I mustered up the courage to say. "No, you can't get into the bad habit of eating snacks. Besides, eating that kind of thing will ruin your stomach!" Mom said firmly.
(In order to make "me" develop good habits, my mother made excuses not to buy me mutton skewers.) I knew that there would be no results if I continued to argue, so I said nothing more.
But I kept saying in my heart: "Mom is so stingy!" (The anaphora at the beginning highlights my mother's "stitching".) In life, my mother is very stingy to me, but in other aspects she is quite generous.
(Use transitional sentences correctly to lead to the following and make the article structure strict.) One day, during lunch, the teacher asked each student to order a book on writing.
I thought of my mother, who usually "picks" terribly. When I got home, I didn't know what to say. I stood beside my mother in silence for a while, then quietly walked over and whispered: "Teacher asked... ..." Before I could finish my words, my mother nodded happily and said, "Okay, okay!" My mother handed over the money to buy the books without hesitation. 4. How to copy an article
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Example: Hello, cool mountain spring! You hold up a bright mirror, do you want me to dress up again? Hello, gurgling stream! You are reciting little poems, are you inviting me to sing with you? Imitation: Hello, twinkling stars! Are you blinking your eyes to me? Hello, galloping Yangtze River! You push the waves ahead, do you want to invite me to compete in a relay race with you? Hello, lush trees! Are you opening that giant umbrella to protect me from the wind and rain? Hello, vigorous willow tree! You keep swinging the wicker, do you want to invite me to dance with you? Hello, bright sunshine! Are you spreading warmth all over the place to awaken my soul? Hello, trickling water! Is your crisp singing voice welcoming my arrival? Hello colorful wildflowers! Do you want to re-decorate the world with your charming fragrance? Hello, mysterious cave! You have pulled down the black curtain to perform the magic of nature? Hello, lively and cute little fish! You are looking at me in the river, do you want to play with me? Hello, flying butterfly! When you spread your wings, do you want me to fly with you? Hello, returning magpie! Are you flying on a tree full of new branches to dance for me? 2. Example: Picking up a fallen flower and holding it in my hands, I smelled the fragrance of nature; picking up a fallen leaf and counting its delicate texture, I saw the mystery of life contained in it. Imitation: Picking up a pile of soil and holding it in my hands, I smelled the earth's love for the seeds. Holding a trace of clear spring and tasting it carefully, I tasted the freshness and comfort of nature. Picking up a stone and holding it in your hands, I think you must have gone through hardships to become so perfect. Pick one 5. How to write an imitation composition
Imitation composition 1. Definition: Imitation is called imitation in ancient Chinese.
The so-called imitation composition is to select an ancient masterpiece, study its layout, decoration, charm and other techniques, and then imitate this article to write an article. Imitation is a writing method that copies and simulates the structure, expression techniques, language, conception, etc. of an article or paragraph according to the requirements of the topic.
2. Purpose: The purpose of this section is to understand the characteristics of imitation, understand the types of imitation, master the essentials of imitation, and improve writing standards through imitation training. Imitation is not a mechanical copying, but a skillful application after self-digestion.
The sample essays are just examples. It is the purpose to be inspired and enlightened by them, and ultimately to innovate and draw your own gourd. Reference theory: Since ancient times, many literati have attached great importance to imitation. If there is a sentence in someone's article that is not like the ancients, they will be denounced as a wild fox. There are people who are extremely opposed to imitation and believe that imitation kills the life of literature. murderers; in addition, there are some literati who adopt a moderate approach.
It can be said that there are different opinions among different schools. I think there must be a reason for the rise and popularity of every theory. Unfortunately, later generations often go too far and become obsessed with it, which leads to the anger of many people. However, the theory itself is not wrong.
We just need to bring it back to the right path, no longer go over the top, and no longer go astray. We know that there are methods for learning calligraphy such as tracing, copying, moving, facing and back.
If a new calligrapher does not start by copying and creates his own original work from the beginning, then he will not be able to learn calligraphy well. Of course, copying has its shortcomings. Those who keep copying will definitely not be able to reach the peak of calligraphy.
The same is true in mathematics. If the teacher does not teach some basic mathematical concepts, he will not give some questions on the blackboard as a demonstration; he will not give some questions as homework and give correction instructions; during the exam, he will not If some questions are given to test proficiency, can students learn it? The teacher does it once, and the students go home and do it again. This is called imitation in composition. Beginners to photography should first look at the works of famous artists to understand the techniques, and then imitate them. Over time, they will be able to create good articles with a certain realm.
The same goes for art study. Similarly, if you don’t start by copying famous ancient works when writing an article, you will definitely not be able to appreciate the beauty of the ancestral temples and the wealth of officials in ancient times.
Let’s take a look at the ancient master Yang Xiong who took the Book of Changes, The Analects of Confucius, and Erya to write Taixuan, Fayan, and Dialect. Han Yu, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, etc., all of them are familiar with ancient Chinese prose and imitate it, so that they can fully understand it, create new ideas, and become their own style.
Therefore, simulation should be a very important method. Imitation is a method of learning articles, but imitating articles is very hard work.
Students may reject it, because in the past it was "I write by hand and I speak". It was such a simple thing to write out what I thought. However, now they are controlled by the rules of ancient Chinese and cannot do whatever they want. Write whatever you want. Under the psychological factor of seeking refuge, it will naturally be rejected.
There are also ancient people’s opinions against imitation that can be used, so naturally there is more reason to reject them with all their strength. We should understand the value of simulation as a way to answer questions, and we should advise these weak people to face reality bravely instead of avoiding difficulties.
4. Principle: (1) What you imitate is the form and method, and your feelings and understanding are your own, so you must make your own ideas and speak your own words; (2) Imitation must be targeted and pay attention to imitation. Those things that inspire you; (3) Imitation should be done step by step and combined from point to point. 5. Method: Although imitation is necessary, it also has great shortcomings.
What should we do to improve the article without going too far? As mentioned earlier, the calligraphy techniques include tracing, copying, shifting, facing, and backing, etc. There are also methods of imitating articles, including dead imitation and live imitation.
People who are beginners in composition may not use enough words, have blocked ideas, and lack of information, so they can imitate some superficial articles. When your knowledge increases in the future, you will be able to imitate some high-level works.
When first imitating, it is good to be completely similar. If there is no way to be completely similar, there is no need to deliberately cut the feet to fit the shoes.
Cutting off feet to fit shoes is an act of imitation that is harmful, and that is an obsessive behavior.
Ancient people imitate articles and even abandon contemporary words and phrases, and choose ancient words instead. Anyone who insists on using ancient words, official system, place names, etc. instead of modern ones is also an obsessive behavior.
As for the advanced learning skills, you can imitate the abstract and brilliant rules such as style, momentum, spiritual principles and artistic conception. When you reach a higher level, you have to create your own style. If you can't create your own, and always just want to be very similar to ancient texts, then it will be difficult to reach the top, just like bees collecting flowers to make nectar, but there are no flowers in the honey; It's like brewing rice to make wine. After the wine is made, the dregs must be removed.
Han Yu learned Mencius’s writing skills, but Mencius can no longer be seen in Han Yu’s articles; another example is Ouyang Xiu’s learning from Han Yu’s articles, but there is no Korean in Ouyang’s articles. This is a completely different story. If future generations of literati learn ancient Chinese but fail to reinvent themselves, China's literary world will certainly not make the great progress it has today. Therefore, if you spend your whole life just imitating and not innovating, it is also a phenomenon of going too far.
Before copying, the article to be copied should be thoroughly analyzed. If you do not have this skill, you should consult the opinions of ancient and modern analysis and commentaries, or consult someone who understands the composition and modification, otherwise you will definitely It cannot be imitated very accurately. In addition, it is necessary to fully collect writing materials so that they can be used freely.
Imitation is an indispensable process in composition. It is advisable to imitate when you are a beginner. After you have learned a certain level, you still need to imitate, so that you can have a deeper understanding. Just like some masters who are good at calligraphy often imitate. Pro. So we must not ignore its value.
Lu. Classification: including four categories: imitation of structure, imitation of expression techniques, imitation of language, and imitation of intention. 6. How to teach writers how to imitate compositions. How to teach students to imitate compositions.
Guidance on imitating compositions for middle school students. "Imitation" is explained by the dictionary as "learning to follow a certain ready-made pattern."
Generally speaking, the acquisition of skills is inseparable from imitation. The same is true for middle school students writing essays. In order to transform the writing knowledge learned in and outside of class into abilities, one must imitate and learn from the articles they read. , get the essentials of writing from it, thereby improving your own expression ability. Imitation is a training method often used in middle school composition teaching. If students can be taught some imitation methods in a timely manner, they will definitely get twice the result with half the effort.
Mr. Ye Shengtao said, "Reading is absorbing, writing is pouring out", "Reading is the basis of writing." ("Two Basic Concepts in Chinese Language Teaching") It can be seen that the first step in imitation is to select model essays for in-depth understanding.
The sample essays come from selected texts in textbooks and extracurricular readings designated by teachers or chosen by students. These are the outstanding achievements of predecessors or other people's writings. They are of high taste, normative, exemplary and acceptable, and suitable for students to imitate.
Mr. Liu Guozheng said: "It is of great benefit to let students climb a high hill and look at the distant sea to broaden their horizons." ("A View on Writing Teaching") 1. Selection of model essays The selection of model essays is governed by the teaching purpose of each imitation training and has a clear direction. You cannot blindly read the essays at random, which will cause a waste of time.
For example, when teaching narrative writing in the first grade of high school, using the writing method of contrasting reality and fiction from the side and the front, Chekhov's "The Man in the Box" was selected as a sample text for students to analyze carefully. How does the article describe the main character Belikov? Learn how to write about people from it, and then apply this multi-angle method of writing about people to your own compositions. 2. The method of imitation. When students get some inspiration from the model essays, understand one or several expression essentials, and are eager to try it in their own compositions, they have reached the second step of imitation, which is to learn creative independent expression. , write articles with a certain depth and novelty.
There are methods to follow in imitation. These methods are various bridges between model essays and imitation essays, and should be chosen based on the needs of imitation. The first method of imitation is the imitation method, that is, writing an article that imitates the content of the model article.
It contains three situations. One is to write whatever is written in the model essay, and then write whatever is written in the imitation essay.
For example, using Jia Zuzhang's "Nanzhou June Lychees" as a model essay to write "Apricots in Hometown", it is required to use "apricots" as the explanatory object to combine materials and follow the main ideas of the model essay to illustrate.
The second is to imitate the main spiritual content of the model essay. For example, Zhu Ziqing's "Spring" was used as a model essay to write "The Footsteps of Spring", depicting the moving scene of the earth's return to spring and full of vitality, and praising the hope and strength that the vitality of spring brings to people.
The third is to change the perspective of the sample essay and still choose the materials in the sample essay to write. For example, using the text "Blessing" as a model essay to write "The Story of Sister Xianglin", all positive descriptions are used to portray the image of a woman who was deeply persecuted by feudal ethics.
The second method of imitation is imitation, which is to imitate the structure, expression techniques and sentence structure of the model to write your own content. It contains two situations. One is full imitation, which imitates the form of the original text as a whole.
For example, if you write "What should we live for", you can imitate the structural layout of Russell's "What I live for". Answer the proposition straight to the point, elaborate on the central part, and finally summarize it. Come up with the life principles you pursue. If you can write in a simple and natural way, "new wine in old bottles" and full of new ideas, it will be a better imitation article.
The second is point imitation, which only imitates one or two points of the model essay. The scope of imitation is very wide, including sentence structure, paragraph, beginning, end, association, observation, narrative, description, explanation, lyricism, discussion, etc. Various techniques can be used to imitate.
3. Imitation must be innovative. The third step in imitation is to let students understand that imitation is not simply copying the same thing, but mastering various writing methods on the basis of imitation. , and gradually innovated, and finally wrote a good article with its own unique insights. To achieve this goal, you need to pay attention to three points when imitating: First, you must determine the imitation point.
The imitation point refers to the point in the sample article that will be imitated. This point may appear in one place or in several places. This point is the connection point and similarity between the model essay and the imitation essay. Determining the imitation point is the key to imitation.
The determination of imitation points should not only be based on the characteristics of the model essay, from the most obvious and prominent writing characteristics in the model essay, but also based on the actual situation of the students. Only those that are suitable for students to imitate will work. Second, imitation should be natural and appropriate.
You must delve deeply into the selected model essay and understand the unique writing methods of the model essay, so that you can imitate the essence and express your own content in the form of others. Third, imitation should be done step by step.
Start by practicing partial imitation, and gradually proceed to complete imitation; start by practicing imitation of sentence segments, and gradually imitate structure, writing methods and expressions; start by being rigid and gradually achieve creative imitation. . By going from easy to difficult, from shallow to deep, from imitation to creation, imitation can truly achieve its goal.