A brief discussion of Du Fu’s personality and poetic style
Du Fu is the greatest realist poet in the history of our country. He was born in 712 AD. He lived in an era when the Tang Empire emerged from victory. An era of rapid change. Du Fu experienced the prosperous period of Tang Dynasty before the Anshi Rebellion, and also experienced the entire process of the Anshi Rebellion. He witnessed the people's poverty and poverty, and experienced a chaotic life with the people. Therefore, his thoughts and his behavior were closely related to that era. Du Fu's influence on Chinese classical poetry was very profound and was praised by later generations. Known as the "Sage of Poetry", his poems are called "History of Poetry".
1. Du Fu’s personality
?The attitude towards reality is an important factor that constitutes Du Fu’s personality. No matter how dark the reality is, how decadent the politics is, how declining the society is, Du Fu will never stand idly by and watch. He will boldly make his attitude clear and expose the facts. His persistence, frankness and courage to face reality and face difficulties are often reflected in his poems.
Strongness and optimism are another element that constitutes Du Fu's personality. Although Du Fu had moments of pessimism, he was not a pessimist. No matter how bad the situation was or how unfortunate he encountered, Du Fu would never give up his ideals or lose confidence. This kind of optimism and open-mindedness will also permeate into his poems, such as "Northern Expedition": "Everyone he met was injured, and his moans made him bleed more." It describes the people he met on the road, many of whom were traumatized and groaned in pain. The wound was bleeding. "The two little girls in front of the bed only have sex above their knees." In front of the bed were two daughters, mended old clothes barely above their knees. Faced with the current situation where the people were in dire straits and his family was in poverty, Du Fu was still not discouraged. "Looking up at the sky, I felt that the evil atmosphere was changing." When he looked up at the changes in the sky, he felt that the evil atmosphere was being eliminated. Always have faith in the country.
Du Fu’s optimism is by no means blind, but sober and closely integrated with the spirit of facing reality. Du Fu always pinned his hopes on political improvement rather than building his ideals in a paradise.
Love of life is the third element that constitutes Du Fu's personality. On the one hand, Du Fu stared at the dark side of life and revealed it without any whitewash; on the other hand, he was best at discovering the bright, beautiful and kind things in life. Du Fu also had a wide range of interests. He had high accomplishments in painting, calligraphy, music, and dance. Du Fu had a special sensitivity and love for nature. He loved all the beautiful things in life, and of course he hated the ugly things: "A new pine cannot be a thousand feet high, and an evil bamboo must be cut down by ten thousand poles." "Hate evil as well as trust." This gave him greater strength to expose political abuses and criticize all warlords, officials, and even emperors who harmed the people.
Reality, optimism, and love for life are the portrayal of Du Fu's personality, and they are also his charm.
2. Du Fu’s poetic style
In terms of language, Du Fu’s poetry is generally considered to have the characteristics of “depression”. The four words “depression and frustration” accurately summarize the language of his works, which is depressing. His poems are deep and subtle, and the ups and downs are the ups and downs of emotion, the ups and downs of tone and syllables. Let’s try reading his famous line, “The endless falling trees are rustling, and the endless Yangtze River is rolling in.” Describing the solemn and empty scenery in autumn, one sentence looks up and the other looks down, with an air of sparseness. While describing the scenery, he deeply expressed his feelings and conveyed the feeling that time is fleeting and ambitions are hard to achieve. Its realm is very majestic, and its touch to people is not limited to the sentimentality of old age. It also reminds people of the passing and finiteness of life, and the infinity and eternity of the universe. Through the melancholy and exquisitely crafted couplets, the poet's superb writing power is displayed.
Du Fu’s poetry has a variety of styles in style. Yuan Zhen commented on Du Fu: “As for Zimei, it is the so-called thin and coquettish one, which should be Shen and Song Dynasty, and win Su and Li. Qi devoured Cao and Liu, concealed his face, Xie's aloofness, and Zaxu and Yu's flowing and graceful styles, all of which combined the ancient and modern styles, and combined the unique characteristics of each person." Qin Guan also had a similar view: "The beauty of Du Zi is. It has a superb style, a very heroic spirit, a dilute interest, a handsome and clean posture, and a beautiful appearance, which are beyond the reach of other artists.
However, without gathering the strengths of all the families, the Du family cannot achieve this alone. "Du Fu also has a wild and unruly side. You can see Du Fu's heroic spirit from his famous work "Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking".
In terms of rhythm, Du Fu's poems are characterized by precise wording and neat counterpoints. In line with the "architectural beauty" of Chinese poetry, such as "The wind is strong and the sky is high, the apes are screaming in mourning, the white birds are flying back in the clear sand of Nagisa, the endless falling trees are rustling, and the endless Yangtze River is rolling in" is the embodiment of Du's superb word refining and counterpoint. In terms of genre, Du Fu made many innovations. For example, his creativity in the Five and Seven Rhythms is also a unique feature of his literary creation.
In terms of content, most of Du Fu's poems reflect the social outlook of the time and have a wide range of themes. It has far-reaching implications, especially describing the sufferings of the people, expressing his compassion for the people, loving things, and worrying about the country and the people. Du's poems are known as the history of poetry. This saying was first seen in the late Tang Dynasty, "When Du was in trouble on Mount Lu, he wandered to Yong, Long, and Shu. After completing the poems, it is inferred that they are hidden and almost nothing is left, so it should be called the history of poetry." It was concluded in the Song Dynasty, but the meaning of the history of poetry has its own theory. People think that Du's poems are documentary poems that can supplement history and prove history, so It is called the history of poetry.
In Du Fu's own words, "worrying about Li Yuan in his poor years" is his central idea, and "being willing to sacrifice one's life in times of prosperity" is his consistent spirit. It is also used to encourage friends.
3. The relationship between Du Fu’s personality and poetic style
The so-called personality refers to the unity of an individual’s unique traits and behavioral tendencies, also known as personality. . The formation of personality is based on innate temperament and acquired environment. The formation of Du Fu's personality is deeply related to his family background. This is mainly reflected in three aspects: Confucian influence, poetic tradition and. Personal childhood experiences.
Du Fu was very proud of his family background. He had been educated and influenced by Confucianism since childhood, and he had a sense of urgency, loyalty and forgiveness, a spirit of benevolence, and a heart of compassion taught by Confucius and Mencius. They all have a deep understanding and practice, and their desire for fame and strong concern for the fate of the country are also intrinsically linked to their Confucian concepts. While Du Fu received Confucian education, he was also deeply influenced by his family's poetry tradition. Du Shenyan, his grandfather, was well-known for his literary talents at the time. Du Fu highly praised his grandfather, whom he had never met. I will learn from it now" ("Jin Diao Fu Biao"). He regards Du Shenyan's poetic achievements as a family tradition: "My ancestor's poems are the most ancient" ("Gift to Senior Brother Luqiu, a Monk of Shu"), and He taught his son earnestly: "Poetry is my family's business" ("Zong Wu's Birthday"). He also said: "The law comes from Confucianism, and the heart is weak and tired" ("Ou Ti"), believing that the rules of poetry creation date back to the pre-Qin Dynasty. Confucianism has been around since he was a child, and his poems and articles were all based on Confucian classics. It is generally believed that Du Fu's poetic skills are in the same vein as Du Shenyan, and it is also reflected in his poems. , his reality, his optimism and open-mindedness, which formed his melancholy and inclusive writing style. His rigorous and persistent learning style is exactly what "my ancestor's poems are most ancient" and "the law comes from Confucianism, and the heart should never be weak and tired". The reason why his poems can reach a state of perfect contrast and profound content. ? 4. The influence of Du Fu’s poems on later generations
Du Fu’s poems have rich social content, strong color of the times and distinct political tendencies. They truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad scope of the historical era before and after the Anshi Rebellion. The picture of social life is therefore called the "poetic history" of a generation. There are also various artistic techniques, and it is the master of Tang poetry thought and art. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of Han and Wei Yuefu's "feeling of sorrow and music, and inspired by events", got rid of the shackles of the ancient Yuefu inscriptions, and created many new Yuefu inscriptions that were "famous pieces for the immediate situation, no longer to rely on". After his death, he was influenced by Fan Huang, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen, Bai Juyi and others vigorously praised him. Du's poetry also had a profound influence on the literary and artistic thoughts of Yuan Bai's "New Yuefu Movement" and Li Shangyin's modern allegorical poems about current events.
Du Fu did not receive much praise and attention during his lifetime and some years after his death. However, with the passage of time and the continuous development of art, people have increasingly realized the value of Du Fu's poetry. This value is not only It is not only reflected in the artistry of his poetry, but also in its moral influence. In the 20th century, the modern American poet Rex Ross believed that Du Fu was concerned about the love between people, tolerance and sympathy between people. With his rich and colorful artistic texts and rich personality practices, as well as the unity of his realistic personality and artistic personality, Du Fu has erected a monument of personality in the long river of Chinese history and culture, and will shine forever in the starry sky of the human spiritual world. Immortal brilliance.
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