Junior high school English grammar knowledge 1
object clause
1. The meaning of the object clause
The clause that acts as the object of the main clause is called the object clause.
She knows that the teacher has seen the film.
She knows that the teacher has seen the film.
"The teacher has seen this movie" is knew's object, and it is also a clause guided by the conjunction that, so it is called an object clause.
2. Classification of object clauses
(1) Verb object clause: As the name implies, it is the object clause after the verb.
He asked who wrote the best in our class. He asked who had the best handwriting in our class.
(2) Preposition object clause: As the name implies, it is an object clause located behind a preposition.
I agree with what you just said. I agree with what you just said.
(3) Adjective object clause: As the name implies, it is an object clause after adjectives.
I'm afraid I will be late.
3. Connectives that lead to object clauses
(1)that: it doesn't make sense, and it doesn't make a component in the object clause.
(2) when/if: indicating whether it is not a component in the object clause.
I don't know whether he still lives here after so many years. I don't know whether he still lives here after so many years.
(3) connecting pronouns: what, which, who, who (subject, object, table and attribute in object clauses)
Connective adverbs: where, when, how and why (as an adverbial in the object clause)
Children don't know what's in their stocks.
These children don't know what's in their socks.
Can you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning? (Why the adverbial of reason in the object clause)
Can you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?
4. Pay attention to two points when doing the topic of object clause.
(1) tense:
When the main clause is the present tense, the object clause can use any tense as needed.
I don't know when he will come back. I don't know when he will come back.
He told me that his sister came back yesterday.
② When the main clause is past tense, the object clause must be past tense.
She asked me if I knew whose pen this was. She asked me if I knew whose pen this was.
He said that he could finish the work before supper. He said that he would finish the work before supper.
(3) When sentences expressing objective facts or universal truths are used as object clauses, the simple present tense is always used.
The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun. The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.
(2) Word order:
Any clause uses declarative sentence order, and the object clause is no exception.
As long as students master the above contents, it is not a problem to deal with the topic of object clauses.
Junior high school English grammar knowledge II
Usage for
Used to refer to doing something.
Usage for
1. affirmative sentence: the word used has no personal change, and the verb prototype is followed by to.
Negative sentences are not used in … ...
When I was a child, I didn't like apples.
I didn't like apples when I was a child.
The form of this question is that you used to ...
Where did you live before you came here?
Where did you live before you came here?
2. In interrogative sentences containing used to, use dot+ subject instead of used don+ subject.
He used to smoke, didn't he?
He used to smoke, didn't he?
Yes, he did. /No, he didn't.
Yes, he does. No, he didn't.
Junior high school English grammar knowledge 3
Usage of preposition by
1. It means "beside" and "near".
Some people are singing and dancing under a big tree. Some people are painting by the lake.
Some people are singing and dancing under the big tree. Some people are painting by the lake.
It means "no later than" and "until"
Your son will be fine before dinner.
Your son will be fine before dinner.
How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term?
How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term?
3. Means of expression can be translated as "relying", "using", "relying", "passing" and "riding".
The monkey hangs from the tree with its tail and laughs.
The monkey hung from the tree with its tail and laughed.
The boy's father was very grateful. He taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
The child's father was very grateful. He taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
4. It means "one by one" and "batch by batch".
They walked across the table one by one in the dark.
One by one, they had to cross the table in the dark.
5. It means "according to" and "according to".
What time is it by your watch?
What time is it by your watch?
6. Used with verbs such as take and hold, it means touching a certain part of the body.
I took his hand.
I held his hand.
7. Used in passive sentences to express the subject of behavior, often translated as "Bei" and "You".
Many people speak English.
Many people speak English. Many people speak English. )
Junior high school English grammar knowledge 4
Must/May/Can/Can
1. Must
(1)must is a subjective opinion, which means "must".
You must stay here until I come back.
Must I hand in my homework now?
For the interrogative sentences guided by must, the affirmative answer is must, and the negative answer is needn or unnecessary.
For example:-Do I have to finish my home?
No, you don't.
(2)must can also express a positive guess, meaning "definitely, definitely", which is used in affirmative sentences.
The light is on, so he must be at home now.
Its negative form should not mean "no, no"
You can't play with fire.
You can't be late.
Step 2 be able to
The past tense of (1)can means "yes, yes", which means the past ability.
He can write poetry when he 10.
(2) In interrogative sentences, could indicates the tone of euphemistic request. At this time, could has no meaning of past tense.
Can you do me a favor?
May I use your pen?
Yes, you can. (Pay attention to the answer)
Step 3: Maybe
Maybe it's the past tense of May. When "possible" means speculation, it means that the possibility is lower than "possible" (at this time, "possible" has no past meaning), and when requesting to speak, it is more euphemistic than "possible".
He is not at school. He may be ill.
May I use your dictionary?
Step 4 be able to
(1) means ability, which is generally translated as "ability and talent", especially the innate ability.
For example, she can swim fast, but I can't.
(2) permission, often used in spoken English.
You can use my dictionary.
(3) It means "possible", which is often used in negative sentences and interrogative sentences. In this case, it cannot be translated as "impossible".
Will the news be true?
No, it can't be our teacher. He is visiting the Great Wall.
Junior high school English grammar knowledge 5
passive voice
The passive voice consists of the auxiliary verb be plus the past participle of the transitive verb. The auxiliary verb be changes in tense, person and number. The tense of passive voice is determined by the tense of be. What is the tense of be, what is the tense of the whole sentence, and the past participle after the be verb remains unchanged.
1. The passive voice structure of various tenses is as follows:
Simple present passive voice: subject +am/is/are (not)+ past participle.
Passive voice of simple past tense: subject +was/were+ past participle
Passive voice in present perfect tense: subject +have/has+bee+ past participle
Passive voice of simple future tense: subject +will+be+ past participle
Passive voice of past tense and future tense: subject +would/should+be+ past participle
Passive voice of past continuous tense: subject +was/were+being+ past participle
Passive voice of past perfect tense: subject +had+bee+ past participle
Passive voice of modal verbs: modal verbs +be+ past participle
2. The usage of passive voice
(1) Don't know or need to explain who the performer of the action is, and don't use the phrase by+ performer.
Football is widely played all over the world.
Football is widely played all over the world.
(2) Emphasize the recipient of the action.
The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon.
The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon.
(3) When making objective explanations, passive voice sentence patterns are often used.
It is reported that about 20 children in the United States died of the flu.
It is reported that about 20 children in the United States died of the flu.
3. Steps to change sentences in active voice into passive voice
(1) Change the object in the original sentence to the subject.
(2) The verb is changed to the passive form, that is, be+ past participle.
(3) The original subject, if necessary, is placed after by; If it is unnecessary, it can be omitted.
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