Teaching method: the combination of explanation, appreciation and students' carving practice.
First, the teaching purpose of seal cutting teaching plan
1, through the appreciation of calligraphy and seal cutting teaching plans, stimulate students' interest in learning calligraphy and seal cutting, understand the origin and categories of calligraphy and seal cutting in China, cultivate them with the beauty of calligraphy and seal cutting, and enhance national pride.
2. Through the explanation and demonstration of seal cutting, students can initially understand the basic technology and steps of printing management.
Second, the teaching focus and difficulties
1. Difficulties: How to control the direction, angle and strength of the knife during seal cutting.
2. Emphasis: the steps and methods of seal cutting printing.
Third, teaching AIDS and learning tools.
1. Teaching AIDS: a number of inscriptions in various fonts and works by famous calligraphers; Demonstration tools such as wolf hair fine print, carving knife, chapter materials (Qingtian stone, etc. ), rice paper, inkstone, ink, inkpad, sandpaper (thickness) round mirror, brush, etc. Two seal engravings for students to read carefully.
2. Learning tools: carving knives, writing brushes, ink, Qingtian stone or soap, potatoes, erasers, etc. , sandpaper, small round mirror, small toothbrush, brush, etc.
Fourth, the teaching steps
The first class:
(1) Organize teaching: check learning tools and guide students to listen carefully.
(2) Teaching new courses
1, the emergence and development of characters.
The history of writing in China began with the application of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty about 3,700 years ago. Express the oldest words with pictures, so that people can read their own language and understand their meaning at a glance. Later, due to practical needs, pictophonetic characters with both sound and meaning were produced, and the methods of transferring notes and borrowing were adopted, such as pictographic entity characters and pictophonetic characters. The creation of Chinese characters has developed along this road:
2, the classification of calligraphy:
All kinds of characters in the past dynasties can be roughly divided into five categories: seal script, official script, regular script, running script and cursive script.
(1) seal handwriting:
Oracle Bone Inscriptions-Shi Guwen-Shigu is a carved stone of Qin Dynasty, and the words carved on it belong to the system of Da Zhuan, which is also the earliest stone carving in China.
The inscription on Mount Tai of Qin-also known as the inscription on Qin-belongs to Xiao Zhuan, which is said to have been written by Li Si, the prime minister of Qin. Small seal script was changed from big seal script province.
(2) Official script:
According to legend, when Cheng Miao, a prison history, was in prison, he simplified the strokes and structure of The Story of Daxiao, making it easier to write. This font is used for official documents. At that time, the small official who wrote in office was called "official script", so this font was called "official script"
(3) Regular script:
Regular script, an original, evolved from official script and official script, with square font and similar size, which is of exemplary significance.
(4) Run the script:
Line writing is relatively fast and is often used to draft articles. There is no set of prescribed writing methods. Those who write regularly and close to regular script are called "running script", while those who write indulgently and close to cursive script are called "running script".
(5) cursive script:
Cao Zhang, also known as Li Chao, is characterized by the disintegration of official script, which tends to be simple and complicated, but the situation of official script still exists, and the differences between words are discontinuous; Today's grass is said to have evolved from Cao Zhang by Zhang Zhi of the later Han Dynasty. It is characterized by continuous body posture and bold brushwork, which is often the last stroke of the previous word, that is, the beginning of the next word.
3. Purpose and classification of seal cutting. Seal cutting is called seal cutting, and seal cutting is mostly seal characters, so it is called seal cutting. Seal cutting needs the perfect and ingenious combination of calligraphy, composition and knife cutting. In ancient times, the official rank or name was engraved on the surface of the seal to wear as a sign of gaining the trust of the other party. It still maintains its subordinate purposes, such as withdrawing money and certificates with public and private seals.
As an auxiliary art, seal is used in painting, calligraphy and other arts, or to explain the subject matter, author's name, creation year, collector and so on. , or increase the integrity of picture composition, which has become an important part of world works. Therefore, seal cutting, calligraphy and painting are often compared and called "stone calligraphy". A good Chinese painting requires four skills: poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing.
Judging from the production of seals, there are white seals (that is, negative seals), Zhu seals (positive seals) and Xiao seals. (For example)
From the meaning of words, there are name seal, other number seal, age seal and so on. (Refer to the textbook or illustrate different pictures with examples)
Judging from the position of seals in calligraphy and painting works, they can be divided into famous seals (names, nicknames, place names and time stamps are all printed under or behind the author's name) and leisure seals (such as poems, idioms, auspicious words and small seal patterns). , printed on the top or bottom corner of the work).
The border paragraph, engraved on one side of the seal, is like painting a poem, which can record the year of production, the author's emotion and the author's name.
Step 4 Design Yin Gao
(1) Seal cutting: Yin Gao plays an important role in seal cutting. When designing Yin Gao, we should first pay attention to the composition, such as how many words are included in the printed text, the number of strokes between words, the contrast of the density relationship, what arrangement should be adopted according to the shape of the printed surface, and how to divide the printed text.
In the design, we should not only take care of the overall harmony and balance, but also consider the mutual echo and connection between characters in local distribution, and learn to find the aesthetic feeling of space in the natural scattered and unbalanced spatial contrast. In the seal law, the font used in a seal must be in the same period and in the same direction.
(2) Arrangement method
A, surname, two-character name, printed without the word "seal". Suppose "He" is sorted as "He" in the right column and "Liu Yi" in the left column.
B, the surname (compound surname) is a double name, assuming that "Ouyang Qiuxiang" is ranked as "Ouyang" in the right column and "Qiuxiang" in the left column.
C, double surname, single name. Suppose Sima Guang is ranked as Sima in the right column and Guang in the left column.
D, single surname, single name, with "Wang Yueyin" in the seal, assuming that "Wang Yueyin" is listed as "Betty Wong" in the right column and "Wang Yueyin" in the left column.
E, some names are not arranged according to the general rule, and the "four-character" arrangement method is adopted, so that the names of the two words are inseparable, and the seal is rotated from the surname to the first name for perfection. Suppose (He Yin) is "He Yin" on the right and "Liu Yin" on the left. For beginners, we should start with the rules, and the party branch must not abuse the "palindrome".
Third, homework
Students go home to design their own Yin Gao, and pay attention to the harmonious treatment of composition and seal cutting.
Fourth, class summary. Arrange the equipment for the next class.
Second lesson
First, organize teaching.
Second, review the old lessons.
(1) Calligraphy art can be divided into several categories in terms of fonts?
② What is Zhu, what is white, and how many kinds of seal cutting are there? (Ask students questions and give a brief answer to what they have learned)
Third, teach new lessons:
Carving steps of seal cutting (subsection teaching, teacher demonstration)
① Writing Yin Gao: Choose paper with rough edges or other thin paper that can absorb water, cover the surface of the stone seal smoothed by sandpaper, press out the outline of the stone, and dip a small pen in the outline to write Yin Gao (ink instead of carbon ink). According to the designed Yin Gao, write it several times, and finally choose a seal that matches the composition satisfactorily.
(2) Yin Gao Stone (cross draft): After Yin Gao dries, repeatedly place the manuscript paper on the engraved printing surface, fix the four sides, apply it with clear water, and then quickly absorb the remaining water floating on it with absorbent paper. Then cover it with four layers of tassel paper or rice paper and rub it evenly with your nails, so that the ink draft is copied on the surface of the chapter. If you uncover Yin Gao and find that individual strokes are not clearly printed, you can draw them clearly with an ink pen, and then you can carve them with a knife.
(3) Knife method: punching knife method-including horizontal fist, vertical fist and reverse fist. Beginners can master the method of crossing punches from right to left first. When carving vertically, they can turn the seal upside down and carve horizontally. If holding a knife, the handle should be tilted to the right, and the ring finger should be pressed against the right edge of the printed surface to control the punching speed and avoid slipping.
Method of lettering: When lettering, the direction of knife transport should be from right (outside) to left (inside) or from top to bottom, or from bottom to top, whether it is on Bai Wen or Zhuwen. When carving arc lines, you should use a knife to rotate the stone, use stone rotation instead of the knife, and use "double knife" lettering. After carving a stroke, the lithograph should be rotated to 180 degrees, and then the unfinished side should be carved. The concave part of the printing surface is required to be inverted trapezoid, so that the lines of the seal characters appear to be changed, thick but not flat and thin, and the stone flavor is obtained.
④ Revision: After the seal is engraved, don't stamp it in a hurry, but review it from the overall composition. A small mirror should be printed on the surface, and the printing effect should be carefully checked, and it can be modified by adding a knife. Finally, brush off the stone chips with a toothbrush and press the inkpad to cover the white paper.
(C) Tour counseling, class summary
Correct the bad practices among students in time and demonstrate them on the spot so that students can see them more clearly. Praise the good works in time when they are found, and propose solutions to the problems among students in time.
Fourth, the teaching postscript
The schedule of this course is tight, and the content of the first class is more, but it must be thorough. Students must be arranged to design Yin Gao after class, and reference books can be used to help students find fonts, so as to facilitate the completion of the second class. The students in this class are very enthusiastic. It's best to help them buy carving knives and lithographs. Each student can buy it for more than one yuan, and the students are also very happy and the effect is better. Interested students can encourage more practice after class and give appropriate guidance.