Question 1: What kind of official is Tao Yuanming’s Jiangzhou wine sacrifice equivalent to today? Jiangzhou Jijiu: A position similar to the director of the state education department or the president of a state university.
Belongs to an important position and holds great power. This position was created by Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who was Wang Ningzhi's father. According to the records of "Song Book? Baiguan Zhixia", the Jin Dynasty "(states) have autonomous registers, and the number of people assigned to them depends on the state. There was no customization in the old days." In other words, the establishment and use of the establishment, powers and responsibilities of local officials in the Jin Dynasty were closely related to The personal will of local officials is closely related. Because of this, when Wang Xizhi was appointed governor of Jiangzhou, he was able to set up the post of Jiangzhou Jijiu "above the official position".
There is historical data to support the claim that Jiangzhou's job as a wine sacrificer is very impressive. According to the "Song Book? Baiguan Zhixia" records: "In the reign of Emperor Cheng of the Jin Dynasty in Xiankang, there was another person in Jiangzhou who held sacrificial wine, which was above the official position." Also, "the state's sacrificial wine was in charge of various Cao Cao, soldiers, thieves, and warehouses." , household, water, armor, there is no sacrificial wine in Yangzhou, the chief clerk manages affairs. "Look, this is not clearly stated, the director of seven provincial-level agencies. Bing Cao is in charge of military affairs, equivalent to the current director of the Security Department; thief Cao is in charge of thief affairs, equivalent to the current director of the Public Security Department; Cang Cao is in charge of warehouse affairs, also known as Gu Cao Li, equivalent to the current director of the Food Department; Hu Cao is in charge of civilian households, The ancestral priests and farmers are equivalent to the current director of the Civil Affairs Department, and of course their responsibilities are broader; the water conservancy construction is equivalent to the current director of the water conservancy department; the Kai Cao is in charge of military equipment and armor, and there is currently no corresponding position for this position. Reference position. To sum up, Jiangzhou Jijiu helped the governor of the state take charge of the military, public security, land rent, household registration, sacrifices, farming, water conservancy, weapons, etc., which were definitely important positions. Therefore, the position Wang Ningzhi gave Tao Yuanming was by no means the idle official position that people thought.
Question 2: Tao Yuanming’s official position? ! ? ! He once served as Jijiu in Jiangzhou, joined the army in Jianwei, joined the army in Zhenjun, and magistrate of Pengze County. He later abandoned his official position and returned to seclusion.
In the 18th year of Taiyuan (393) of Emperor Xiaowu, he was appointed as the wine minister in Jiangzhou.
In the fourth year of Emperor Long'an's reign (400), he went to Jingzhou and joined Huanxuanmen as a subordinate. In the winter of the fifth year of Long'an, he resigned and returned home because of the death of his mother.
In the third year of Yuanxing, he left home and joined Liu Yu as the governor of the army (some say Tao Yuanming joined Liu Yu after he captured Jiankang).
But soon after entering the scene, a dark phenomenon made him feel disappointed. Immediately afterwards, he resigned and lived in seclusion. In the first year of Yixi (405), he was transferred to the Ministry of General Jianwei and Jiangzhou Governor Liu Jingxuan as Jianwei to join the army. In March, he was ordered to go to Jiankang to resign on behalf of Liu Jingxuan. After Liu Jingxuan resigned, he also resigned. In the autumn of the same year, his uncle Tao Kui introduced him to serve as the magistrate of Pengze County. Eighty-one days after he took office, he met the postal governor of Xunyang County. The official said: "We should tie up our belts to welcome him." He sighed: "How can I do anything for him? He bowed down to the village boy with five buckets of rice, and then he was awarded the seal and resigned.
Question 3: How old was Tao Yuanming's official position at that time? What is it equivalent to today? Ren Jiangzhou Jijiu is equivalent to the current university president Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty and Cui Xian in the Ming Dynasty ("Record of Wang Zhongsu Gong Ao" The author of "Things") all served in the Imperial Academy
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Question 4: What is the largest official position Tao Yuanming held? Jiangzhou offered wine sacrifices, Huanxuan shogunate joined the army, Liu Yufu joined the army, and Peng Ze ordered Jiangzhou to offer wine: a similar position to the director of the state education department or the president of a state university. Belongs to an important position and holds great power. This position was created by Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who was Wang Ningzhi's father. According to the records of "Song Book? Baiguan Zhixia", the Jin Dynasty "(states) are under the autonomous register, and the number of people is placed according to the state. There is no customization in the old days." In other words, the establishment and use of the establishment, powers and responsibilities of local officials in the Jin Dynasty are closely related to The personal will of local officials is closely related. Because of this, Wang Xizhi was able to set up the post of Jiangzhou Jijiu "above the official position" when he was the governor of Jiangzhou.
There is historical data to support the claim that Jiangzhou's job as a wine sacrificer is very impressive. According to the "Song Book? Baiguan Zhixia" records: "In the reign of Emperor Cheng of the Jin Dynasty in Xiankang, there was another driver in Jiangzhou who held sacrificial wine, which was higher than the official position." Also, "the state's sacrificial wine was in charge of various Cao Cao, soldiers, thieves, and warehouses." , household, water, armor, there is no sacrificial wine in Yangzhou, the chief clerk manages affairs. "Look, this is not clearly stated, the director of seven provincial-level agencies.
The Bing Cao is in charge of military affairs, equivalent to the current director of the Security Department; the Thief Cao is in charge of thieves, equivalent to the current Director of the Public Security Department; the Cang Cao is in charge of Canggu affairs, also known as the Grain Cao Li, and is equivalent to the current Director of the Food Department; the Hu Cao is in charge of civilian households. The ancestral priests and farmers are equivalent to the current director of the Civil Affairs Department, but of course the responsibilities are broader; the water conservancy construction is equivalent to the current director of the water conservancy department; the Kai Cao is in charge of military equipment and armor, and there is currently no corresponding position for this position. Reference position. To sum up, Jiangzhou Jijiu helped the state governor take charge of the military, public security, land rent, household registration, sacrifices, farming, water conservancy, weapons, etc., which were definitely important positions. Therefore, the position Wang Ningzhi gave Tao Yuanming was by no means the idle official position that people thought. < /p>
In the 18th year of Taiyuan (393) of Emperor Xiaowu, he served as Jiangzhou Jijiu. After he resigned and returned home, the state called him again to be the chief clerk, but he also declined. In the fourth year of Emperor Long'an's reign (400), he went to Jingzhou and worked as a subordinate under Huanxuanmen. In the winter of the fifth year of Long'an, he resigned and returned home because of the death of his mother. In the third year of Yuanxing's reign, he left home and joined the army under Liu Yu's curtain (it is said that Tao Yuanming joined Liu Yu's tent after he captured Jiankang), and then resigned and lived in seclusion. In the autumn of the same year, his uncle Tao Kui introduced him to be the magistrate of Pengze County. He was appointed magistrate of Pengze County for eighty-one days, and he was awarded the seal and resigned after refusing to give in for five pecks of rice. Tao Yuanming's thirteen years of official life ended when he resigned as magistrate of Pengze County.
The county magistrate should be equivalent to the current county magistrate. Joining the army is an army staff officer, and it should not be big, otherwise there would be no such thing as "not giving up for five buckets of rice"
Question 6: How many times did Tao Yuanming serve as an official? He served as an official five times, including Jiangzhou Jijiu? Chief Secretary? Subordinate Official? Joining the Army? Pengze County Magistrate
In the 18th year (393 years), he served as Jiangzhou Jijiu. After he resigned and returned home, the state called him again to be the chief clerk, but he also declined. In the fourth year of Emperor Long'an's reign (400), he went to Jingzhou and joined Huanxuanmen as a subordinate. In the winter of the fifth year of Long'an, he resigned and returned home because of the death of his mother. In the third year of Yuanxing's reign, he left home and joined the army under Liu Yu's curtain (it is said that Tao Yuanming joined Liu Yu's tent after he captured Jiankang), and then resigned and lived in seclusion. In the autumn of the same year, his uncle Tao Kui introduced him to be the magistrate of Pengze County. He was appointed magistrate of Pengze County for eighty-one days, and he was awarded the seal and resigned after refusing to give in for five pecks of rice. Tao Yuanming's ten-year career as an official ended when he resigned as magistrate of Pengze County.
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Question 7: What does Jiangzhou Jijiu do? Jiangzhou Jijiu: a position similar to the director of the state education department or the president of a state university. Belongs to an important position and holds great power. This position was created by Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who was Wang Ningzhi's father. According to the records of "Song Book? Baiguan Zhixia", the Jin Dynasty "(states) have autonomous registers, and the number of people assigned to them depends on the state. There was no customization in the old days." In other words, the establishment and use of the establishment, powers and responsibilities of local officials in the Jin Dynasty were closely related to The personal will of local officials is closely related. Because of this, when Wang Xizhi was appointed governor of Jiangzhou, he was able to set up the post of Jiangzhou Jijiu "above the official position".
There is historical data to support the saying that the job of Jiangzhou’s sacrificial wine is very impressive. According to the "Song Book? Baiguan Zhixia" records: "In the reign of Emperor Cheng of the Jin Dynasty in Xiankang, there was another person in Jiangzhou who held sacrificial wine, which was above the official position." Also, "the state's sacrificial wine was in charge of various Cao Cao, soldiers, thieves, and warehouses." , household, water, armor, there is no sacrificial wine in Yangzhou, the chief clerk manages affairs. "Look, this is not clearly stated, the director of seven provincial-level agencies. Bingcao is in charge of military affairs, equivalent to the current director of the Security Department; thief Cao is in charge of thief affairs, and is equivalent to the current director of the Public Security Department; Cangcao is in charge of warehouse affairs, also known as Gucaoli, and is equivalent to the current director of the Food Department; Hucao is in charge of civilian households, The ancestral priests and farmers are equivalent to the current director of the Civil Affairs Department, but of course the responsibilities are broader; the water conservancy construction is equivalent to the current director of the water conservancy department; the Kai Cao is in charge of military equipment and armor, and there is currently no corresponding position for this position. Reference position. To sum up, Jiangzhou Jijiu helped the state governor take charge of the military, public security, land rent, household registration, sacrifices, farming, water conservancy, weapons, etc., which were definitely important positions. Therefore, the position Wang Ningzhi gave Tao Yuanming was by no means the idle official position that people thought.
Question 8: Tao Yuanming served as an official for several years. Tao Yuanming (about 365-427), whose courtesy name was Yuanliang, had the posthumous title of Mr. Jingjie, and the nickname Mr. Wuliu. In his later years, he changed his name to Qian. . When you say the name is latent, the character is bright. After his death, his relatives and friends privately named him Jingjie, and he was known as Mr. Jingjie in the world.
He worked as a minor official for several years, then resigned and went home to live in seclusion.
Question 9: Why did Tao Yuanming want to be an official? ), in the 18th year of Emperor Xiaowu's Taiyuan year (393), with the desire to "help the common people", he served as a wine sacrifice in Jiangzhou. At that time, the clan system was very strict. He was born in a common family, was looked down upon by others, and felt unworthy of his official position. He retired after a few days. ("The Biography of Tao Qian, Book of Jin") After he resigned and returned home, the state summoned him to be the chief clerk again. He also resigned. In the fourth year of Emperor Long'an (400), he went to Jingzhou and served as a subordinate of Huanxuan. At this time, Huanxuan was controlling the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, waiting for the opportunity to usurp the power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Of course, he refused. Like Huan Xuan, he became the confidant of this ambitious man. He wrote in his poem: "How can I leave this place and go as far away as West Jing?" "("Xin Chou went on vacation in the seventh month of his life and returned to Jiangling for a night tour") There is a sense of remorse for the official Huanxuan. "How can I be drowned in love when I was born in love for a long time? "("Two Poems from the Capital in the Fifth Month of the Year of Gengzi") expressed a deep sigh for the official life of relying on others. In the winter of the fifth year of Long'an, he resigned and returned home due to the death of his mother. Yuanxing In the first month of the first year (402), Huanxuan raised his troops to fight against the imperial court, invaded Jiankang, and seized the military and political power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the second year of Yuanxing, Huanxuan publicly usurped the throne in Jiankang, changed the country to Chu, and imprisoned Emperor An in Jiankang. Xunyang. He worked hard in his hometown and financed his own business. He closed his door and chanted: "I live under the Heng family, and I am isolated from the world." No one knows that the Jing Fei is always closed during the day. "It expressed disdain for Huan Xuan's proclaiming the emperor. In the third year of Yuanxing, Liu Yu, general Wu of the Jianjun Army and prefect of Xiapi, joined forces with Liu Yi, He Wuji and other officials to attack Huan Ping from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). Huan Xuan was defeated and went west, taking Emperor An who was imprisoned in Xunyang to Jiangling. He left home and joined the army under Liu Yumu (it is said that Tao Yuanming joined Liu Yu after he captured Jiankang). When Liu Yu led his troops to attack Huan Xuan, he imitated the story of Tian Chou who was loyal to the Eastern Han Dynasty and traveled in disguise. He disguised himself and traveled privately. He ventured to Jiankang and told the story of Huan Xuan's kidnapping of Emperor An to Jiangling. He reported to Liu Yu and completed his mission. He was extremely happy about the usurper's desire to fight, and wrote a poem to express his ambition: "Forty years old, I am unknown, and I am not afraid. I have a famous car, and I have a famous horse." Although it is thousands of miles away, who dare not reach it! " (Chapter 4 of "Rongmu") After Liu Yu entered Jiankang, his style was also quite extraordinary. The politics of the Eastern Jin Dynasty had long been suffering from the long-standing corruption phenomenon of "hundreds of officials wereted and slack". After Liu Yu's " "Leading by example" (leading by example), first with the rectification of the ban (imposing a majestic ban in advance), "all officials inside and outside were solemnly dedicated to their duties, and customs were changed." His character, talents, and achievements are quite similar to Tao Kan's He had a similar feeling for him, but not long after he entered the scene, he saw that in order to eliminate dissidents, he killed the whole family of Diao Kui and the innocent Wang Yu and his son, and based on his personal feelings, everyone thought that he was a traitor. Huanxuan's confidant Wang Ji was appointed to the important official position of Yangzhou Governor. These dark phenomena made him feel disappointed. "My eyes are tired of the different mountains and rivers, and my mind is on the mountains and rivers." "We chatted and changed, and finally returned to Banshenglu." Then he resigned and lived in seclusion. In the first year of Yixi (405), he transferred to General Jianwei and Jiangzhou. In March, he was ordered to go to Jiankang to resign on behalf of Liu Jingxuan. In the autumn of the same year, his uncle Tao Kui recommended him to serve as magistrate of Pengze County. One day, when I saw the mail sent by Xunyang County, the official said: "We should tie up our belts to welcome him. He sighed: "How can I bow down to a village boy for fifty buckets of rice?" "So he was awarded the seal and resigned. Tao Yuanming's thirteen years of official life ended when he resigned as magistrate of Pengze County. These thirteen years were his constant attempts, constant disappointments, and final despair in order to realize his ideal ambition of "great help for the common people". Thirteen years later, he wrote the poem "Returning to the Past", expressing his determination to break with the upper ruling class and not join the world.
Question 10: What are the three stages of Tao Yuanming's life (1), pastoral study.
Tao Yuanming was born in Chaisang, Xunyang (now southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province). He spent his boyhood and youth in Chaisang Village near the Yangtze River, Poyang Lake, and Lushan Mountain. He has lived in this beautiful place since he was a child. Before the age of 29, he basically lived a pastoral life of study, received a good education, and participated in a certain amount of labor:
Young people rarely have people, and travel is good in the Six Classics. "Drinking")
It is full of joy, but it is difficult to sing songs ("Self-sacrifice essay")
There is no suitable rhyme, and the nature is to stand up.
("Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields")
He has a strong ambition to travel all over the world, and his thoughts are far away. (Part 3 of "Naked Ancient")
Some may beat the soil for self-pleasure, or some may greatly benefit the common people, but it is useless to leap forward. ("Reflecting on Scholars but Not Encountering Fu")
I rarely study music and calligraphy, and I love to be quiet. When I get something out of the book, I happily forget to eat. When I see the shade of trees and the birds changing their voices, I feel happy again. He said that in the middle of May and June, he was lying under the north window, and when a cool breeze came, he claimed to be Emperor Xi. ("Yu Ziyan and others") Only when he was thirty years old did he "go to Lei to study as an official" ("Drinking") There is also "The Biography of Mr. Wu Liu". This article is a self-report of the poet. Xiao Tong once said in "The Biography of Tao Yuanming": "Yuanming rarely has high interests. He tasted the "Biography of Mr. Wu Liu" to describe himself... People at the time called it a true record." Life made Tao Yuanming very interested in Lao-Zhuang's theory in his early years, and at the same time he was deeply influenced by Confucianism. He was full of love for nature and full of fantasies of making achievements.
(2), Shiguan Shiyin 29-----41
In the 13 years from Tao Yuanming's 29th to 41st, he lived a life of officialdom - leisurely life - officialdom ——The turbulent life of idleness. Because it means living in peace and quiet, it is called Shiguan Shiyin.
Tao Yuanming was driven by the idea of ??making great achievements and benefiting the people, and coupled with the difficulties in life, Tao Yuanming became an official. However, the dark reality made it impossible for him to implement his ideals, and his life as an official was very unsatisfactory. He served as an official several times and retired to live in seclusion. During this period, he served four times as an official:
The first time, at the age of 29, he went out to serve Jiangzhou. Soon he resigned and lived at home for five or six years. At this time, his illusions about the ruler were not completely shattered, nor did his ambition completely disappear.
I was a poor person in my hometown, so I started to offer wine for the state. I couldn't bear the official position, so I was relieved and returned home after a few days. (Xiao Tong's "Biography of Tao Yuanming")
The second time, at the age of 36 (one theory is 33), he came to Jiangling and became an aide to Huan Xuan, the governor of Jingzhou and Jiangzhou. Tao Yuanming was disgusted by the farce played by Huan Xuan, and he was unwilling to join the others, so he began to plan to live in seclusion. At the age of 37, his mother passed away, and Tao Yuanming resigned from his post and returned home. From the age of 37 to 40, Tao Yuanming lived in seclusion in his hometown for three years. At this time, he was in a happy mood, wrote a lot of poems, began to participate in labor, and began a life of hard work. The two poems "Nostalgia for the Ancient Farm House at the Beginning of the Year of Guimao" were written at this time, expressing the author's joy when he was working hard. But at this time, he just "keep chanting to cover the firewood gate and talk about being a citizen of Long Mu", and he had not made up his mind to return to farming completely, so he became an official for the third time.
Born in love for a long time, how can I be drowned here? It is good to meditate on the garden, but the world is good. ("In the middle of the fifth month of Gengzi's year, he was still blocked from the capital in Guilin")
He kept chanting to cover the firewood gate, talking about being a citizen of Longmu. ("Nostalgia for the Ancient Farm House at the Beginning of the Year of Guimao")
His third official career. When Tao Yuanming was 40 years old, Liu Yu conquered Huan Xuan and restored the capital, becoming the general of the town army. Tao Yuanming, with illusions and doubts, served as Liu Yu's commander and joined the army. But as soon as he took office, he had already made mental preparations to go into seclusion again. Soon, Liu Jingxuan, the general of Jianwei, resigned from the army and resigned and returned home.
Tou Ce ordered me to dress in the morning, and I was temporarily separated from the garden. The lonely boat passed away, and I returned to Siyu. ("A Zuo, a classic song for suppressing the army and joining the army")
His fourth official career. Shortly thereafter, in August of the same year, at the age of 41, Tao Yuanming became Peng Zeling. This was the last official position in his career. He served as Peng Zeling for only eighty days before he completely abandoned his official position and retired to seclusion.
His "Return to the Preface to the Ci" has a more detailed explanation of the time from being an official to resigning. The poem also described the mood and fun after returning to the fields. When explaining the reason why he resigned from Pengze and returned, Xiao Tong's "Tong Tao Yuanming Biography" has a different statement:
At the end of the year, the posthumous governor of Hui County arrived by mail, and the county officials asked: "Ying Shu Take him to see him." Yuanming sighed and said, "How can I bow down to the village boy for five buckets of rice?" That day, he resigned from his post and wrote "Return to the Country". ("The Biography of Tao Yuanming")
Regarding the reasons for Tao Yuanming's retreat, "Return to the Preface" and Xiao Tong's "Tong Tao Yuanming Biography" mentioned two... >>