Xiang Yu
Xiang Yu (232 BC-202 BC) was born in Xia Xiang (now Suqian, Jiangsu). The grandson of Xiang Yan, a famous Chu star, the leader of the peasant uprising in ancient China, a famous strategist and the strongest military commander in history! No, it's overlord Chu. After Chu's death, the Xiang clan was massacred, and he and his younger brother Xiang Zhuang went into exile with their uncle Xiang Liang in Wuzhong (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). When he was young, Xiang Liang asked someone to teach him calligraphy and poetry, but he soon got tired of it. Hou Liang asked someone to teach him martial arts again, but he didn't learn it quickly. Liang is furious! Ji said: "Learning literature can only remember names, and learning martial arts can only be worth one hundred. If you want to learn, learn from ten thousand enemies! " So Liang taught him the art of war. But after studying for a while, he didn't want to learn, so Liang had to let him go. He is eight feet tall and can carry a tripod. When he was young, he was ambitious. When Qin Shihuang visited Zhejiang (now Qiantang River), Xiang Yu saw his horses and chariots in awe and blurted out, "He can replace him (I can replace him)." In the first year of Qin Ershi (2009), Chen Sheng and Guangwu rose up in osawa, and Xiang Yu responded with Xiang Liang's assassination of Yin Tong, the satrap, and sending troops to Wuzhong. In this campaign, Xiang Yu single-handedly killed nearly 100 guards of Yintong, showing his unparalleled martial arts for the first time! Twenty-four-year-old Xiang Yu was thus pushed onto the historical stage by the storm of the people's uprising.
Zhu Wen (852-9 12) was born in Dangshan (now Dangshan, Anhui) in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and was born in Dangshan on October 21st in the sixth year of Tang Dynasty (AD 852). At first I joined the Huang Chao Uprising Army, and later I went to the Tang Dynasty. He was named all-middle school by Tang Xizong. When the emperor established the back beam, it was renamed Huang, meaning "the light of the sun", and the temple was named Mao.
When Zhu Wen was young, he and his mother worked as housekeepers in Liu Chong's home in Xiaoxian County. After joining the peasant uprising army led by Huang Chao, he joined the army in Chang 'an. In the first month of the second year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (882), Huang Chao took Zhu Wen as the defense envoy of the same state (now Dali, Shaanxi). In September of the same year, Zhu Wen surrendered in the middle of Tanghe River (now Yongji West, Shanxi Province) and I made Wang Chongrong. Xuanzong appointed Zhu Wen as General Jin Wuwei, recruited him as the deputy envoy of Chonghe Zhongyin Camp, and named him Quanzhong. The following year, Xuanwu Army moved to our embassy (now Kaifeng, Henan) and recruited the Northeast. In four years, Quan Zhong and Li Keyong jointly suppressed the Huang Chao Uprising Army. In the following ten years, Zhu Quanzhong gradually annexed the Central Plains and Hebei provinces by virtue of the superior geographical conditions of Bianzhou (now Kaifeng, Henan). Tianfuyuan year (90 1) sealed Liang Wang. In the same year, Prime Minister Cui Yin called Quan Zhong to enter the customs and murdered eunuchs. The eunuch robbed Fengxiang (now Shaanxi) and took refuge in Li. Loyalty and righteousness attacked Fengxiang, and Mao Zhen repeatedly lost. Three years later, in a daze, Mao Zhen was forced to kill the eunuch who robbed Zhao Zong and sent Zhao Zong out of the city. After Zhao Zong returned to Chang 'an, Quan Zhong tried his best to punish eunuchs and abolish magic soldiers. From then on, Zhao Zong completely controlled Quan Zhong and became a puppet. In the first year of God bless (904), Quan Zhong forced Zhao Zong to move to Luoyang, and immediately sent someone to kill him and set up his son (Eddie). Later, he was demoted and killed more than 30 officials, including Prime Minister Dugu. In four years, Li Daitang was abolished as emperor, renamed Huang, and became Emperor of the Back Beam. Kaifeng, its capital (once moved to Luoyang), is commonly known as Liang, which is known in history. Gaiyuan Kaiping. It also opened the chapter of five dynasties and ten countries.
Before Zhu Wen proclaimed himself emperor, he paid more attention to agricultural production. He once regarded Zhang as Henan Yin to restore Luoyang's production. In the second year of Kaiping (908), the states were ordered to eliminate locusts and benefit farmers and mulberry. In the past three years, the two taxes could not be matched, and the county officials were forbidden to "collect greed", which reformed the accumulated disadvantages of the Tang Dynasty. However, he fought with Li Keyong and Li Liannian, the nobles of Shatuo in Taiyuan, and lost a lot of manpower and material resources, and gradually lost his military superiority. He is cruel by nature and kills innocent people. In his later years, due to the undecided heir to the throne, the internal contradictions of the royal family were sharp. He worked for two years (9 12) and was killed by his second son Zhu.
This is the famous politician and jurist of Wei in the early Warring States period.
Li Kui (former 455- former 395)
Wei was a famous politician and jurist in the early Warring States period, also known as Li Ke. In some ancient books, Li Ke was also written as "Li Ke" or wrongly written as "Li Dui" and "Ji Chong". Li Kui was from Wei Wenhou when he arrived in Wuhou. He was a disciple of Xia Zi and Zeng Shen, and a guardian of Zhongshan and Shangdi. Shangdi is Hexi, so I often fight with Qin people. Huan Tan thinks it's the master, while Ban Gu and Gao You think it's the phase. Due to the lack of records in pre-Qin documents, it is difficult to prove this theory. But what is certain is that Li Kui can participate in the secret and become Hou Wen's confidant. Sima Qian said, "Wei tried his best to strengthen the monarch with Li Ke." Ban Gu called Li Kui "a rich country, Qiang Bing". These records show that Wei contributed a lot to his prosperity.
Li Kui believes that "for the country's way, eat hard for merit, reward those who have the ability, punish those who have the ability", and "seize the wealth of the adulterer and be surrounded by scholars". Distinguishing rewards and punishments and appointing people on their merits were very popular legalist ideas in the Warring States period. At that time, many countries became rich and strong because of the implementation of these ideas.
As far as economic strategy is concerned, Li Kui's main proposition is to educate people as much as possible. He believes that the harvest of the field is in direct proportion to the labor paid for it. "Diligent in the field, three fights will benefit, and if you are not diligent, you will lose." Others believe that high food prices are not good for civilian industry and commerce, while low food prices hurt farmers. People who are good at ruling the country must take into account the interests of both civil servants, industry and commerce and farmers. He pointed out that a small family of five, in addition to food and clothing, taxes and sacrifices, also loses money in 450 yuan every year, which is the reason why farmers live in poverty and are not at ease with their fields. In view of this situation, he formulated the leveling method, that is, the harvest year was divided into three grades: large, medium and small, and the grain was collected from farmers in proportion; Famine years are also divided into big hunger, medium hunger and small hunger. Grain harvested in famine years and bumper harvest years is distributed to farmers, and so on. In this way, food prices in famine years will not skyrocket, and farmers will not flee or disperse because of this. Because we can "take more than we can make up for it" and "if the country goes to Wei, it will be rich and strong."
The compilation of Classic of Law is a great contribution of Li Kui to the legal system. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin and Zheng made a tripod or a book of punishment and published new legal provisions. In the Warring States period, with the change of historical conditions, more and more new written codes appeared. Li Kui "wrote the laws of various countries" and amended six laws, including theft, thieves, prisoners, arrests, miscellaneous items and equipment. Theft refers to criminal activities that infringe on property. Thieves are guards and will be executed in serious cases. Peeping into the palace and picking up the remains will be punished by licking and gouging out, which shows that even if there is only a motive to occupy other people's property, it still constitutes a criminal act. The Thief Law is a provision on the crime of homicide and injury, which stipulates that whoever kills one person dies and loses his home and his wife's home; Whoever kills two people loses his mother's home. Prison and Arrest are two articles about illegally catching thieves. The content of miscellaneous laws covers a wide range, including the following categories: ① obscenity. It is forbidden for a husband to have two wives or a wife to have one husband. (3) sly prohibition. Piracy related crimes, discuss national laws and regulations. 3 city ban. A rule prohibiting people from crossing the city. 4 banter is forbidden. Gambling is prohibited. (5) only prohibited. People are forbidden to gather. 6 gold ban. Officials are prohibited from corruption and bribery. If the Prime Minister is required to take bribes, all localities will be punished, and all those who take bribes below Xi will be put to death. Law is the general principle and preface of code. After the appearance of Fa Jing, Wei used it all the time, and it was brought to Qin by Shang Yang. Qin law was born out of law, and Han law inherited it, so law played a very important role in the history of ancient Chinese law.
Li Kui's works are recorded in History of Han, in which 32 are Li Zi of Legalism and 7 are Li Ke of Confucianism. Ten Plums written by a military tactician may also be written by Li Kui. Li Kui's thoughts and techniques belong to the category of Legalists, so most of his works belong to Legalists. Because he has a certain relationship with Xia Zi School, some of his works are inevitably Confucian, and it is not unreasonable to list them as Confucianism in Yiwenzhi. The above three works have long been lost, but in the Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were some strange works handed down from generation to generation. Such as Zhu Zhu and Li cited in Wenxuan Fu. Because Li Ke and he are two people in Hanshu, many scholars in later generations think that they are legalists and Li Ke is Confucian.