"Enlightenment of Rhythm"
Compilation: Qi Meng
Yidong 1
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1 Yidong: "Dong" refers to "Eastern rhyme", which is a rhyme part of "Pingshui rhyme" (also called "poetry rhyme") in the Song and Jin Dynasties. "Dong" is called Yunmu, which is the representative character of this rhyme part. There are many words in Dongyun, and their main similarity is that the finals are the same (of course referring to the pronunciation of the Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Song Dynasties). For example, in the following three paragraphs, the word before each period is wind, The 15 characters including Kong, Chong, Gong, Dong, Gong, Hong, Weng, Tong, Tong, Qiong, Tong, Tong, Rong, Hong, etc., although the finals in modern Chinese are not exactly the same, they all belong to the Eastern rhyme. If it is a metrical poem, these words can rhyme with each other. "One" refers to the order of Eastern rhyme in Pingshui rhyme. Pingshui rhyme is divided into 106 rhyme parts according to the four tones of Ping, Shang, Qu and Ren. Because there are many characters in Ping tones, it is divided into upper and lower parts. Dongyun is the first rhyme part in Shang Ping tones. The following situations such as "Second Winter" and "Three Rivers" are also the same and will not be explained one by one.
Clouds versus rain, snow versus wind. Evening light against clear sky. The coming hong is facing the departing swallow, and the local bird is facing the singing insect.
Three-foot sword, six-jun bow1. Lingbei faces Jiangdong. The Qingshu Palace in the world, the Guanghan Palace in the sky 2.
The willows and willows are green at dawn on both sides of the bank, and the apricot blossoms are red in the spring rain in the garden.
The wind and frost on the temples are the guests who set out early on the journey; the misty rain on the raincoat is the sign of the old man fishing by the stream at night3.
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1 This couplet is two allusions. The first couplet comes from "Historical Records: The Benji of Emperor Gaozu". Liu Bang, the founding monarch of the Han Dynasty, once said: As an ordinary citizen, I took over the world with a three-foot-long sword. The second line comes from "Zuo Zhuan". There was a warrior named Yan Gao from the state of Lu. The bow he used was six jun (jun is the ancient unit of weight, one jun is thirty kilograms), and it took 180 kilograms of strength to pull it open. 2 Qingshu Palace: a palace in Luoyang. Guanghan Palace: "Miscellaneous Records of the Ming Emperor" says that Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty visited the Moon Palace on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival and saw the plaque "Guanghan Palace of Qingxu" hanging on the gate. Later generations used Guanghan Palace to refer to the Moon Palace. 3 times: The army is temporarily stationed, which extends to a general short stay. Tuci means journey.
Along the opposite leather, different but the same. White official versus Huang Tong 2. The river wind is against the sea fog, and Muzi is against the fisherman.
The Yan Lane is poor and the road is poor3. Northern Hebei versus Liaodong. Wash enough water in the pool, and the wind blows outside the door 4.
The Liang Emperor gave lectures at Tongtai Temple, and the Han Emperor set up Jiu Weiyang Palace 5.
The worries of dust linger in my heart, and I am lazy to caress the seven-stringed green silk; my temples are covered with frost, and I am ashamed to look at the hundred-refined bronze 6
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1 Along: follow and do it as it is. Ge: change, transformation. 2 Huangtong: The child of Huangkou, that is, a child. Yellow, yellow mouth, there is a yellow edge around the beak of a young bird, which disappears when it grows up, so the yellow mouth refers to a young bird. 3 These are two allusions. The first couplet comes from "The Analects of Confucius Yong Ye", Yan refers to Yan Hui (ziyuan), a student of Confucius. Confucius praised him and said: "With a basket of food and a ladle of water, people can't bear the worries in the back alleys, but they won't change their happiness when they return. How virtuous it is to return!" (Eating food from a bamboo basket, drinking a ladle of cold water, living in In the remote alley, others could not bear this kind of poverty, but Yan Hui did not change his happy mood. "Yan Hui is such a wise man!" The second couplet is from "Book of Jin·Biography of Ruan Ji". Ruan refers to Ruan Ji (also known as Si Zong), who was born in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. He was well-read and well-versed in the learning of Lao and Zhuang. He was one of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest. "Book of Jin" records that Ruan Ji often drove his horse around randomly, crying and returning when he had no way to go. Poverty, to the end of..., here refers to the point where there is no way out. 4. Zhuo (sound zhuó) Zuoshui: There is a sentence in Qu Yuan's "The Fisherman": "The water in the Canglang is clear, and I can wash my tassel; the water in the Canglang is turbid, and I can wash my feet." Therefore, the water in the Canglang refers to sewage. . Headwind: The headwind encountered when sailing. 5 Emperor Liang: Xiao Yan, Emperor Wu of Liang in the Southern Dynasties. He believed in Buddhism and often studied Buddhist scriptures with eminent monks at Tongtai Temple. Emperor of Han: Liu Bang, the founder of the Han Dynasty. He once hosted a banquet for officials in Weiyang Palace in Chang'an and accepted their congratulations. 6. Worry: Worry about trivial matters in the world. linger: entangle. Green Qi: The name of the Qin. It is said that Sima Xiangru in the Han Dynasty once played the Qin to woo Zhuo Wenjun, and Zhuo Wenjun responded with the Green Qi Qin. Shuanghua: that is, frost flower ("Hua" is the ancient word for "flower"), which refers to white hair. Hundred-refined bronze: refers to the mirror. The ancients used bronze mirrors to look at their faces.
The poor versus the rich, the barrier versus the common. The wild old man versus the creek boy.
The sideburns are green to the eyebrows, the teeth are red to the lips.
Tian Haohao, Ri Rongrong 2. Sword versus bow 3. Half of the stream is green, and thousands of trees have fallen flowers.
The wild swallows wear the willow rain, and the fish in the fragrant pond play with the lotus wind4.
The woman has slender eyebrows, and a crescent moon appears under her forehead; the man is strong, with a rainbow emitting from his chest.
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1皤 (sound pó): white. Green: This refers to cyan and black. Hao: white. 2 Haohao: It looks vast and boundless. Rongrong: It looks like the heating is rising. 3. To wear a sword and to bend a bow: These two phrases can be regarded as verb-object phrases, that is, to wear a sword and to bend a bow; they can also be regarded as partial phrases, that is, to wear a sword and to bend a bow. Either way, fight. 4芰(sound jì): a kind of water chestnut. The two corners are water chestnuts and the four corners are water chestnuts.
Two Winters 1
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1 “Winter” and “Eastern” Modern The pronunciation of Mandarin Chinese is exactly the same, but the pronunciation was different in the Middle Ages (mainly due to different rhymes), so they belong to different rhymes.
Spring versus summer, autumn versus winter. Evening drum versus morning bell 1. Watch the mountains and play with the water, the green bamboos and the pines.
Feng Fuhu, Ye Gonglong2. Dancing butterflies versus chirping crickets 3. There are two purple swallows with mud in their mouths, and several wasps with honey in their mouths4.
The orioles in the garden are Chacha in spring, and the geese are flying outside the Great Wall in autumn.
The Qinling Mountains are covered with clouds, covering a distance of eight thousand miles; the Wushan Mountains are washed by rain, and the twelve dangerous peaks of Saga6 are high.
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1 In ancient temples, drums were beaten in the evening and bells were sounded in the morning to tell the time.
2 These are two allusions. The first couplet comes from "Mencius: Ending Your Heart". Feng Fu, a native of the Jin Dynasty, was good at killing tigers and made a career out of it. Later, she stopped killing tigers and was called a good scholar. Once in the wild, he encountered a group of people chasing a tiger. Feeling itchy, he rolled up his sleeves and got out of the car to hunt the tiger. The scholars laughed at him. Later generations used "Feng Fu" to refer to those who returned to the old business. The second couplet comes from Liu Xiang's "New Preface: Miscellaneous Things" in the Western Han Dynasty. Ye Gongzi Gao claimed to like dragons, and various dragon figures were carved and painted everywhere in his house. After Tianlong heard about it, he showed up at his house. When Ye Gong saw it, he was frightened out of his wits. Later generations used "Ye Gong" to refer to people who superficially like it but not really like it.
3 Cricket (pronounced qióng): In ancient times, small insects such as locusts, cicadas, and crickets could all be called crickets, here they refer to crickets.
Lesson 4: Here is the meaning of "working for...", "Lesemi" means gathering honey. "Ke" originally refers to tax collection. The ancients often used "ke" and "Serve" together, so "Ke" also means "service (labor)".
5 Qiaqia: onomatopoeia, the cry of an oriole. Du Fu's "Seven Quatrains Walking Alone by the River Looking for Flowers" said, "Huang Si's mother's house is full of flowers, with thousands of flowers hanging low on the branches. Butterflies hang around and play, and the orioles are singing at ease." Yongyong: onomatopoeia, the cry of wild geese. "The Book of Songs·Beifeng·Gao You Bitter Leaves" has "Yongyong's singing of wild geese, the rising sun is beginning to dawn" (The wild geese are singing in the Yongyong ground, and the rising sun is shining in the east).
6 The source of the first couplet comes from Han Yu's "Moving to Languan from the left to show his nephew Xiang". The whole poem is "A letter to the Nine Heavens in the morning, and a banishment to Chaozhou Road in the evening." ) To get rid of the bad things, where is my family in the Qinling Mountains? I know you have come from afar, so I can collect my bones by the Zhangjiang River. look. 寯 (sound cuō): The appearance of a high and dangerous mountain. Risk: high.
Light versus dark, light versus dense. Superior wisdom versus moderation1. The mirror and the dowry are opposite to the clothes and robes, and the wild pestle is to the village pound.
The flowers are bright and the grass is velvety3. Nine summers versus three winters 4. Taigao's famous opera horse, Zhai trumpet Panlong 5.
Bi Zhuo holds crab claws in his hand, and Wang Gong wears a crane cloak.
The Wulao Peak is as high as a jade pen in the sky; the Sangu Stone is as big as the sound of wind and rain as if it were a golden yong7.
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1 Zhongyong: Originally refers to doing things that are impartial and just right. Here it means middle-level talents.
2 Lian (sound lián): Mirror box, used by ancient women to store their dressing utensils. 笥 (sì): a square container made of bamboo or reed, mostly used to hold clothes. Pestle (pronounced chǔ): a wooden mallet used for pounding rice. Place rice, corn, etc. in a mortar and pound it with a pestle to remove the rough skin. 舂 (sound chōng): here refers to the mortar.
3 Guangming (yin Zhuoshuo): a continuous word, like a flower in bloom. Meng Rong: Lian Mian Ci, the appearance of lush grass.
4 Nine summers versus three winters: There are three months and ninety days in summer, so it is called nine summers; there are three months in winter, so it is called three winters. "Nine" and "three" can also be regarded as imaginary numbers. "Nine summers" and "three winters" both refer to a long time.
5 These are two allusions. The first couplet comes from Li Daoyuan's "Shui Jing Zhu·Sishui" in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Xi Ma, the name of the stage, is also called Ma Ma Stage, located in the south of today's Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province. It is said that Xiang Yu once galloped his horse here for fun. The second couplet comes from "Book of Jin·Volume 85·Biography of Liu Yi". Panlong (panlong), the name of the study. Huanxuan, the son of Huanwen, the great Sima of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, once built a study in Nanzhou, which was full of dragon patterns and was called Panlongzhai. Pan and Pan have the same meaning here.
6 These are two allusions. The first couplet comes from "Shishuo Xinyu·Ren Dan" and "Book of Jin·Bizhuo Biography". Bi Zhuo, a native of Jin, once told people after drinking that it was enough to spend his life peeling off crab claws in his left hand and holding a wine glass in his right hand while swimming in the wine pool. Break (sound bò), separate, peel off. Crab claws (pronounced aó), the two large front legs of a crab, are a delicacy that goes well with wine. The second couplet can be found in "Shishuoxinyu·Qixian" and "Book of Jin·Biography of Wang Gong". Wang Gong from Jin Dynasty wore a cloak made of crane feathers and rode in a carriage in the light snow. Meng Chang spied him between the hedges and said, "This is really a fairy." Crane cloak (pronounced chǎng), a coat made of crane feathers.
7 Wulao: The name of the mountain peak. It is located in the south of Lushan Mountain in Jiangxi Province and consists of five small peaks. Sangu: The name of the mountain peak, consisting of three small peaks, in today's Anhui. Jinyong: a musical instrument, a large bell made of bronze.
Benevolence versus righteousness, yield versus respect, Yu and Shun versus Xi Nong1. Snowflakes are like cloud leaves, peony is like hibiscus.
Chen Houzhu, Han Zhongzong 2, embroidered tiger versus carved dragon 3. There is a light breeze in the willow pond and a thick moonlight in the flower garden.
It is a good time to watch butterflies in the morning in spring, and smell crickets in the autumn night.
If a warrior wants merit, he must rely on fighting to become brave; if a common man wants to achieve his ambition, he must rely on poetry and wine to nourish his leisurely mind.5
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1 Yu, Shun, Xi (sound xī), and Nong: refer to Xia Yu and Yu respectively Shun, Fuxi, and Shennong are the four legendary sage kings from ancient times.
2 Chen Houzhu: Chen Shubao, the last emperor of Chen in the Southern Dynasty. Chen Shubao, whose courtesy name was Yuanxiu, was mediocre and dissolute. He was captured by the Sui Dynasty and died in Chang'an. Zhongzong of Han Dynasty: Liu Xun, Emperor Xuan of Han Dynasty. Liu Xun was the great-grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He reigned for 25 years and made great achievements. Ban Gu called it "the great contribution to the ancestors and the legacy of the descendants. It can be called ZTE."
3 Xiuhu: Refers to Cao Zhi, the son of Cao Cao of Wei State during the Three Kingdoms period. He was outstanding in writing and was known as Xiuhu at that time. Diaolong: Liu Xie (named Yanhe), who led the Liang Dynasty, wrote the book "Wen Xin Diao Long", which is very famous.
4 update (sound gēng): experience, experience.
5 borrow (sound jiè): to rely on, to rely on. Shu (a.k.a. "踈") careless: being lazy and comfortable.
Three Rivers
The building faces the pavilion, the door faces the window, and the huge sea faces the Yangtze River. Rong Shang is against Hui Zhang 1, and Yu Zhi is against Yin Zhi 2.
Green cloth curtain, green oil building 3, sword against gold vat 4. Be loyal to the country, and be loyal to the country. 5.
Shizu Zhongxing Yanmawu, King Jie lost his way and killed Long Pang 6.
The autumn rain is falling, and the path is full of brilliant yellow flowers; the spring breeze is blowing, and the sparse green bamboos are filling the windows7.
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1 Rong: Hibiscus. Cymbidium: also known as Cymbidium and Peilan, a kind of orchid. The ancients believed that these two were herbs that gentlemen liked to wear.
2斝 (sound jiǎ): an ancient copper drinking utensil. 釭 (sound gāng): lamp. According to Pingshui rhyme, this character also has another pronunciation: gōng, which is a Dongyun character and means the iron collar embedded in the hub of the car for inserting the axle.
Three buildings (sound chuáng): an ancient ceremonial flag decorated with feathers. It also refers to the sutra pillar used in Buddhism. There are two types of sutra pillars: those in which Buddhist sutras are written on round long cylindrical silk umbrellas are called sutra pillars, and those in which Buddhist sutras are carved on round stone pillars are called stone pillars. This word also has another meaning, which refers to the curtain hung on a car or ship. The pronunciation is zhuàng, which belongs to the rhyme of 绛绛 in the declining tone. Here, the pronunciation of the former and the meaning of the latter are used to form a contrast, which is a kind of "borrowing".
4釭: The original text is "jar", which is a mistake. Liu Xi's "Shi Ming" of the Eastern Han Dynasty said that the dialects west of Hangu Pass called arrow clusters "筭". Jinzhi, an arrowhead made of metal, only with this meaning can it compete with the "sword".
5 Sheji: country. She and Ji refer to the temples dedicated to the Earth God and the Grain God respectively. They are the most important temples in the country, so they are used to refer to the country.
Sharp tongue: an eloquent mouth, referring to a talker who only talks but does not do anything. Home state: country. State, country.
6 These are two allusions. The first couplet comes from "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The Biography of Ma Wu". Shizu refers to Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu. He was called the Lord of ZTE because he led the overthrow of the new dynasty established by Wang Mang, established the Eastern Han Dynasty, and restored the world under the Liu surname. Ma Wu, named Zizhang, was brave and good at fighting. After a banquet, Liu Xiu climbed up to the Congtai with Ma Wu alone, invited Ma Wu to be a general, and led his elite troops to ride on Yuyang up the valley. Ma Wu was very grateful to Liu Xiu for his kindness, so he was loyal and made outstanding achievements in the war. After Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor, Ma Wu was named Capture General Yang Xuhou and was one of the twenty-eight generals of Yuntai. Yan, please. The second couplet comes from "Zhuangzi: Human World". King Jie refers to Xia Jie, the subjugated king of the Xia Dynasty. It is said that he was very cruel. Long Pang (sound páng) refers to the virtuous minister Guan Longfeng of the Xia Dynasty ("Pang" is the common word for "Feng", and "Feng" here should also be read as páng). Xia Jie was dissolute, Guan Longfeng repeatedly spoke out and remonstrated, and was later imprisoned and killed.
7 Yellow Flower: This refers specifically to chrysanthemum. Fushu: The appearance of plants scattered in an orderly manner.
The flags are against the flags, the buildings are against the buildings, the homeland is against other countries. Thousands of mountains are against thousands of rivers, and nine rivers are against three rivers2.
The mountains are precarious, the water is gurgling, and the drums vibrate against the bells3. The breeze blows in the wine house, and the white moon shines on the book window 4.
On the battlefield, he turned against Xin Zhou and fought, and the sword on the side of the road was 5.
In summer, there are pairs of gulls bathing in the waves along the pond; under the curtain of spring breeze, swallows come and go in pairs.
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1旆 (pèi): a kind of flag. Cover: Car cover, a device erected on the car in ancient times to protect it from the sun and rain. Its shape is similar to the current umbrella. Zhuang: A curtain hung on a car or ship. This is a borrowed word. Please refer to the previous note.
2 Jiuze: refers to the nine lakes located in Jiuzhou during the dynasty. The names recorded in each book are slightly different. The more common ones are: Juqu (Wu), Yunmeng (Chu), Yang Hua (Qin), Dalu (Jin), Putian (Liang), Mengzhu (Song), Haiyu (Qi), Julu (Zhao), and Dayu (Yan). (See "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals: Youshi") Sanjiang: The names of the three rivers in ancient times are quite different in each book. The "Three Rivers" in "Shang Shu Yu Gong", according to Lu Deming's "Classic Selections" of Tang Dynasty, refer to Songjiang, Weijiang and Dongjiang.
3 Zhen: Vibration, extended to the meaning of being struck.
4th Qing Dynasty: "Enlightenment of Rhythm and Detailed Explanation of Poetry Rhythm" is written as "凊" (sound qìng), and has annotation: "凊, cool, cold. The original book uses the word '凊', in fact, as 'Qing' can also be used, with the same meaning, and the confrontation is more neat in terms of level and level."
5 defection: turning the weapon upside down and pointing it at one's own army means rebellion. Xin Zhou (sound zhòu): King Zhou of Shang Dynasty, the subjugated king of Shang Dynasty. According to the "Historical Records·Yin Benji", King Wu of Zhou attacked King Zhou of Shang. Eight hundred princes who originally belonged to the Shang Dynasty also rebelled at the same time. They met with King Wu in Mengjin. During the decisive battle in Muye, King Shang's own army also mutinied in front of the formation. , King Zhou of Shang was defeated and burned himself to death in Lutai. Ziying: The son of Fusu, the eldest son of Qin Shihuang. According to "Historical Records: The Chronicles of the First Emperor", after the death of the First Emperor of Qin, his youngest son Hu Hai succeeded to the throne and was called the Second Emperor of Qin. Later, Zhao Gao killed Hu Hai, established his son Ying, removed the imperial title, and was called the King of Qin. Just 46 days after Ziying succeeded to the throne, Liu Bang's army attacked Bashang near Xianyang, the capital of Qin. Ziying surrendered to Liu Bang in a plain chariot and white horse by the roadside, and was later killed by Xiang Yu.
Camp 6: Build. Base: the original meaning refers to the military camp, here it is extended to refer to the swallow's nest.
Baht is against two, only double 1, Huayue is against Xiangjiang. Chaoche is against forbidden drum, Suhuo is against plug cylinder 2.
Green Suo Gate, blue screen window 3, Hanshe vs. Zhou Bang 4. The sound of sheng and Xiao is subtle, and the sound of bells and drums is heard.
The name of Qiluan in charge of the book is listed, but the surname of Zhan Ji in Zhizhong is Pang6.
When Su Wu herds sheep, the snow often feeds on the North Sea; when Zhuang Zhou lives squid, the water must depend on the Xijiang River7.
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1 baht (sound zhū): an ancient unit of weight, twenty-fourths of a tael. One baht.
2 Chao (sound zhāo): morning. Forbidden: In ancient times, it was forbidden to walk outside at night, which was called forbidden night. The extended meaning here is night. Cylinder: "Enlightenment of Rhythm and Detailed Explanation of Rhythm of Poetry" is written as "釭", annotation: "The original text is called 'cylinder', which is doubtful, so it is regarded as '釭'. Ziao, lamp. Please refer to the previous note."
3 Qingsuo: A green chain-like pattern carved on doors and windows for decoration. 闼 (sound tà): door, sometimes specifically refers to the small door in the palace.
4she: the abbreviation of Sheji. See previous note.
5 搐搐 (sound chuāng): bell sound.
7 These are two allusions. The first couplet comes from "Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Qiu Lan Biography". Qiu Lan (also known as Xiang, Yu Jizhi) of the Eastern Han Dynasty served first as the chief of Pu Pavilion and later as the chief registrar of Pu County (both were low-level officials of the county government). He was able to educate the people with morality and had remarkable political achievements. Wang Huan, who was the city commander at that time, saw it and said: "The thorns are not a place for the phoenix to live." He also gave him one month's salary to express his encouragement. The second couplet comes from "The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms and the Chronicles of Shu". During the Three Kingdoms period, Pang Tong was as famous as Zhuge Liang. He was the magistrate of Leiyang County but failed to manage the county well and was dismissed from his post. Lu Su recommended to Liu Bei: Pang Tong is not qualified to govern small counties. At least let him be an assistant to the chief executive of Zhongzhong and Biejia (both are assistants to the chief executive of the state level), so that he can display his talents like a thousand-mile horse. Ji, a thousand-mile horse.
6 These are two allusions. The first couplet comes from "Hanshu Biography of Su Wu". Su Wu was a native of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty. He was sent as an envoy to the Xiongnu and was detained by the Xiongnu. He slept on the ice and swallowed snow for several days without dying. Chang'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty. The second couplet comes from a fable in "Zhuangzi: Foreign Things Chapter". Zhuangzi (named Zhou) met a squid trapped in a rut with a small amount of water on the road. It was already dying. The fish asked Zhuangzi for help. Zhuangzi said: I am going to Wuyue (today's Jiangsu and Zhejiang). When I arrive, I will build a dam to block the Xijiang River and let the water in the Xijiang River rise to save you.
Four? Branches
Tea to wine, poems to poems, swallows to orioles. Planting flowers versus planting bamboo, falling catkins versus hairsprings 2.
Four-eyed Jie, one foot Kui 3, robin versus egret 4. There is half a pond of red lotus root and a rack of white tea root.
A few gusts of autumn wind can wait for 6, and a plow of spring rain can be expected.
If his wisdom is deep, his countrymen will swallow the charcoal of deformation; if his virtue is great, the people of the city will erect a monument of tears7.
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1 Fu: A literary style in ancient my country, which usually uses an elaborate way to describe scenes and narratives. , popular in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties.
2 Falling catkins: falling willow catkins. Gossamer: Spider thread floating in the air.
3 Four-eyed Jie (sound jié): Jie refers to Cangjie (also known as Cangjie), the legendary creator of writing. It is said that he has "four eyes of aura". After creating writing, "the sky rains millet, Ghosts cry at night." Yizu Kui (sound kuí): There are two versions of this allusion. One of them comes from "The Classic of Mountains and Seas: Great Eastern Classic", which says that Kui is a monster, like a cow, with green hair, no horns, and only one leg. Another theory can be found in "Han Feizi·Wai Chu Shuo" (lower left)). Kui is a person's name, and it is Yuezheng (the official in charge of court music) of Yao (one says Shun). Duke Ai of Lu heard that "Kui has one foot" and thought that Kui only had one foot. He asked Confucius about his feet, and Confucius said, "Kui is one foot, not one foot." (Having one person like Kui is enough to manage music well, not that he only has one foot). However, as the legend has been going on for a long time, it has gradually emerged that Kui is the god of music with only one leg. The image of Kui with one foot is drawn on the lacquerware of the scholar from the Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha. From the perspective of confrontation, it is better to understand it as "the god of music with one foot".
4 Yugui (pronounced qǘyǜ): the name of the bird, commonly known as myna.
5衡萏 (pronounced hàndàn): lotus. Tumi (pronounced túmí): also written as 酴鄄,酴酾, also known as woody vine, a kind of vine with white flowers in late spring.
Six horoscopes: a term in meteorology, one horoscope is five days, and there are 72 horoscopes in a year. Here is the meaning of solar term and season.
7 These are two allusions. The first couplet comes from "Warring States Policy·Zhao Ceyi". Zhibo was a powerful official of the Jin State at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and the beginning of the Warring States Period. Due to the power struggle within the ruling class, he was executed by Zhao Xiangzi and Han and Wei. Previously, he had treated Yu Rang, a knight-errant, as a national scholar. In order to repay Zhi Bo for his kindness, Yu Rang decided to avenge Zhi Bo. He applied raw lacquer on his body to make the skin sore, shaved off his eyebrows and hair, swallowed red-hot charcoal to change his voice so that others could not recognize him, and attempted to assassinate Zhao Xiangzi many times. The second couplet comes from "Jin Shu Biography of Yang Hu". Yang Gong is the honorific title given to Yang Hu, a native of Jin Dynasty. Yang Hu was in charge of all military affairs in Jingzhou. He served for ten years and was diligent and close to the people. He was deeply loved by the people. After his death, the people of Xiangyang burst into tears and stopped market transactions to mourn him. Later, his subordinates erected a monument and built a temple in Xian Mountain, where Yang Hu had played and rested before his death. They held sacrifices every year, and all those who saw the monument shed tears. Later generations called this stele the stele of tears.
Go versus stop, speed versus delay, sword dancing versus go 1. The flower paper corresponds to the cursive characters, and the bamboo slips correspond to the hairy cone 2.
Fen Water Cauldron, Xianshan Stele 3, Tiger and Leopard vs. Bear 4. The flowers are blooming red and beautiful, and the water is rippling with green glaze5.
My wife left to visit her neighbor’s jujube family, but my wife left to plant sunflowers in the back garden 6.
The flute rhymes harmoniously, and the fairy pipe just falls from the clouds; the oars sound, and the fishing boat is moving into the snow7.
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1 Go: This is not a noun, but a verb-object structure, so it can be compared with “dance” Sword" constitutes a confrontation.
2 Bamboo slips: A kind of bamboo slips (also made of wood) used for writing in ancient times. They are usually compiled into volumes. Hair awl: A writing brush. The tip of the writing brush is made of hair and is shaped like an awl, hence its name. This name comes from "New History of the Five Dynasties: Biography of Shi Hongzhao". Shi Hongzhao once said: The long sword Dahan relies on to stabilize the country and quell unrest. What is the use of a "mao awl"?
3 Fenshui Ding: According to the "Historical Records: The Chronicles of Emperor Wu", Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty obtained an ancient tripod in Fenshui, so he changed the reign name to "Yuan Ding". Xian (sound xiàn) mountain stele: the stele of tears, refer to the previous note.
4罴 (pí): a kind of wild beast, commonly known as the human bear.
5 Glaze: A general term for various naturally occurring gemstones with light.
6 These are two allusions. The first couplet comes from "Hanshu·Biography of Wang Ji". Wang Jining Ziyang, a native of the Western Han Dynasty, has a noble character. The jujube tree next door to the east stretched over the courtyard wall to Wang Ji's house, and his wife picked jujubes from the tree for Wang Ji to eat. After Wang Ji learned about the origin of the dates, he thought his wife was stealing and kicked his wife out of the house. When the neighbor knew the reason, he wanted to cut down the jujube tree. After repeated dissuasion and firm requests from his neighbors, Wang Ji finally allowed his wife to come back. Go, leave, here it means "let... leave", which means abandonment. The second couplet comes from "Chronicles of the Former Han Dynasty". Gongyixiu, the Prime Minister of Lu State in the Spring and Autumn Period. He likes to eat the sunflowers planted by his wife in the back garden. Later, when he saw his wife weaving cloth by herself, he suddenly thought that he was competing with those who made a living by growing vegetables and weaving cloth, so he uprooted the sunflower seeds in his garden and abandoned his wife. To go out, to let... go out, means to give up. Kwai, mallow, a vegetable, the seeds can be used as medicine.
7咿咿 (sound yīyā): the sound of shaking the trough.
Ge against armor, drum against flag, purple swallow against oriole. Plum blossoms are sour to plum blossoms, blue eyes are to white eyebrows.
Three playing the flute, one playing Go 2, the rain blowing against the wind blowing. Begonia sleeps early in spring, while willow sleeps late in the day.
Zhang Jun once wrote poems about locust trees, while Du Ling did not write poems about crabapples 4.
The scholars of the Jin Dynasty were extraordinary, comparable to a leopard with one spot; the Confucian scholars of the Tang Dynasty were knowledgeable, comparable to the tortoise of the Five Generals.
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1 Li bitter: Plums are very bitter. "Shishuoxinyu Yaliang" says that when King Rong of Jin Dynasty was a child, he was playing with a group of children on the roadside. He saw a plum tree on the roadside that was full of fruits, but no one picked them. The children all scrambled to pick it, but Wang Rong refused. Someone asked him why, and he said: The plum tree grows on the side of the road, and the fruit has not been picked by passers-by. It must be a bitter plum. The children picked the plums and tasted them. Sure enough, they were too bitter to eat. Blue eyes: The pupil is black. When you look directly at the other person, the eyeball is black, which is called blue eye, which means you value the other person. The side is white. If you look at the other person squinting, white will appear, which means you despise the other person. "Shishuo Xinyu·Jian Ao" annotated "Book of Jin·Ruan Ji Biography" and said that Ruan Ji, a native of Jin, did not adhere to secular etiquette. When he saw people with ordinary talents, he would roll his eyes at him. Only when Ji Kang, a famous scholar at that time, went to see him, did Ruan Ji look favorably upon him. Bai Mei: During the Three Kingdoms period, Ma Liang (also known as Jichang), a native of Shu, had five brothers, all ranked with the character "Chang". Among them, Ma Liang's talent and learning were the most outstanding among the brothers. Ma Liang's eyebrows have white hair. There was a saying at that time that "the five characteristics of Ma's family are white eyebrows." (See "Three Kingdoms·Shu".) Later generations will call the most talented among the brothers Baimei.
2 San Nong Flute: This is an allusion, found in "Shishuo Xinyu·Ren Dan". Wang Huizhi (Yu Zixian, son of Wang Xizhi) from Jin Dynasty had heard that Huan Yi (Yu Shuxia, nicknamed Yewang) was good at playing the flute, but they did not know each other. One day, Wang Huizhi took a boat out of the city, and Huan Yi was driving past the shore. Someone told Wang Huizhi: This person is Huan Yi. Wang Huizhi then asked someone to say to Huan Yi: "I heard that you are good at playing the flute. Please try playing for me." At that time, Huan Yi had already served as the governor of Huainan and the governor of Yuzhou. However, after hearing about Wang Huizhi's reputation for a long time, he got off the car and played for Wang Huizhi. After playing three pieces of music, they went their separate ways without saying a word.
Nong originally means playing with precious jade with both hands, but here it is extended to playing the flute with both hands. There is an ancient flute song named "Three Nongs of Plum Blossoms".
3 These are two allusions. The first couplet is from "Taizhen Gaiden". Emperor Ming of Tang Dynasty (Xuanzong Li Longji) summoned Concubine Yang at Chenxiang Pavilion, but Concubine Yang was still drunk. Emperor Ming asked his maid to help Concubine Yang to the Chenxiang Pavilion. Concubine Yang got drunk and touched up her makeup, but she could not bow down. Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty said with a smile: "Why are you drunk? It's because Begonia hasn't had enough sleep!" (Why is she drunk? It's because Begonia hasn't had enough sleep!) Later, Su Shi of the Song Dynasty wrote in "Begonia Poetry" "I'm afraid the flower will fall asleep late at night. , and even burnt silver candles to illuminate the red makeup.” This is the allusion used. The second couplet comes from "The Story of Sanfu". It is said that there was a willow tree in the palace garden of the Han Dynasty. In the poem "Taicheng Road Silkworms" written by E in the Qing Dynasty, it is written that the sericulture farmers "keep the reed curtain, sleep three times and rise like human willows", using this allusion.
4 Zhang Jun's sentence: According to Li Hao's "Pianbabu·Xiliang" in Volume 124 of "Taiping Yulan", there used to be no catalpa trees in the Heyou area (today's Jiuquan area of ??Gansu Province), and the separatist regime in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty Zhang Jun of the Qianliang Kingdom in the Heyou area once transplanted some tree species from Shaanxi, but they all died. After Qianliang was destroyed by the former Qin in 376 AD, Li Hao gradually occupied Heyou and established Xiliang in 400 AD. One day, a locust tree suddenly grew up in the northwest corner of Jiuquan Palace. Li Hao thought it was a good omen, so he wrote "Ode to the Locust Tree". The original note quoted from "Liang Lu" said that "Locust Tree Fu" was written by Zhang Jun, which is consistent with what the original text said. It is suspected that both the original text and the original annotation are wrong. Du Ling: refers to Du Fu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. Wang Yucheng of the Song Dynasty said in his "Shihua" that Du Fu's mother's name was Haitang, and Du Fu never wrote poems about Haitang to avoid taboos.
5 Jinshi Sentence: This sentence means that the scribes of the Jin Dynasty had unique talents, and outsiders could only observe a very small part of them, just like looking at a leopard through a bamboo tube. It has the same pattern on its body. This phrase originally came from "Shishuo Xinyu·Fang Zheng", saying that when Wang Zijing (ie Wang Xianzhi) was a child, he could tell the outcome of both sides when he watched people playing a kind of chess. The players looked down upon him because of his young age and said: "This man can also spy on the leopard and see something every time." The tortoise of the five generals: the turtle is regarded by the ancients as a long-lived spiritual creature. It gathers in five thousand years, so the knowledgeable person is called the five generals. turtle. "New Book of Tang: Biography of Yin Jianyou" says that Yin's family was knowledgeable, and He Zhizhang "was named Wu Zonggui". The five generals have gathered five times, which means they have experienced a thousand years.
"Sound Rhythm Enlightenment" is an enlightenment book that trains children to cope with and master the rhythm of sounds. It is organized according to rhyme, including virtual and real responses to astronomy, geography, flowers and trees, birds and beasts, people, utensils, etc. From single-character pairs to two-character pairs, three-character pairs, five-character pairs, seven-character pairs, to eleven-character pairs, the sounds and rhymes are harmonious and catchy, and you can get training in pronunciation, vocabulary, and rhetoric. From single words to multi-word pairs, it reads like a song. Compared with other three-character and four-character sentences, it has more charm. This type of reading is unique among enlightenment readings and has endured for a long time. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, books such as "Xun Meng Haihai" and "Li Weng Duiyun" have been written in this way and have been widely circulated.
Poetry and couplets are important literary forms in ancient China. They have been passed down from generation to generation for more than two thousand years and still have strong vitality today. In ancient times, this kind of literary training began as a child in a private school, with strict requirements on intonation, rhythm, meter, etc. Therefore, some works on rhythm have also emerged, among which "Enlightenment of Rhythm" written by Che Wanyu during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty is one of the more representative ones.
Reference materials
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