Mr. Zhang Dachang was born in a scholarly family, and was nurtured by family culture since childhood. In his youth, he was enlightened by Mr. Shang Weinan, a philosopher, and in his youth, he was enlightened by a generation of famous monks, which laid a good foundation for studying philosophy. The author of his family's medical treasure, Fu Xing Ji Fu Zang Fu Yao Yao, is just Tao Hongjing, who was praised by nan huaijin, a master of contemporary classical culture, as an "outstanding representative" of Taoism in the Liang Dynasty and an "honest and eternal master". The profound philosophical connotation in his book also aroused Mr. Dachang's interest in pursuing medical philosophy. With the deepening of the study of this book, a unique thought of medical philosophy has gradually formed. His "governing body is universal" and "mutual view of the current situation" have a guiding role in his medical academic research and development, and are also one of the important reasons for his unique medical skills. Now, the author would like to make a brief summary as follows:
The preface to Medical Philosophy, Mind and Method written by Mr. Zhang Dachang says: "The body of directors is all dharma schools", which highly summarizes his thinking method of classifying everything in the world and understanding its nature. This is his view formed by absorbing the essence of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism.
director and body are two pairs of terms in China's ancient philosophy. The juxtaposition of reason and matter began in the Tang Dynasty with the combination of wisdom, body and use, and began in the late Han Dynasty with Wang Bi and Zhong Hui. "Reason" is the meaning of law and theory; "Thing" is the meaning of phenomenon and activity state; "Body" has the meaning of noumenon and plastid; "Use" has the meaning of function and function. The source of director and body use can be traced back to Laozi, and "reason" is the "Tao" in Laozi; "Body" is like "thing" in Laozi; Things and uses were originally common words in Laozi. The later thinkers of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism gave full play to and used the theory of directors and body, which became the unique ideological content of ancient China culture.
Mr. Zhang Dachang, combining these two pairs of ancient philosophical words into one, and analyzing their mutual relationship, deepening their scientific connotation and applying them to medical science are of enlightening and guiding significance for understanding academic literature, physiology, pathology, diagnosis, prescription and other aspects of human body. In particular, the theory of "Auxiliary Travel Tactics" is the core of its theory, and it is impossible to talk about it. Without the guidance of philosophy, medicine can not be improved and advanced, but medicine belongs to natural science, and philosophy can not replace medicine belonging to scientific category. Mr. Zhang Dachang is well aware of this relationship, and his "Medical Philosophy and Mind Method" says: "Philosophy and reason, such as food, science and things, are soup and food. It is said that it is difficult to eat enough, and the soup is full. If there is a war machine, what about the war fruit? ! The play has human feelings, what about the fruit of the play? Isn't it a joke to say that eating is enough, playing is war, and playing is human feelings? " Illustrates the relationship between philosophy and medical affairs.
The first sentence of "Introduction to Medical Philosophy and Mind" says: "There is nothing unreasonable and useless in the world". There is another cloud: "There must be a reason for everything, and there must be a reason for everything." This is exactly the same as the saying in Sima Guang's "There is no blame in the book": "If there is a reason, there will be a reason, and if there is no reason, there will be no reason." It shows that things that exist objectively must have their reasons and conditions, that is, all things and things have certain Tao and reason, which will enlighten people that they should not be skeptical or negative about things that exist objectively because they or more people can't understand them. They should carefully observe, be brave in exploring, sum up the laws, and rise to theory, because "things must be justified." For things that have just happened or are in the development stage, we can also use known theories and past experience to make tentative treatment to verify whether they are correct or not, as a basis for confirmation or negation.
Mr. Zhang Dachang believes that the relationship between body and use is interdependent and coexists at the same time. He said: "There is a body, there must be a use" and "the body is reused", which is exactly the same as the contradictory theory of unity of opposites in ancient philosophy and modern philosophy. Body use is a pair of yin and yang, which are inseparable from each other. His medical words "On Yin-Yang Fire and Water" said: "The absolute truth is just one yin and one yang. The essence of yin is water, while hydration is qi, qi is yang, yin is the root of yang, and yang is the body of yin; Yang belongs to fire in the body, fire turns into blood, blood is yin, and yang is the root of yin, and yang is also used for yin. This meaning of yin and yang is rooted in each other, and it is also a matter of mutual use. " Further dialectical explanation is given to the yin and yang attributes of body use.
By analyzing, observing, researching and applying medical literature and academics with the thinking method of dividing things into categories, the complicated contents can be organized and clarified, which has a positive effect on guiding and summarizing the laws of practical experience and analyzing the value of theory. As the saying goes in "Preface to the Mind and Method of Medical Philosophers", "This principle, matter, body and application are four things, and the doctor's business is finished" is really nothing more than that. This can be seen from four medical words of Zhang Dachang.
"Neijing" is a classic of physicians, because it is more detailed in theory and method than in prescription and medicine, but it is still complete in theory, matter, body and use. Yin and yang, five elements, meteorology and astronomy are established, and the principle of medicine is also; Dirty images, meridians, ying Wei, qi and blood, medical matters; Color pulse, syndrome deficiency and excess, and the body of medicine; The therapeutic methods include reinforcing and purging, evacuation and guidance, four qi and five flavors of drugs, ups and downs, and thirteen prescriptions, medical records and medical uses. Those who read Neijing should look at it this way. "
"Annotations on typhoid fever can be divided into four schools. In the Song Dynasty, Zhu's arm talked about meridians; in the early Qing Dynasty, Ke Qin talked about parts; Zhang Zhicong talked about luck; in modern times, Dan Bo's family talked about syndromes, and actually lived in Xu Dachun and other places. Zhang's theory, the theory of typhoid fever is also; What Zhu said is a matter of typhoid fever; What Koch talks about is the body of typhoid fever; What Xu's and Danbo's talked about is also used for typhoid fever. The husband understands things clearly, the things are comprehensive, the body is a foregone conclusion, and it is used for treatment. Those who read Treatise on Febrile Diseases have access to these four things, and they are almost in the room. "
"The pulse condition can be divided into two systems, Yin and Yang, which are the principles of pulse science. Press up, down, left, right, front and back, and Liuhe takes speech and pulse as a whole; According to the length, product diameter and weight, we can know its body; Take advantage of strength, frequency, lifting and lowering, thus deriving 36 kinds of pulse conditions. "
"Prescription science should be based on evidence, knowledge and reason, and set up two comprehensive and six classes; Based on the treatment of the cause, it is necessary to establish four points and eight eyes; Take the treatment method as its body, and build a prescription system (monarch, minister, envoy, assistant, and expedient weight); With the preparation of the law, it is thought that it is used, and the genre of the prescription changes. "
Mr. Zhang Dachang believes that the five-element body-use collocation of five kinds of drugs is the theoretical skeleton of Fu Xing Jue. As a result of the combination of body odor and taste of the five internal organs, a qualitative change has been formed, that is, "transforming taste" There are five combinations of five flavors, namely, bitterness turns sweet, bitterness turns sour, sweetness turns bitter, saltiness turns pungent, and bitterness turns salty. For those with five internal organs, the mother's taste is consistent with the child's body odor, but it is still a mixture of two original flavors. They also have five forms, which are: bitterness and bitterness are incompatible; Salty and pungent are incompatible; Sweet and salty, sour and sweet, bitter and sour.
Mr. Zhang Dachang believes that the combination of herbs and flavors has the function of regulating the qi of the internal organs. The method of reinforcing and reducing diarrhea in "Fu Xing Jue" is to use taste to supplement the original viscera, appreciate the diarrhea of the original viscera, and level the deficiency and excess syndrome caused by biased body use. This is the way to strengthen the body resistance and eliminate evil spirits, which belongs to health preservation. Five incompatible, have the effect of expelling pathogenic factors. The method of treating diseases in Fu Xing Ji is that the mother of the five zang-organs uses the flavor together with the body odor of the viscera, but the functions of the herbs are applied in different ways, such as pungent and bitter to remove the new sensation, salty and soft and pungent to remove the stagnation, sweet and salty to remove dryness, sour and astringent to remove the spasm (wind), bitter and clear (purging heat) and sour to remove the annoyance. This is the way to exorcise evil spirits and restore righteousness. Zhang Zhongjing's prescriptions, such as Banxia Xiexin Decoction for removing swelling, Ganzhetang for removing stagnation, Dahuang Glycyrrhiza Decoction for removing dryness, Shaoyao Glycyrrhiza Decoction for removing contracture, and Zhichi Decoction for removing annoyance, are cited to illustrate it.
Mr. Zhang Dachang passed on a formula: "If there is this, there is another, and if there is nothing, there is nothing; When it is decided temporarily, it will change when it loses power. " (It is unknown whether there is a cloud that speaks the tantric classics of Buddhism). This is Mr. Wang's philosophical idea of citing Buddhism to discuss time and space, and it is a summary of his understanding of the movement and change of all things in the world.
The so-called "there is this and there is that, and there is nothing without this" means that the space occupied by things has two directions of "there" and "here" which are opposite to each other, such as east and west, south and north, left and right, front and back, up and down, high and low, and inside and outside. These two opposing aspects are interdependent. One of them no longer exists, and the other one loses its meaning. If there is no east, there is no west, etc. Both east and west are based on the midpoint, "it is difficult to determine the quartet without the midpoint", and so on.
The so-called "temporary decision depends on the situation, but it will change when it loses power" means that the time when something exists determines its state, and the advantages of a certain state will change into a new state with the progress of time, but it will lose its original advantages and present new advantages. Due to the one-dimensional development of time, "gaining power" is temporary and can only be the immediate state of time, which will inevitably be replaced by the advantages of the new state. At the same time, the original things will disappear in the spatial position and become "nothing", and the newly-born things will occupy the spatial position and become "existence". And new things will have a course from "being" to "not being". Such changes constitute the trajectory of the development and change of things. Shao Yong, a philosopher in the Song Dynasty, said: "When the time comes, the situation will take advantage of it; when the time goes, it will start; what happened the day before yesterday can't be done today; what happened today will be changed the day after tomorrow", which can be used as an annotation for Mr. Zhang Dachang's view of the current situation.
In today's mature development of dialectical materialism, this concept of time and space is not original, but it is still an aphorism. What's more commendable is that Mr. Zhang Dachang put this concept of time and space into medical science, giving it a new meaning, injecting fresh blood into traditional Chinese medicine and increasing the vitality of life.
The understanding of the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements in Medical Philosophy and Heart Method reflects his view of mutual situation. He believes that the theory of yin-yang and five elements contains duality and reciprocity, characteristics and * * *.
the opposition of yin and yang is sex, which is the tangible state of things belonging to yin or yang in space. The unity of yin and yang is reciprocity, which is the invisible (chaotic) state of things belonging to yin or yang in spatial position. Sex is the principle of yin and yang, and reciprocity is the matter of yin and yang. In medical science, such as cold and heat, deficiency and reality, exterior and interior, it is about sex; Cold and heat are intertwined, and the deficiency and excess are both carried, and the exterior and interior diseases are the same, but in terms of reciprocity.
the transformation of yin and yang is the characteristic, which is a certain state in which things have an attribute advantage in a specific time during the development process. The ebb and flow of Yin and Yang is the nature of * * *, which is the dynamic state of attribute trends in the development process of things at any time. The characteristics are the body of yin and yang, and the * * * nature is used for yin and yang. In terms of medical theory, such as the symptoms of Yang disease in San Yin San, the time of onset and the law of meridian passage, it is in terms of the characteristics of Yin and Yang; Third, the change of Yang disease in Yin San, the straight middle, the combined disease, the combined disease, the shun and reverse, the change of genus, the attack on exterior to save interior, and the sweat to relieve interior, etc., are in terms of the * * * nature of Yin and Yang.
the five elements are opposite to each other, that is, positive victory (positive gram) is opposite to anti-horizontal (anti-gram). Positive victory means: Muketu, Tukeshui, Shuikeshuo, Huokejin, Jin Kemu; Anti-horizontal: gold horizontal fire, fire horizontal water, water horizontal soil, soil horizontal wood, wood horizontal gold. (opposing the horizontal means threatening each other). The five elements are mutual, that is, the coexistence of good health and negative health, and the good health (positive health) is: wood fires, fire produces soil, soil produces gold, gold produces water, and aquatic wood; Negative life (negative life) means: gold hurts soil, soil covers fire, fire burns wood, wood exhausts water, and water erodes gold. The duality and reciprocity of the five elements are the existence or absence of the five elements in their spatial position.
the five elements are characterized by their bitter desires, that is, they use what they want for virtue and suffer for lewdness. Virtue uses: wood wants to disperse, fire wants to be soft, soil wants to be wet, gold wants to be gathered, and water wants to be firm. It is extremely abnormal to use lewd disaster for virtue: the wood becomes extremely urgent, the fire becomes extremely soft and slow, the soil becomes extremely wet, the gold becomes extremely restrained, and the water becomes extremely hard and coagulated. The characteristics of the five elements are the performance in the dominant time of evidence. The content of the five elements has become * * *, that is, it is partial to contain what it contains, and it is revolutionary to contain what it is. Partial contents are: fire in water, gold in fire, wood in gold, wood in wood and water in soil. Leather changes from wood to gold, gold to fire, fire to water, water to soil, and soil to wood. The * * * nature of the five elements is the performance when the advantage is lost.
(The understanding of the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements in the above-mentioned Medical Philosopher's Heart Method was revised and arranged by the author according to the original text, which may not fully express its meaning).
from the above, it can be seen that Mr. Zhang Dachang's achievements in studying the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements from the perspective of mutual situation not only deepened the understanding of the opposition, unity, growth and decline and transformation of Yin-Yang Theory, but also put forward the problem of negative life on the basis of the relationship between the five elements of life, gram, multiplication and insult. Its virtue and lewdness are actually rooted in Neijing's Dirty Qi Method. As for the partial implication of the five elements, each element contains its own truth (which can be contained in its negation, so it can be called "truth") and qi (essence). The transformation of the five elements is the principle that things will be extremely reversed and extremely changed, and it is consistent with "anti-horizontal". Although it is in Neijing,
Mr. Zhang Dachang's unique concept of medical philosophy, the course of studying medicine, and being good at absorbing multi-disciplinary knowledge from various arts he likes, enriching the diagnosis and treatment techniques, collecting prescriptions of tests and secrets, testing them with reason, adapting their applications, and constantly enhancing the characteristics of medical skills.
His medical skills are typical of the classics, and he takes the theories of other classics as examples, focusing on Auxiliary Travel Tactics, Typhoid Febrile Diseases and Golden Chamber, and also adopts ancient books such as Qianjin and Waitai. The prescriptions of all the books are examined and used by the group method of "Auxiliary Travel Tactics". Although syndrome differentiation is still based on the deficiency and excess of the five internal organs, it is actually biased according to the body use of the five internal organs. Although the treatment method is based on "deficiency is to supplement it" and "actually diarrhea", it does not stick to the general meanings of "deficiency" and "reality", but uses diseases as deficiency, physical diseases as reality, AIDS as supplement and helps the body as diarrhea; Although the formula is also based on the pattern of monarch, minister, envoy and Zuo Wei, it also plays a different role in its name and position. It is believed that "the monarch, minister, assistant and envoy in pharmacy are selected according to their roles in the transformation and interaction between organic and functional components in the process of contradiction." (See Mr. Zhang Dachang's "Overview of the Founder", the author copied the manuscript by hand); In the medicine for reinforcing and reducing the five internal organs, those with the same taste as the five internal organs are regarded as reinforcing, and those with the same taste as the body odor are regarded as diarrhea. Although both nitrate and yellow are called diarrhea, they are called tonifying in the prescription for treating the heart, and ginseng and grass are called tonifying, but they are called diarrhea in the prescription for treating the kidney. All aspects of Mr. Zhang Dachang's diagnosis and treatment, such as theory, method, prescription and medicine, are characterized by the academic thought of Fu Xing Jue.
Mr. Zhang Dachang is good at painting, and often compares the changes of three primary colors with the changes of five flavors of drugs. He said: "Blue yellow turns green, red blue turns purple, and so does medication. Different colors have different effects, such as grass, onion and ink. Therefore, when using the mixture, the ratio of dosage should not be ignored, and the difference of prescriptions, that is, the difference of the proportion of herbs, has different uses. He has accumulated rich experience in diagnosing diseases by looking at the color. He thinks that "those with dark color are serious, those with light color are light, those with floating color are sick outside, those with heavy color are sick inside, and the five internal organs have special colors, which are fierce when they see grams, and those who do not conform to them are in disaster", and points out that the five colors "take light and shade as their nature, and the eyes should regard them as disasters".
His research and practice on the study of Lv and Lv strengthened his understanding of hearing and diagnosis. The Neijing is often quoted as saying, "God is what you know by looking, holiness is what you know by smelling, work is what you know by asking, and cleverness is what you know by cutting." He has accumulated a wealth of clinical experience in hearing and diagnosis, and he can often "smell and know". In 1976, a patient with advanced lung cancer asked his husband to make a house call, and the author went with him. Before entering the ward, I heard the voice of the patient moaning. After entering the room and sitting less, I was in the hospital bed, making the patient lie on his side, pointing to the middle and upper part of his right back and asking, "Does it hurt here?" The patient nodded and said yes. All of you are amazed at this skill, and it is said to be a beautiful talk.
Mr. Zhang Dachang's profound cultural and historical foundation makes his understanding of ancient medical works often unexpected.