1. The running trajectory of the pen
The running trajectory of the pen refers to the movement and path of the brush on the calligraphy expression carrier (paper, silk, bamboo, wood, etc.) and the resulting traces left behind. The trajectory of the pen varies from calligraphy to style.
Original script (including seal script, official script, and regular script) pays attention to starting the pen against the trend and closing the pen after returning to the trend. The so-called "reverse in and flat out", "no hanging, no shrinking, no going, no closing" are the basic requirements for the pen's running trajectory. In the process of starting and closing the pen, the pen edge often passes through the same point twice. In the process of strokes, the pen moves in an arc where the strokes are round; when the strokes are straight, the pen moves in a straight line.
Because of the faster writing speed and coherent writing style in cursive and cursive scripts, the requirement of reverse and recycling in the main script is downplayed. In one stroke, the stroke rarely passes through the same point twice (except when crossing). At the same time, the cursive and cursive scripts are rich in variety, with relatively few straight lines, and the pens mostly move along curves, moving forward continuously.
In terms of calligraphy style, if it is square and sharp, the turning point (referring to the horizontal fold) is to lift the pen upwards first, and then press the pen downwards inwards. The brushwork is restrained and the strokes are slightly overlapping. . For rounded and outward extensions, press the pen directly to the right and down at the turning point, and the strokes will be rounded and extended outwards.
2. The running speed of the pen
The running speed of the pen refers to the speed and speed of the pen running. Ji means fast. But "ji" doesn't just mean fast, it still requires ups and downs of writing, rapid and powerful. Astringent means slow, that is, the writing should be able to be retained, but not stagnant. The stipples of the characters are different, and the writing speed is also different, so they are divided into "quick" and "astringent". Liu Xizai of the Qing Dynasty wrote in "Yi Gui-Shu Gui": "When the ancients discussed the use of pens, they could only use the word "quick and astringent". Astringent is not slow, and quick is not fast. Slow and fast are regarded as quick and astringent, but those who can be quick and astringent do not have it." Jiang He's "Authentic Calligraphy - Exquisite Explanation of Brushwork - Fingering Names" of the Qing Dynasty says: "If the disease is suitable, the disease will occur; if it is not, the power will be lost; if it is astringent, it will be astringent; if it is not astringent, the disease will occur."
Generally speaking, The speed of writing formal script should be slower, but the flexibility of cursive writing should be achieved; the speed of writing cursive script should be faster, but the stability of formal script should be maintained.
The speed at which the pen runs is not static, but alternately moves forward slowly and sometimes quickly according to the specific situation.
3. The contact point between the pen and the expression carrier
The contact point between the pen and the expression carrier, that is, the highest point in contact between the pen and the expression carrier. We can first divide the pen into three parts, the one-third close to the barrel is called the pen root, the one-third close to the tip is called the pen tip, and the middle third is called the pen belly. The part below the root of the pen (i.e. the belly and the tip of the pen) can be divided into three parts, which are one, two and three parts from bottom to top. In this way, the pen can be roughly divided into four parts: one point from the tip of the pen to two-ninths, two points from two-ninths to four-ninths, and two parts from four-ninths to six-ninths. A three-thirds pen, with more than six-ninths being the base of the pen.
If it is not usable, it will be flat and thin if it is used.